StateDrivenNavigationView.swift

//
//  ContentView.swift
//  NavigationViewTest
//
//  Created by Thomas Visser on 04/11/2019.
//  Copyright © 2019 Thomas Visser. All rights reserved.
//

import SwiftUI

// The core of this approach is a custom wrapper around UINavigationController that works on
// an array of views. If a view is added to the array, a new VC is pushed.
// If a view is removed, that VC is popped.

// Step 1

private final class StateDrivenNavigationController<V>: NSObject, UIViewControllerRepresentable, UIDocumentPickerDelegate where V: Hashable {

    let stack: [V]
    let content: (V) -> NavigationDestinationView
    let onStackChanged: ([V]) -> Void

    init(stack: [V], onStackChanged: @escaping ([V]) -> Void, content: @escaping (V) -> NavigationDestinationView) {
        self.stack = stack
        self.content = content
        self.onStackChanged = onStackChanged
    }

    func makeUIViewController(context: UIViewControllerRepresentableContext<StateDrivenNavigationController>) -> UINavigationController {
        let vc = UINavigationController()
        vc.navigationBar.prefersLargeTitles = true
        return vc
    }

    func updateUIViewController(_ uiViewController: UINavigationController, context: UIViewControllerRepresentableContext<StateDrivenNavigationController>) {
        uiViewController.delegate = context.coordinator
        context.coordinator.update(navigationController: uiViewController, stack: stack, content: content, onStackChanged: self.onStackChanged, context: context)
    }

    func makeCoordinator() -> Coordinator {
        return Coordinator()
    }

}

extension StateDrivenNavigationController {
    class Coordinator: NSObject, UINavigationControllerDelegate {

        private var hostingControllers: [V: Weak<UIHostingController<AnyView>>] = [:]

        var onStackChanged: (([V]) -> Void)? = nil

        func update(navigationController: UINavigationController, stack: [V], content: (V) -> NavigationDestinationView, onStackChanged: @escaping ([V]) -> Void, context: UIViewControllerRepresentableContext<StateDrivenNavigationController>) {

            self.onStackChanged = onStackChanged

            let newViewControllers = stack.map { e -> UIViewController in
                let destination = content(e)
                if let existingViewController = hostingControllers[e]?.value {
                    existingViewController.rootView = destination.view
                    return existingViewController
                } else {
                    let vc = UIHostingController(rootView: destination.view)
                    hostingControllers[e] = Weak(value: vc)

                    // make sure the title is set before the animation starts
                    // the value from .navigationBarTitle hasn't been set on the
                    // vc.navigationItem yet (it will later) so we have to use our own
                    if stack.last == e {
                        if let title = destination.title {
                            vc.navigationItem.title = title
                        }

                        if let titleDisplayMode = destination.displayMode {
                            switch titleDisplayMode {
                            case .inline: vc.navigationItem.largeTitleDisplayMode = .never
                            case .large: vc.navigationItem.largeTitleDisplayMode = .always
                            case .automatic: vc.navigationItem.largeTitleDisplayMode = .automatic
                            @unknown default: break
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    return vc
                }
            }

            if newViewControllers != navigationController.viewControllers {
                navigationController.setViewControllers(newViewControllers, animated: !context.transaction.disablesAnimations)
            }
        }

        func navigationController(_ navigationController: UINavigationController, willShow viewController: UIViewController, animated: Bool) {
            let hashableStack = navigationController.viewControllers.compactMap { vc in
                hostingControllers.first(where: { $1.value == vc })?.key
            }

            onStackChanged?(hashableStack)

            // fixme/todo: cancelling an interactive back navigation
        }
    }

    class Weak<Value> where Value: AnyObject {
        weak var value: Value?

        init(value: Value) {
            self.value = value
        }
    }

}

// We need a tiny wrapper around View because we need early access to the title
// and display mode (.navigationBarTitle values are set too late on the vc.navigaitonItem)
// and we need a hashable id for solution step 2.
struct NavigationDestinationView {
    let id: AnyHashable
    let view: AnyView
    let title: String?
    let displayMode: NavigationBarItem.TitleDisplayMode?
}

