ToddKerpelman/0_BigQuery_Recipes.md

## 0_BigQuery_Recipes.md

      
    Raw
  

              0_BigQuery_Recipes.md
            
          
    A handful of BigQuery SQL queries that you can use to analyze your own Google Analytics for Firebase data.
To find out more about how they work, check out our presentation from Cloud Next 2018 (Video link to be added soon)
Please note that these scripts have been updated to make sure of the new Firebase schema, which was rolled out to Analytics products in July of 2018.
Note that none of these scripts will work out of the box -- you'll need to update the values in brackets
with the names of your actual datasets, and you'll most likely also need to replace the names of events
and event properties with ones that are appropriate for your app.
The contents of this gist are licensed under the Apache License, version 2.0

  
## 1_analyze_event_param.sql
#standardSQL

# This query will get the average and standard deviation of a "score" parameter that's part of a
# "round_completed" event. Feel free to replace these values to match events and parameters that are
# already in your app.

SELECT
  AVG(param.value.int_value) AS avg_score,
  stddev(param.value.int_value) AS stddev
FROM
 `<dataset>.events_<date>`,
  UNNEST(event_params) AS param
WHERE
  event_name = "round_completed"
  AND param.key = "score"

## 2_coorelate_event_param_and_userprop.sql
#standardSQL

# Get the correlation between one event parameter (in this case, the "score" parameter of the
# "round_completed" event and a user property (in this case, the "xp" user property, converted
# from a string to an int).

SELECT
  corr(score,
    xp)
FROM (
  SELECT
    event_name,
    param.value.int_value AS score,
    CAST(user_prop.value.string_value AS int64) AS xp
  FROM
    `<dataset>.events_<date>`,
    UNNEST(event_params) AS param,
    UNNEST(user_properties) AS user_prop
  WHERE
    event_name = "round_completed"
    AND param.key = "score"
    AND user_prop.key = "xp" )

## 3_filter_one_event_parameter_by_another.sql
#standardSQL

# Let's group one event parameter (in this case, the "score" parameter of the round_completed event)
# with another event parameter (in this case, the "type_of_game" parameter) through the magic of
# SELECT FROM UNNEST !

SELECT
  AVG(score),
  MAX(type_of_game)
FROM (
  SELECT
    event_name,
    (SELECT value.int_value FROM UNNEST(event_params) WHERE key = "score") AS score,
    (SELECT value.string_value FROM UNNEST(event_params) WHERE key = "type_of_game") AS type_of_game
  FROM
    `<dataset>.events_<date>`
  WHERE
    event_name = "round_completed" )
GROUP BY
  type_of_game


## 4_filter_by_range_of_userprop_values.sql
#standardSQL

# Normally in the Firebase console, you can only filter your events by a single user property value. This allows you to
# filter the property of an event (in this case the "score" value of the "round_completed" event) by a range of user
# property values

SELECT
  AVG(score)
FROM (
  SELECT
    event_name,
    param.value.int_value AS score,
    CAST(user_prop.value.string_value AS int64) AS xp
  FROM
    `<dataset>.events_<date>`,
    UNNEST(event_params) AS param,
    UNNEST(user_properties) AS user_prop
  WHERE
    event_name = "round_completed"
    AND param.key = "score"
    AND user_prop.key = "xp" )
WHERE
  xp > 15000
  AND xp < 25000

## 5_filter_by_two_user_properties_at_once.sql
# standardSQL

# Suppose we want a side-by-side comparison of an event parameter (in this case "score") by two different user properties
# (in this case, is_spender and how many power-ups they have). This is how you'd do it. Note that the case statement
# at the top isn't really necessary if you have a user property that doesn't have too many values.


SELECT
  AVG(score) AS avg_score,
  spender,
  CASE
    WHEN powers < 20 THEN 'few_powers'
    ELSE 'many_powers'
  END AS powers_txt
FROM (
  SELECT
    event_name,
    (SELECT value.int_value FROM UNNEST(event_params) WHERE key = "score") AS score,
    (SELECT value.string_value FROM UNNEST(user_properties) WHERE key = "is_spender") AS spender,
    (SELECT CAST(value.string_value AS int64) FROM  UNNEST(user_properties) WHERE key = "powers") AS powers
  FROM
    `<dataset>.events_<date>`
  WHERE
    event_name = "round_completed" )
GROUP BY
  spender,
  powers_txt
ORDER BY
  spender,
  powers_txt

