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July 2, 2018 13:26
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# include <iostream> | |
# include <string> | |
# include <fstream> | |
# include <vector> | |
# include <algorithm> | |
# include <exception> | |
# include <sstream> | |
using namespace std; | |
//adding function to the ostream and istream | |
// | |
//ostream &rightArrow(ostream &output)//remember ostream | |
//{ | |
// output << "cool name man ----> "; | |
// return output; | |
//} | |
// | |
//istream &getname(istream &input)//remember istream | |
//{ | |
// cout << "enter your name please" << endl; | |
// return input; | |
//} | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// string name; | |
// cin >> getname >> name; | |
// cout << rightArrow << name<<endl; | |
//} | |
////stringstream | |
//# include <sstream> | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// string number = "44"; | |
// | |
// stringstream a; | |
// a << number; | |
// int input; | |
// a >> input; | |
// cout << input << endl; | |
// cout << ++input << endl; | |
// cout << number+"2" << endl; | |
//} | |
//string processing | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// string a = "Ahmed Khaled"; | |
// cout << a << endl; | |
// | |
// a.append(" Mohamed"); | |
// cout << a << endl; | |
// | |
// a.insert(0, "my name is "); | |
// cout << a << endl; | |
// | |
// cout << a.substr(11)<<endl; //to substring the string from the passing number | |
// | |
// a.erase(0,11); //to delete astring | |
// cout << a << endl; | |
// | |
//} | |
// | |
////auto Flags | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// auto flag = ios::showpoint ; | |
// cout.flags(flag); | |
// cout << 12.14 << endl; | |
// cout << 145.14 << endl; | |
// cout << 5478.542 << endl; | |
//} | |
//polymorphism | |
//class Person | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// virtual void display() | |
// { | |
// cout << "Hi from person " << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//class Student : public Person | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// void display() | |
// { | |
// cout << "Hi from Studnet" << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//class Formal :public Person | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// void display() | |
// { | |
// cout << "Hi from Former" << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//void whoareyou(Person &a) | |
//{ | |
// a.display(); | |
//} | |
// | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// Formal a; | |
// Student s; | |
// whoareyou(s); | |
//} | |
////operator overloading | |
//class H | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// int a; | |
// H(int f) | |
// { | |
// a = f; | |
// } | |
// | |
// void display() | |
// { | |
// cout << a << endl; | |
// } | |
// | |
// H operator+=(H f) | |
// { | |
// this->a += f.a ; | |
// return *this; | |
// } | |
// | |
//}; | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// H a(5); | |
// a.display(); | |
// a += 5; | |
// a.display(); | |
//} | |
//operator overloading ++ and -- | |
//class ASD | |
//{ | |
// int name; | |
//public: | |
// ASD(int n) | |
// { | |
// name = n; | |
// } | |
// void display() | |
// { | |
// cout << " name num is : " << name << endl; | |
// } | |
// | |
// ASD operator++() | |
// { | |
// name += 1; | |
// return *this; // to return the object | |
// } | |
// | |
// ASD operator--() | |
// { | |
// name -= 1; | |
// return *this; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// ASD a(85); | |
// a.display(); | |
// ++a; | |
// a.display(); | |
// --a; | |
// a.display(); | |
// | |
//} | |
//operator overloading overloading braces () | |
//class asd | |
//{ | |
//private: | |
// int mark; | |
//public: | |
// asd(int m) | |
// { | |
// cout << "constructor is called" << endl; | |
// mark = m; | |
// } | |
// | |
// void whatisthat() | |
// { | |
// cout << "hey i got "<<mark<<" marks" << endl; | |
// } | |
// | |
// asd operator()(int mk) | |
// { | |
// cout << "operator is called " << endl; | |
// mark = mk; | |
// return *this; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// asd a(5); | |
// a.whatisthat(); | |
// a(44); | |
// a.whatisthat(); | |
//} | |
//inner class or nasted class | |
//class asd | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// string name; | |
// class asd2 | |
// { | |
// public: | |
// string address; | |
// int hno; | |
// }; | |
// asd2 a; | |
// void disp() | |
// { | |