// Example for step 1 (uncomment this example and comment the one below to see this intermediate step)

//struct ContentView: View {
//
//    @State var tab = 0
//    @State var selections: [Int: Int] = [0:0]
//
//    var body: some View {
//        ZStack {
//            TabView {
//                StateDrivenNavigationController(stack: selections.keys.sorted(), onStackChanged: { stack in
//                    self.selections = self.selections.filter { stack.contains($0.key) }
//                }) { n in
//                    NavigationDestinationView(
//                        id: "",
//                        view: AnyView(PageView(n: n, selections: self.$selections)),
//                        title: "Page \(n)",
//                        displayMode: .automatic
//                    )
//                }
//                .tabItem { Text("Pages") }
//                .tag(0)
//
//                Text("Second tab")
//                    .tabItem { Text("Second tab") }
//                    .tag(1)
//            }
//
//            VStack {
//                Text("Selections: \(selections.description)")
//                HStack {
//                    Button(action: {
//                        if let last = self.selections.keys.sorted().last {
//                            self.selections.removeValue(forKey: last)
//                        }
//                    }) {
//                        Text("Pop")
//                    }
//
//                    Button(action: {
//                        if let last = self.selections.keys.sorted().last {
//                            self.selections[last+1] = Int.random(in: 0..<10)
//                        } else {
//                            self.selections[0] = 0
//                        }
//                    }) {
//                        Text("Push")
//                    }
//                }
//            }
//            .padding(8)
//            .background(Color(UIColor.systemGray3).cornerRadius(8))
//            .frame(maxHeight: .infinity, alignment: .bottom)
//            .padding(.bottom, 100)
//        }
//    }
//}
//
//struct PageView: View {
//
//    let n: Int
//    var selections: Binding<[Int: Int]>
//
//    var sel: Binding<Int?> {
//        Binding(get: {
//            return self.selections.wrappedValue[self.n+1]
//        }, set: {
//            self.selections.wrappedValue[self.n+1] = $0
//        })
//    }
//
//    var body: some View {
//        List(0..<10) { i in
//            Button(action: {
//                self.sel.wrappedValue = i
//            }) {
//                HStack {
//                    Text("\(i)")
//                    Spacer()
//                    Image(systemName: "chevron.right").font(Font.body.weight(.semibold)).foregroundColor(Color(UIColor.systemFill))
//                }
//            }
//        }
//        .navigationBarTitle("Page \(n)")
//    }
//}

// The limitation of the solution we've arrived at with step 1 is that it
// doesn't work well for situations where you want each view
// to be in control of pushing the next one (like NavigationLink) allows us.
//
// To address this, we can wrap the StateDrivenNavigationController in a view
// that listens to a custom preference of its children. When a child sets a
// value on that preference, a next view will be pushed. If the preference
// is set to nil, the pushed view will be popped again.

private let rootId = AnyHashable("ROOT")

struct StateDrivenNavigationView<Content>: View where Content: View {

    let rootView: Content

    // contains all except the root
    @State var _stack: [NavigationStackItem] = []

    init(@ViewBuilder content: () -> Content) {
        self.rootView = content()
    }

    func destination(for id: AnyHashable) -> NavigationDestinationView {
        if id == rootId {
            return NavigationDestinationView(id: rootId, view: AnyView(rootView), title: nil, displayMode: nil)
        } else {
            return _stack.first(where: { $0.id == id })?.destination
                ?? NavigationDestinationView(id: AnyHashable("empty"), view: AnyView(EmptyView()), title: nil, displayMode: nil)
        }
    }

    var body: some View {
        let stack = [NavigationStackItem(destination: NavigationDestinationView(id: rootId, view: AnyView(rootView), title: nil, displayMode: nil), onPop: { })] + _stack

        let setEffectiveStack: ([NavigationStackItem]) -> Void = {
            self._stack = Array($0.dropFirst())
        }

        return StateDrivenNavigationController(stack: stack.map { $0.id }, onStackChanged: { newStack in
            let common = zip(stack, newStack).prefix(while: { $0.id == $1})
            if common.count < stack.count { // at least one VC disappeared
                stack[common.count].onPop()
            }
        }) { stackItemId -> NavigationDestinationView in
            let destination = self.destination(for: stackItemId)