## 6_spend_currency.sql
#standardSQL

# See what trio of events are leading up to a desired event within your app!
# Make sure you replace "spend_virtual_currency" down near the bottom there with the actual
# event you're trying to target

SELECT
  s0,
  s1,
  s2,
  COUNT(*) AS count
FROM (
  SELECT
    user_pseudo_id,
    event_timestamp,
    event_name AS s0,
    LEAD (event_name, 1) OVER (PARTITION BY user_pseudo_id ORDER BY event_timestamp) AS s1,
    LEAD (event_name, 2) OVER (PARTITION BY user_pseudo_id ORDER BY event_timestamp) AS s2
  FROM
    `<dataset>.events_<date>`
  ORDER BY
    user_pseudo_id,
    event_timestamp )
WHERE
  s2 = "spend_virtual_currency"
GROUP BY
  s0,
  s1,
  s2
ORDER BY
  count DESC

## 7_common_screen_patterns.sql
#standardSQL

# Using the new "screen_view" event being tracked by Google Analytics for Firebase, can we figure out what the most
# common triplets of "screen progressions" are through our app?

SELECT
  screen_0,
  screen_1,
  screen_2,
  COUNT(*) AS count
FROM (
  SELECT
    user_pseudo_id,
    event_timestamp,
    param.value.string_value AS screen_0,
    LEAD (param.value.string_value, 1) OVER (PARTITION BY user_pseudo_id ORDER BY event_timestamp ) AS screen_1,
    LEAD (param.value.string_value, 2) OVER (PARTITION BY user_pseudo_id ORDER BY event_timestamp ) AS screen_2
  FROM
    `<dataset>.events_<date>`,
    UNNEST(event_params) AS param
  WHERE
    event_name = "screen_view"
    AND param.key = "firebase_screen_class"
  ORDER BY
    user_pseudo_id,
    event_timestamp )
WHERE
  screen_1 IS NOT NULL
  AND screen_2 IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY
  screen_0,
  screen_1,
  screen_2
ORDER BY
  count DESC

## 8_closed_funnel_with_time_constraints.sql
#standardSQL

# A closed funnel with time constraints!
# Count the number of occurrences a user encountered a "start_event" event, and then the number of times
# they encountered an "end_event" event after encountering the start event within a certain time window (4
# hours, in this example.)

SELECT
  COUNTIF(funnel_start_time IS NOT NULL) AS funnel_begin_count,
  COUNTIF(funnel_end_time - funnel_start_time < 4 * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000) AS funnel_end_count
FROM (
  SELECT
    funnel_start_time,
    LEAD(funnel_end_time, 1) OVER (PARTITION BY user_pseudo_id ORDER BY event_timestamp) AS funnel_end_time
  FROM (
    SELECT
      event_name,
      IF (event_name = "start_event",
        event_timestamp,
        NULL) AS funnel_start_time,
      IF (event_name = "end_event",
        event_timestamp,
        NULL) AS funnel_end_time,
      user_pseudo_id,
      event_timestamp
    FROM
      #  `<dataset>.events_<date>`
    WHERE
      event_name = "start_event"
      OR event_name = "end_event"
      AND _TABLE_SUFFIX BETWEEN '<yyyymmdd>'
      AND '<yyyymmdd>'
    ORDER BY
      user_pseudo_id,
      event_timestamp) )

## LICENSE

                                 Apache License
                           Version 2.0, January 2004
                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/

   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

   1. Definitions.

      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.

      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
      the copyright owner that is granting the License.

      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.

      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
      exercising permissions granted by this License.

      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
      source, and configuration files.

      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
      and conversions to other media types.

      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).

      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.

      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."

      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
      subsequently incorporated within the Work.

   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.

   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
      as of the date such litigation is filed.

   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
      meet the following conditions:

      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and

      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
          stating that You changed the files; and

      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
          the Derivative Works; and

      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
          as modifying the License.

      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
      the conditions stated in this License.

   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.

   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.

   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.

   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.

   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.

      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
      the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
      comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
      identification within third-party archives.

   Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]

   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   You may obtain a copy of the License at

       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   limitations under the License.
	#standardSQL

	# This query will get the average and standard deviation of a "score" parameter that's part of a
	# "round_completed" event. Feel free to replace these values to match events and parameters that are
	# already in your app.