// cout << name << " : " << a.address << " : " << a.hno << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// asd a; | |
// a.name = "Ahmed"; | |
// a.a.address = "Minia"; | |
// a.a.hno = 10; | |
// a.disp(); | |
//catch all the exceptions | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// try | |
// { | |
// throw "runtime error"; | |
// } | |
// catch (...) //that means all off exception or else exception than the upove | |
// { | |
// cout << "some error occured" << endl; | |
// } | |
//} | |
//inline key word in namespace | |
//namespace asd | |
//{ | |
// namespace a | |
// { | |
// void display() | |
// { | |
// cout << "i am the A name space " << endl; | |
// } | |
// } | |
// namespace b | |
// { | |
// void display() | |
// { | |
// cout << "i am the B name space " << endl; | |
// } | |
// } | |
// inline namespace c | |
// { | |
// void display() | |
// { | |
// cout << "i am the C name space " << endl; | |
// } | |
// } | |
//} | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// asd::display(); | |
//} | |
//simple exception handling | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// int a = 10, b = 0; | |
// int c ; | |
// try{ | |
// if (b == 0) | |
// throw "divade by zero error"; | |
// | |
// c = a / b; | |
// cout << c << endl; | |
// } | |
// catch (const char e[]) | |
// { | |
// cout << "Exception occured" << endl << e << endl; | |
// } | |
// | |
// | |
//} | |
//virtual class | |
//class Animal | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// int age; | |
// Animal() | |
// { | |
// cout << "am aconstructor of animal" << endl; | |
// } | |
// void walk() | |
// { | |
// cout << "animal walks " << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
// | |
//class Tiger :virtual public Animal | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// Tiger() | |
// { | |
// cout << "constructor of Tiger" << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//class Lion : virtual public Animal | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// Lion() | |
// { | |
// cout << "constructor of Lion" << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//class Liger : public Tiger, public Lion | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// Liger() | |
// { | |
// cout << "constructor of Liger" << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// Liger a; | |
// a.walk(); | |
//} | |
//Call Function from aderived class | |
//class Person | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// void introduce() | |
// { | |
// cout << "hey from person " << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
// | |
//class Student :public Person | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// void introduce() | |
// { | |
// cout << "hey from student" << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//void whoisthis(Person p) | |
//{ | |
// p.introduce(); | |
//} | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// Student a; | |
// a.introduce(); | |
// whoisthis(a); | |
//} | |
//call constructor from aderived class | |
//class Father | |
//{ | |
//protected: | |
// int height; | |
//public: | |
// Father() | |
// { | |
// cout << "constructor of Father is Called " << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//class Mother | |
//{ | |
//protected: | |
// string skincolor; | |
//public: | |
// Mother() | |
// { | |
// cout << "constructor of Mother is Called " << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//class Child : public Father , public Mother | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// Child(int x, string color) : Father(), Mother() | |
// { | |
// height = x; | |
// skincolor = color; | |
// cout << "child class Constructor" << endl; | |
// } | |
// void display() | |
// { | |
// cout << "heigth is : " << height << " and skincolor is "<<skincolor << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// Child a(24,"white"); | |
// a.display(); | |
//} | |
////Virtual | |
//class Person | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// virtual void introduce() | |
// { | |
// cout << "hi from person " << endl; | |
// } | |
// | |
//}; | |
// | |
//class Student :public Person | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// void introduce() | |
// { | |
// cout << " hi from student " << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
// | |
//class Gstudent : public Student | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// void introduce() | |
// { | |
// cout << " hi from Graduated student " << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//void whoisthis(Person &p) //virtual function | |