            return NavigationDestinationView(
                id: destination.id,
                view: AnyView(destination.view
                    .onPreferenceChange(StateDrivenNavigationPushKey.self) { view in
                        if let parentIdx = stack.firstIndex(where: { $0.id == stackItemId }) {
                            if let view = view { // push
                                let identifiedView = NavigationStackItem(
                                    destination: NavigationDestinationView(
                                        id: "\(stackItemId).next:\(view.id)",
                                        view: view.destination.view,
                                        title: view.destination.title,
                                        displayMode: view.destination.displayMode
                                    ),
                                    onPop: view.onPop
                                )
                                setEffectiveStack(stack.prefix(through: parentIdx) + [identifiedView])
                            } else if parentIdx < stack.count - 1 { // pop
                                setEffectiveStack(Array(stack.prefix(through: parentIdx)))
                            }
                        }
                    }),
                title: destination.title,
                displayMode: destination.displayMode
            )
        }
    }
}

// Wraps the destination view and closure that is called when that view is be popped
// due to user interaction. The implementation of that closure should update the
// state accordingly.
struct NavigationStackItem: Equatable {
    let destination: NavigationDestinationView
    let onPop: () -> Void

    var id: AnyHashable { destination.id }

    static func == (lhs: NavigationStackItem, rhs: NavigationStackItem) -> Bool {
        return lhs.id == rhs.id
    }
}

// We use a custom preference to inform the navigation view of the next view to be pushed
struct StateDrivenNavigationPushKey: PreferenceKey {

    static var defaultValue: NavigationStackItem? { nil }
    static func reduce(value: inout NavigationStackItem?, nextValue: () -> NavigationStackItem?) {
        value = nextValue() ?? value
    }
}

extension View {
    func stateDrivenNavigationPush(destination: NavigationDestinationView?, onPop: @escaping () -> Void) -> some View {
        // We set the preference on a background view to prevent SwiftUI from overwriting values when
        // `stateDrivenNavigationPush` is declared multiple times in a row. This forces SwiftUI to use the
        // PreferenceKey's reduce function
        if let destination = destination {
            return self.background(EmptyView().preference(
                key: StateDrivenNavigationPushKey.self,
                value: NavigationStackItem(
                    destination: destination,
                    onPop: onPop
                )
            ))
        } else {
            return self.background(EmptyView().preference(key: StateDrivenNavigationPushKey.self, value: nil))
        }
    }
}

// Example for step 2

struct ContentView: View {

    @State var tab = 0

    var body: some View {
        ZStack {
            TabView {
                StateDrivenNavigationView {
                    PageView(n: 0)
                }
                .tabItem { Text("Pages") }
                .tag(0)

                Text("Second tab")
                    .tabItem { Text("Second tab") }
                    .tag(1)
            }
        }
    }
}

struct PageView: View {

    let n: Int
    @State var selection: Int? = nil

    var body: some View {
        List(0..<10) { i in
            Button(action: {
                self.selection = i
            }) {
                HStack {
                    Text("\(i)")
                    Spacer()
                    Image(systemName: "chevron.right").font(Font.body.weight(.semibold)).foregroundColor(Color(UIColor.systemFill))
                }
            }
        }
        .navigationBarTitle("Page \(n)")
        .stateDrivenNavigationPush(
            destination: selection.map { i in
                NavigationDestinationView(id: n*100 + i, view: AnyView(PageView(n: i)), title: "Page \(i)", displayMode: .automatic)
            }, onPop: {
                self.selection = nil
            }
        )
    }
}

Oh really? I attempted to use a recursive NavigationLink style approach, which works unless you need to hide and unhide the navigation bar at will, which is still just so broken!

@gregcotten To force UIHostingController to set up its navigation item we can pre-render it in a separate window:

let window = UIWindow(frame: .zero)
window.rootViewController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: hostingController)
window.isHidden = false
window.layoutIfNeeded()

https://stackoverflow.com/a/71019728/4012494