	SELECT
	AVG(param.value.int_value) AS avg_score,
	stddev(param.value.int_value) AS stddev
	FROM
	`<dataset>.events_<date>`,
	UNNEST(event_params) AS param
	WHERE
	event_name = "round_completed"
	AND param.key = "score"
	#standardSQL

	# Get the correlation between one event parameter (in this case, the "score" parameter of the
	# "round_completed" event and a user property (in this case, the "xp" user property, converted
	# from a string to an int).

	SELECT
	corr(score,
	xp)
	FROM (
	SELECT
	event_name,
	param.value.int_value AS score,
	CAST(user_prop.value.string_value AS int64) AS xp
	FROM
	`<dataset>.events_<date>`,
	UNNEST(event_params) AS param,
	UNNEST(user_properties) AS user_prop
	WHERE
	event_name = "round_completed"
	AND param.key = "score"
	AND user_prop.key = "xp" )
	#standardSQL

	# Let's group one event parameter (in this case, the "score" parameter of the round_completed event)
	# with another event parameter (in this case, the "type_of_game" parameter) through the magic of
	# SELECT FROM UNNEST !

	SELECT
	AVG(score),
	MAX(type_of_game)
	FROM (
	SELECT
	event_name,
	(SELECT value.int_value FROM UNNEST(event_params) WHERE key = "score") AS score,
	(SELECT value.string_value FROM UNNEST(event_params) WHERE key = "type_of_game") AS type_of_game
	FROM
	`<dataset>.events_<date>`
	WHERE
	event_name = "round_completed" )
	GROUP BY
	type_of_game
	#standardSQL

	# Normally in the Firebase console, you can only filter your events by a single user property value. This allows you to
	# filter the property of an event (in this case the "score" value of the "round_completed" event) by a range of user
	# property values

	SELECT
	AVG(score)
	FROM (
	SELECT
	event_name,
	param.value.int_value AS score,
	CAST(user_prop.value.string_value AS int64) AS xp
	FROM
	`<dataset>.events_<date>`,
	UNNEST(event_params) AS param,
	UNNEST(user_properties) AS user_prop
	WHERE
	event_name = "round_completed"
	AND param.key = "score"
	AND user_prop.key = "xp" )
	WHERE
	xp > 15000
	AND xp < 25000
	# standardSQL

	# Suppose we want a side-by-side comparison of an event parameter (in this case "score") by two different user properties
	# (in this case, is_spender and how many power-ups they have). This is how you'd do it. Note that the case statement
	# at the top isn't really necessary if you have a user property that doesn't have too many values.


	SELECT
	AVG(score) AS avg_score,
	spender,
	CASE
	WHEN powers < 20 THEN 'few_powers'
	ELSE 'many_powers'
	END AS powers_txt
	FROM (
	SELECT
	event_name,
	(SELECT value.int_value FROM UNNEST(event_params) WHERE key = "score") AS score,
	(SELECT value.string_value FROM UNNEST(user_properties) WHERE key = "is_spender") AS spender,
	(SELECT CAST(value.string_value AS int64) FROM UNNEST(user_properties) WHERE key = "powers") AS powers
	FROM
	`<dataset>.events_<date>`
	WHERE
	event_name = "round_completed" )
	GROUP BY
	spender,
	powers_txt
	ORDER BY
	spender,
	powers_txt
	#standardSQL

	# See what trio of events are leading up to a desired event within your app!
	# Make sure you replace "spend_virtual_currency" down near the bottom there with the actual
	# event you're trying to target

	SELECT
	s0,
	s1,
	s2,
	COUNT(*) AS count
	FROM (
	SELECT
	user_pseudo_id,
	event_timestamp,
	event_name AS s0,
	LEAD (event_name, 1) OVER (PARTITION BY user_pseudo_id ORDER BY event_timestamp) AS s1,
	LEAD (event_name, 2) OVER (PARTITION BY user_pseudo_id ORDER BY event_timestamp) AS s2
	FROM
	`<dataset>.events_<date>`
	ORDER BY
	user_pseudo_id,
	event_timestamp )
	WHERE
	s2 = "spend_virtual_currency"
	GROUP BY
	s0,
	s1,
	s2
	ORDER BY
	count DESC
	#standardSQL

	# Using the new "screen_view" event being tracked by Google Analytics for Firebase, can we figure out what the most
	# common triplets of "screen progressions" are through our app?

