Ruby Hash v. Struct v. Data v. Class

hash_struct_data_class_benchmark.rb

require 'benchmark/ips'

PointStruct = Struct.new(:x, :y, :grayscale)

PointData = Data.define(:x, :y, :grayscale)

class PointClass
  attr_accessor :x, :y, :grayscale

  def initialize(x, y, grayscale)
    @x, @y, @grayscale = x, y, grayscale
  end
end

Benchmark.ips do |x|
  x.report("Creating Struct") { PointStruct.new(rand(100), rand(100), rand(256)) }
  x.report("Creating Data") { PointData.new(rand(100), rand(100), rand(256)) }
  x.report("Creating Class") { PointClass.new(rand(100), rand(100), rand(256)) }
  x.report("Creating Hash") { { x: rand(100), y: rand(100), grayscale: rand(256) } }
  x.compare!
end

Benchmark.ips do |x|
  x.report("Accessing Struct") { point = PointStruct.new(rand(100), rand(100), rand(256)); point.x; point.y; point.grayscale }
  x.report("Accessing Data") { point = PointData.new(rand(100), rand(100), rand(256)); point.x; point.y; point.grayscale }
  x.report("Accessing Class") { point = PointClass.new(rand(100), rand(100), rand(256)); point.x; point.y; point.grayscale }
  x.report("Accessing Hash") { point = { x: rand(100), y: rand(100), grayscale: rand(256) }; point[:x]; point[:y]; point[:grayscale] }
  x.compare!
end

#  Results:
# 2023-08-04 20:41:44 CET
# 2,6 GHz 6-Core Intel Core i7
# Intel UHD Graphics 630 1536 MB
# 32 GB 2667 MHz DDR4
# Warming up --------------------------------------
#      Creating Struct   180.269k i/100ms
#        Creating Data   124.964k i/100ms
#       Creating Class   175.496k i/100ms
#        Creating Hash   220.985k i/100ms
# Calculating -------------------------------------
#      Creating Struct      1.893M (± 2.7%) i/s -      9.554M in   5.051606s
#        Creating Data      1.259M (± 3.2%) i/s -      6.373M in   5.067984s
#       Creating Class      1.781M (± 3.1%) i/s -      8.950M in   5.030144s
#        Creating Hash      2.207M (± 3.2%) i/s -     11.049M in   5.012252s
# 
# Comparison:
#        Creating Hash:  2206856.5 i/s
#      Creating Struct:  1892751.2 i/s - 1.17x  (± 0.00) slower
#       Creating Class:  1781183.8 i/s - 1.24x  (± 0.00) slower
#        Creating Data:  1258870.2 i/s - 1.75x  (± 0.00) slower
# 
# Warming up --------------------------------------
#     Accessing Struct   181.624k i/100ms
#       Accessing Data   120.734k i/100ms
#      Accessing Class   163.452k i/100ms
#       Accessing Hash   195.814k i/100ms
# Calculating -------------------------------------
#     Accessing Struct      1.779M (± 3.2%) i/s -      8.900M in   5.008624s
#       Accessing Data      1.142M (± 8.2%) i/s -      5.674M in   5.007587s
#      Accessing Class      1.608M (± 4.6%) i/s -      8.173M in   5.095153s
#       Accessing Hash      1.952M (± 3.0%) i/s -      9.791M in   5.020502s
# 
# Comparison:
#       Accessing Hash:  1951927.5 i/s
#     Accessing Struct:  1778751.7 i/s - 1.10x  (± 0.00) slower
#      Accessing Class:  1607887.9 i/s - 1.21x  (± 0.00) slower
#       Accessing Data:  1141760.5 i/s - 1.71x  (± 0.00) slower