//{ | |
// p.introduce(); | |
//} | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// Person a; | |
// Student s; | |
// Gstudent d; | |
// | |
// whoisthis(a); | |
// whoisthis(s); | |
// whoisthis(d); | |
//} | |
//static key word | |
//void display() | |
//{ | |
// static int counter = 0; | |
// cout << "display function called " <<++counter << " time"<< endl; | |
//} | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// display(); | |
// display(); | |
// display(); | |
// display(); | |
// display(); | |
// display(); | |
// display(); | |
//} | |
//pure virtual function | |
//class Person | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// virtual void introduce() =0; | |
// | |
//}; | |
// | |
//void Person::introduce() | |
//{ | |
// cout << "hi from person" << endl; | |
//} | |
// | |
//class Student :public Person | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// void introduce() | |
// { | |
// cout << "hi iam astudent " << endl; | |
// Person::introduce(); | |
// } | |
// | |
//}; | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// Student a; | |
// a.introduce(); | |
//} | |
//protected in class | |
//class Person | |
//{ | |
//protected : | |
// string name; | |
//public: | |
// void setname(string name) | |
// { | |
// this->name = name; | |
// } | |
// | |
//}; | |
// | |
//class Student : public Person | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// void display() | |
// { | |
// cout << name << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// Student a; | |
// a.setname("ahmed"); | |
// a.display(); | |
//} | |
//copy constructors | |
//class Person | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// string *name; | |
// int age; | |
// Person(string name, int age) | |
// { | |
// this->name = new string(name); | |
// this->age = age; | |
// } | |
// | |
// Person(const Person &p) | |
// { | |
// name = new string(*p.name); | |
// age = p.age; | |
// cout << "copy constructor is called " << endl; | |
// } | |
// | |
// void changeNameandAge(string name, int age) | |
// { | |
// *(this->name) = name; | |
// this->age = age; | |
// } | |
// | |
// void introduce() | |
// { | |
// cout << "hey i am " << *name << " and i am " << age << " years old" << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// Person a("ahmed", 20); | |
// a.introduce(); | |
// | |
// Person d=a; | |
// d.introduce(); | |
// | |
// a.changeNameandAge("ahmed khaled", 222); | |
// a.introduce(); | |
// d.introduce(); | |
//} | |
//some iomanip default | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// cout.precision(5); | |
// cout << 123.456 << endl; | |
// | |
// cout.fill('*'); | |
// cout.width(10); | |
// cout << "hi" << endl; | |
// cout.width(10); | |
// cout << "my" << endl; | |
// | |
// cout.setf(ios::left); | |
// cout.width(10); | |
// cout << "hi" << endl; | |
// cout.width(10); | |
// cout << "my" << endl; | |
//} | |
////predefined macros | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// /* | |
// __LINE__ | |
// __FILE__ | |
// __DATE__ | |
// __TIME__ | |
// __cplusplus | |
// */ | |
// | |
// cout << "current line is : "<<__LINE__ << endl; | |
// cout << "current file is : " << __FILE__ << endl; | |
// cout << "date is : " << __DATE__ << endl; | |
// cout << "Time is : "<<__TIME__ << endl; | |
// cout << "standatrd c++ confirming : " << __cplusplus << endl; | |
// | |
//#line 1000 "ahmed.txt" | |
// cout << "current line is : " << __LINE__ << endl; | |
// cout << "current file is : " << __FILE__ << endl; | |
//} | |
//overiding maters of derived class | |
//class Person | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// void introduce() | |
// { | |
// cout << "hi iam aperson" << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//class Student :public Person | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// void introduce() | |
// { | |
// cout << "hi iam a student" << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// Student a; | |
// a.introduce(); | |
//} | |
//operator overloading | |
//class Mark | |
//{ | |
//private : | |
// int inmark; | |
// int exmark; | |
//public: | |
// Mark() | |
// { | |
// inmark = 0; | |
// exmark = 0; | |
// } | |
// | |
// Mark(int im, int em) | |
// { | |
// inmark = im; | |
// exmark = em; | |
// } | |
// | |
// void display() | |
// { | |
// cout << inmark << endl << exmark << endl; | |
// } | |
// | |
// Mark operator++() | |
// { | |
// Mark temp; | |
// temp.inmark = inmark + 10; | |
// temp.exmark = exmark + 10; | |
// return temp; | |