	SELECT
	screen_0,
	screen_1,
	screen_2,
	COUNT(*) AS count
	FROM (
	SELECT
	user_pseudo_id,
	event_timestamp,
	param.value.string_value AS screen_0,
	LEAD (param.value.string_value, 1) OVER (PARTITION BY user_pseudo_id ORDER BY event_timestamp ) AS screen_1,
	LEAD (param.value.string_value, 2) OVER (PARTITION BY user_pseudo_id ORDER BY event_timestamp ) AS screen_2
	FROM
	`<dataset>.events_<date>`,
	UNNEST(event_params) AS param
	WHERE
	event_name = "screen_view"
	AND param.key = "firebase_screen_class"
	ORDER BY
	user_pseudo_id,
	event_timestamp )
	WHERE
	screen_1 IS NOT NULL
	AND screen_2 IS NOT NULL
	GROUP BY
	screen_0,
	screen_1,
	screen_2
	ORDER BY
	count DESC
	#standardSQL

	# A closed funnel with time constraints!
	# Count the number of occurrences a user encountered a "start_event" event, and then the number of times
	# they encountered an "end_event" event after encountering the start event within a certain time window (4
	# hours, in this example.)

	SELECT
	COUNTIF(funnel_start_time IS NOT NULL) AS funnel_begin_count,
	COUNTIF(funnel_end_time - funnel_start_time < 4 * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000) AS funnel_end_count
	FROM (
	SELECT
	funnel_start_time,
	LEAD(funnel_end_time, 1) OVER (PARTITION BY user_pseudo_id ORDER BY event_timestamp) AS funnel_end_time
	FROM (
	SELECT
	event_name,
	IF (event_name = "start_event",
	event_timestamp,
	NULL) AS funnel_start_time,
	IF (event_name = "end_event",
	event_timestamp,
	NULL) AS funnel_end_time,
	user_pseudo_id,
	event_timestamp
	FROM
	# `<dataset>.events_<date>`
	WHERE
	event_name = "start_event"
	OR event_name = "end_event"
	AND _TABLE_SUFFIX BETWEEN '<yyyymmdd>'
	AND '<yyyymmdd>'
	ORDER BY
	user_pseudo_id,
	event_timestamp) )

	Apache License
	Version 2.0, January 2004
	http://www.apache.org/licenses/

	TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

	1. Definitions.

	"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
	and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.

	"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
	the copyright owner that is granting the License.

	"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
	other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
	control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
	"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
	direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
	otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
	outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.

	"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
	exercising permissions granted by this License.

	"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
	including but not limited to software source code, documentation
	source, and configuration files.

	"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
	transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
	not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
	and conversions to other media types.

	"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
	Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
	copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
	(an example is provided in the Appendix below).

	"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
	form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
	editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
	represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
	of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
	separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
	the Work and Derivative Works thereof.

	"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
	the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
	to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
	submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
	or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
	the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
	means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
	to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
	communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
	and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
	Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
	excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
	designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."

	"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
	on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
	subsequently incorporated within the Work.

	2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
	this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
	worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
	copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
	publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
	Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.

	3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
	this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
	worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
	(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
	use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
	where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
	by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
	Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
	with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
	institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
	cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
	or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
	or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
	granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
	as of the date such litigation is filed.

	4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
	Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
	modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
	meet the following conditions:

	(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
	Derivative Works a copy of this License; and

	(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
	stating that You changed the files; and

	(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
	that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
	attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
	excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
	the Derivative Works; and

	(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
	distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
	include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
	within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
	pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
	of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
	as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
	documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
	within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
	wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
	of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
	do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
	notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
	or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
	that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
	as modifying the License.

	You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
	may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
	for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
	for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
	reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
	the conditions stated in this License.

	5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
	any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
	by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
	this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
	Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
	the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
	with Licensor regarding such Contributions.

	6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
	names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
	except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
	origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.

	7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
	agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
	Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
	implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
	of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
	PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
	appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
	risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.

	8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
	whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
	unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
	negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
	liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
	incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
	result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
	Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
	work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
	other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
	has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

	9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
	the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
	and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
	or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
	License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
	on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
	of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
	defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
	incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
	of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.

	END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

	APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.

	To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
	boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
	replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
	the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
	comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
	file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
	same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
	identification within third-party archives.

	Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]

	Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	You may obtain a copy of the License at

	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

	Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	limitations under the License.