可播种的随机数生成器 xoshiro128**。如果只是为了生成随机 uint32 整数的话，Python 自带的 random.randint、random.randbytes 和 os.urandom 比它都快上不少。

xoshiro128ss.py

import ctypes

class Xoshiro128ss:
    def __init__(self, a: int, b: int, c: int, d: int):
        self.s = tuple(ctypes.c_uint32(x) for x in (a, b, c, d))
        self.t = ctypes.c_uint32()
        self.r = ctypes.c_uint32()

    def randInt(self) -> int:
        s0, s1, s2, s3 = self.s
        t = self.t
        r = self.r
        t.value = s1.value << 9
        r.value = s1.value * 5
        s2.value ^= s0.value
        s3.value ^= s1.value
        s1.value ^= s2.value
        s0.value ^= s3.value
        s2.value ^= t.value
        s3.value = s3.value << 11 | s3.value >> 21
        return ((r.value << 7 | r.value >> 25) * 9) & 0xFFFFFFFF

    def randFloat(self) -> float:
        return self.randInt() / 0xFFFFFFFF

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import os
    import random
    import time
    import typing

    x = Xoshiro128ss(1, 2, 3, 4)
    for i in range(10):
        print(x.randInt())
    for i in range(10):
        print(x.randFloat())

    def wrapperPerfCounter(fn: typing.Callable):
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            ts = time.perf_counter()
            ret = fn(*args, **kwargs)
            te = time.perf_counter()
            print(fn.__name__, te - ts)
            return ret
        return wrapper

    @wrapperPerfCounter
    def benchXoshiro128ss(times: int):
        x = Xoshiro128ss(
            int(time.time()) ^ 0x67452301,
            int(time.time()) ^ 0xEFCDAB89,
            int(time.time()) ^ 0x98BADCFE,
            int(time.time()) ^ 0x10325476,
        )
        for _ in range(times):
            x.randInt()

    @wrapperPerfCounter
    def benchRandint(times: int):
        for _ in range(times):
            random.randint(0, 0xFFFFFFFF)

    @wrapperPerfCounter
    def benchRandbytes(times: int):
        for _ in range(times):
            int.from_bytes(random.randbytes(4), 'big')

    @wrapperPerfCounter
    def benchUrandom(times: int):
        for _ in range(times):
            int.from_bytes(os.urandom(4), 'big')

    for bench in (
        benchXoshiro128ss,
        benchRandint,
        benchRandbytes,
        benchUrandom,
    ):
        bench(10000000)

    # Speed of generating random uint32
    # xoshiro128ss: 1.0x (baseline)
    # random.randint: 2.0x
    # random.randbytes: 4.5x
    # os.urandom: 6.1x