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| <h1 class="title">grpc-go 源代码阅读笔记</h1> | |
| <div id="table-of-contents"> | |
| <h2>Table of Contents</h2> | |
| <div id="text-table-of-contents"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="#org551e90a">1. 为什么读？</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#org4c1c51a">2. 如何读？</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#org043581e">3. 阅读笔记</a> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="#org8d66da5">3.1. 补充的基础知识</a> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="#orgcc03a42">3.1.1. http/2</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#orgbce30ec">3.1.2. grpc 如何利用 http/2</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </li> | |
| <li><a href="#org72c3c12">3.2. attributes</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#orga485092">3.3. backoff</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#org214c326">3.4. balancer</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#orgdb2c1e7">3.5. benchmark</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#org4806d57">3.6. binlog</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#org77f0752">3.7. channelz</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#org8dd36d3">3.8. cmd</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#org8856af6">3.9. codes</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#org24d3a58">3.10. connectivity</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#org0f872e1">3.11. credentials</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#org9063d6f">3.12. encoding</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#orgda997c7">3.13. examples</a> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="#org9d3b898">3.13.1. auth</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#orgddaf806">3.13.2. cancelation</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#orge8a38e4">3.13.3. compression</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#org4182172">3.13.4. deadline</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </li> | |
| <li><a href="#orgd97abd8">3.14. Serve</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#orge1bd248">3.15. RegisterService</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#org44c5952">3.16. channelz</a></li> | |
| <li><a href="#org541402b">3.17. Invoke</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org551e90a" class="outline-2"> | |
| <h2 id="org551e90a"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> 为什么读？</h2> | |
| <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1"> | |
| <p> | |
| 因为无聊。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org4c1c51a" class="outline-2"> | |
| <h2 id="org4c1c51a"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> 如何读？</h2> | |
| <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2"> | |
| <p> | |
| 主要是看框架做了什么，没有做什么，从而推断「为什么这样做」，如果难以推断，可以跟别的框架比较，我选择了 <a href="https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin">gin</a> （虽然它是一个 http 框架）。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org043581e" class="outline-2"> | |
| <h2 id="org043581e"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> 阅读笔记</h2> | |
| <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3"> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org8d66da5" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="org8d66da5"><span class="section-number-3">3.1</span> 补充的基础知识</h3> | |
| <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-1"> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-orgcc03a42" class="outline-4"> | |
| <h4 id="orgcc03a42"><span class="section-number-4">3.1.1</span> http/2</h4> | |
| <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-3-1-1"> | |
| <p> | |
| http/2 通过 frames 传递信息。总的来说就是把 request 化整为零了，这样多个 request 并发的时候，小的 request 不会被大的 request 阻塞（几个 request 按大小分成不同数量的 frame 然后轮换发送 frame，这样小请求会先发完）。 | |
| </p> | |
| <p> | |
| 流控制为每个 stream 留下配额，防止某个 steam 发太多把 tcp buffer 打爆。 | |
| </p> | |
| <p> | |
| 还有更智能的 proxy，总的来说就是新增的 request 不需要新增对应数量的连接，并且 http/2 保证使用 stream 更均匀地分布在 connection 中。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-orgbce30ec" class="outline-4"> | |
| <h4 id="orgbce30ec"><span class="section-number-4">3.1.2</span> grpc 如何利用 http/2</h4> | |
| <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-3-1-2"> | |
| <p> | |
| 引入的新概念： | |
| </p> | |
| <ol class="org-ol"> | |
| <li>channel</li> | |
| <li>remote procedure call(rpc)</li> | |
| <li>message</li> | |
| </ol> | |
| <p> | |
| 每个 channel 有多个 rpc，每个 rpc 有多个 message。 | |
| </p> | |
| <p> | |
| 这三个概念跟 http/2 的关系： | |
| </p> | |
| <ol class="org-ol"> | |
| <li>channel 是虚拟的 connection，一个 channel 背后可能有许多个 http/2 connections。</li> | |
| <li>RPC 其实对应 http/2 stream。</li> | |
| <li>message 是 http/2 frame 之上的概念，可能多个 message 构成一个 http/2 frame，可能一个 message 分割成多个 http/2 frame.</li> | |
| </ol> | |
| <p> | |
| gRPC 连接管理的原则：如果 connection 失败了，那么 lb 会尝试用已知的地址中重连，resolver 会重新解析地址，更新可用地址列表。 | |
| </p> | |
| <p> | |
| 失败 connection 的鉴别，失败分两种，一种是通过 FIN handshake 的 clean failure， 这种情况下， http/2 和 gRPC 都不用干什么。 | |
| </p> | |
| <p> | |
| 如果是 endpoint 挂掉或者阻塞，导致不断重试的情况，gRPC 不会收到 FIN，所以，如果配置了 KeepAlive，gRPC 通过周期性发送 http/2 PING frame 判断 endpoint 的存活性（确保了 connection 的健康）。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org72c3c12" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="org72c3c12"><span class="section-number-3">3.2</span> attributes</h3> | |
| <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-2"> | |
| <p> | |
| 就是一个 key value 存储，没啥特别的，都不知道为什么要搞这个东西。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-orga485092" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="orga485092"><span class="section-number-3">3.3</span> backoff</h3> | |
| <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-3"> | |
| <p> | |
| 定义了重试的方案，见<a href="https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/doc/connection-backoff.md">这个文档</a>。 | |
| </p> | |
| <p> | |
| backoff 其实用来生成重试的 deadline （这个时间也是下一轮重试的时间）。 | |
| </p> | |
| <p> | |
| 没一轮的 backoff 会乘一个因子（直到到达 MAX_BACKOFF）,下一轮的 deadline 会在 [(1 - JITTER) * current_backoff, (1 + JITTER) * current_backoff] 之间生成（当然也有一个上限）。 | |
| </p> | |
| <p> | |
| 收到 SETTINGS frames 的时候，重设 backoff. | |
| </p> | |
| <p> | |
| 然而代码只是定义了一些变量而已。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org214c326" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="org214c326"><span class="section-number-3">3.4</span> balancer</h3> | |
| <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-4"> | |
| <p> | |
| 实验性质的内容，所以暂时跳过了。其实跟上面 http/2 那两篇 blog 有更紧密的联系。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-orgdb2c1e7" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="orgdb2c1e7"><span class="section-number-3">3.5</span> benchmark</h3> | |
| <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-5"> | |
| <p> | |
| 看不出这是外部用的还是内部用的。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org4806d57" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="org4806d57"><span class="section-number-3">3.6</span> binlog</h3> | |
| <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-6"> | |
| <p> | |
| 这是一个 pb，但是不知道生成的 proto，暂时不知道用处。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org77f0752" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="org77f0752"><span class="section-number-3">3.7</span> channelz</h3> | |
| <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-7"> | |
| <p> | |
| 这是一个收集统计数据的功能，但是好好奇只有 get 的接口。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org8dd36d3" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="org8dd36d3"><span class="section-number-3">3.8</span> cmd</h3> | |
| <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-8"> | |
| <p> | |
| 跳过。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org8856af6" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="org8856af6"><span class="section-number-3">3.9</span> codes</h3> | |
| <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-9"> | |
| <p> | |
| 定义了各种错误码。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org24d3a58" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="org24d3a58"><span class="section-number-3">3.10</span> connectivity</h3> | |
| <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-10"> | |
| <p> | |
| 定义了一组关于连接状态的常量和 Reporter 接口（谁在调？）。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org0f872e1" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="org0f872e1"><span class="section-number-3">3.11</span> credentials</h3> | |
| <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-11"> | |
| <p> | |
| 鉴权不想看。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org9063d6f" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="org9063d6f"><span class="section-number-3">3.12</span> encoding</h3> | |
| <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-12"> | |
| <p> | |
| 跳过。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-orgda997c7" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="orgda997c7"><span class="section-number-3">3.13</span> examples</h3> | |
| <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-13"> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org9d3b898" class="outline-4"> | |
| <h4 id="org9d3b898"><span class="section-number-4">3.13.1</span> auth</h4> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-orgddaf806" class="outline-4"> | |
| <h4 id="orgddaf806"><span class="section-number-4">3.13.2</span> cancelation</h4> | |
| <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-3-13-2"> | |
| <p> | |
| 主要学到了 context.WithTimeout (顺带一提，它其实是通过 WithDeadline 来实现的) 的用法——它会返回一个 Context 和一个 Cancel 函数，调用该 Cancel 函数，所有与该 Context 相关的资源都应该被释放。 | |
| </p> | |
| <p> | |
| 顺着这里，我去看了 context 的文档。但我依然不明白为什么要这样设计 context。 | |
| </p> | |
| <p> | |
| 而且有了一个新问题：为什么在 client 端 cancel，可以影响到 server 端？我觉得是很秒的设计。这个问题将我引向 Invoke。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-orge8a38e4" class="outline-4"> | |
| <h4 id="orge8a38e4"><span class="section-number-4">3.13.3</span> compression</h4> | |
| <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-3-13-3"> | |
| <p> | |
| 这里的奇妙之处在于只需要 client 端处理，但是 server 端是不需要加特殊的设置的，一切尽在 options 中。所以重要的其实在 invoke 函数中。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org4182172" class="outline-4"> | |
| <h4 id="org4182172"><span class="section-number-4">3.13.4</span> deadline</h4> | |
| <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-3-13-4"> | |
| <p> | |
| 这个其实就是 <code>context.WithTimeout</code> 的教学关。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-orgd97abd8" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="orgd97abd8"><span class="section-number-3">3.14</span> Serve</h3> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-orge1bd248" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="orge1bd248"><span class="section-number-3">3.15</span> RegisterService</h3> | |
| <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-15"> | |
| <p> | |
| 没啥出奇的，就是 reflect 的操作比较娴熟。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org44c5952" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="org44c5952"><span class="section-number-3">3.16</span> channelz</h3> | |
| <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-16"> | |
| <p> | |
| 看<a href="https://grpc.io/blog/a-short-introduction-to-channelz/">这里</a>。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="outline-container-org541402b" class="outline-3"> | |
| <h3 id="org541402b"><span class="section-number-3">3.17</span> Invoke</h3> | |
| <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-17"> | |
| <p> | |
| <code>Invoke</code> 实际上负责调用函数。 | |
| </p> | |
| <div class="org-src-container"> | |
| <label class="org-src-name"><span class="listing-number">Listing 1: </span>Invoke 的函数签名</label><pre class="src src-go">func (cc *ClientConn) Invoke(ctx context.Context, method string, args, reply interface{}, opts ...CallOption) error | |
| </pre> | |
| </div> | |
| <p> | |
| 这里有一个函数： | |
| </p> | |
| <div class="org-src-container"> | |
| <pre class="src src-go">func combine(o1 []CallOption, o2 []CallOption) []CallOption { | |
| // we don't use append because o1 could have extra capacity whose | |
| // elements would be overwritten, which could cause inadvertent | |
| // sharing (and race conditions) between concurrent calls | |
| if len(o1) == 0 { | |
| return o2 | |
| } else if len(o2) == 0 { | |
| return o1 | |
| } | |
| ret := make([]CallOption, len(o1)+len(o2)) | |
| copy(ret, o1) | |
| copy(ret[len(o1):], o2) | |
| return ret | |
| } | |
| </pre> | |
| </div> | |
| <p> | |
| 值得研究一下在并发情况下会有什么问题。 | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="postamble" class="status"> | |
| <p class="author">Author: dante zhang</p> | |
| <p class="date">Created: 2020-06-27 六 13:10</p> | |
| <p class="validation"><a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer">Validate</a></p> | |
| </div> | |
| </body> | |
| </html> |
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