// } | |
// | |
//}; | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// Mark m1(10,20); | |
// | |
// Mark m3 = m1++; | |
// m3.display(); | |
// | |
//} | |
//default constructor with and without parameter | |
//class asd | |
//{ | |
//private: | |
// string name; | |
// | |
//public: | |
// asd() | |
// { | |
// name = "noname"; | |
// cout << "consttructor !1" << endl; | |
// } | |
// asd(string a) | |
// { | |
// name = a; | |
// cout << "constructor !2" << endl; | |
// } | |
// void display() | |
// { | |
// cout << "your name is :"<<name << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// asd a; | |
// a.display(); | |
// asd a("ahmed"); | |
// a.display(); | |
//} | |
//nested try catch | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// try | |
// { | |
// try | |
// { | |
// throw "a character exception" ; | |
// } | |
// catch (const char *e) | |
// { | |
// cout << "character type in inner block -->" << e << endl; | |
// throw; | |
// } | |
// | |
// } | |
// catch (const char *e) | |
// { | |
// cout << "character type in outer block" << e << endl; | |
// } | |
// catch (...) | |
// { | |
// cout << "unexpected type in outer block -->" << endl; | |
// } | |
// | |
// | |
//} | |
//name space and nasted namespaces | |
//namespace one | |
//{ | |
// int x ; | |
// namespace asd | |
// { | |
// void display() | |
// { | |
// cout << "X is "<<x << endl; | |
// } | |
// } | |
//} | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// one::x = 100; | |
// one::asd::display(); | |
//} | |
//Multiple inheritanse | |
//class Father | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// int height; | |
// void askFather() | |
// { | |
// cout << "am your father ask me what you want" << endl; | |
// } | |
// | |
// | |
//}; | |
// | |
//class Mother | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// string skincolor; | |
// void askMOther() | |
// { | |
// cout << "am your mother what you want" << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//class Child : public Mother, public Father | |
//{ | |
//public: | |
// void askParents() | |
// { | |
// cout << "am asking my parents " << endl; | |
// } | |
// void setcolorandheight(string icolor, int iheight) | |
// { | |
// skincolor = icolor; | |
// height = iheight; | |
// } | |
// | |
// void display() | |
// { | |
// cout << "height is " << height << "and color is " << skincolor << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// Child asd; | |
// asd.setcolorandheight("white", 6); | |
// asd.display(); | |
// asd.askFather(); | |
// asd.askMOther(); | |
//} | |
//the iomanip libary | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// cout << "hi" << endl; | |
// cout << hex << 100 << endl; // to write the number as hexadecimal | |
// | |
// cout << setw(10)<< "ahmed" << endl; | |
// cout << "shetty" << endl; | |
//} | |
////generic function & template function | |
//template<typename T>void display(T x, T y) | |
//{ | |
// cout << x << " and " << y << endl; | |
//} | |
// | |
//template<class T>T maxi(T x, T y) | |
//{ | |
// return (x >= y) ? x : y; | |
//} | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// display(20,30); | |
// display("ahmed", "khaled"); | |
// display(12.36, 56.78); | |
// | |
// cout << maxi(5,7) << endl; | |
// cout << maxi("ahmed", "khaled") << endl; | |
//} | |
//templates with class | |
//template <class Type1 , class Type2> | |
//class MyClass | |
//{ | |
//private: | |
// Type1 p1; | |
// Type2 p2; | |
// int counter; | |
// | |
//public: | |
// MyClass(Type1 x, Type2 y) | |
// { | |
// p1 = x; | |
// p2 = y; | |
// counter = 100; | |
// } | |
// | |
// void display() | |
// { | |
// cout << "i got p1 = " << p1 << " and p2 " << p2 << " and counter is " << counter << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// MyClass <int, string> asd1(5,"ahmed"); | |
// MyClass <float, float> asd2(22.36, 66.241); | |
// | |
// asd1.display(); | |
// asd2.display(); | |
// | |
//} | |
//Macros | |
//# define ABS(number) {(number<0) ? -number : number} | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// int a=ABS((-5)); | |
// cout << a << endl; | |
// | |
//} | |
//friend function | |
//class Human | |
//{ | |
//private: | |
// string name; | |
// int age; | |
//public: | |
// Human(string iname, int iage) | |
// { | |
// name = iname; | |
// age = iage; | |
// } | |
// void tellme() | |
// { | |
// cout << name << endl<<age<<endl; | |
// } | |
// friend void display(Human man); | |
//}; | |
// | |
//void display(Human man) | |
//{ | |
// cout << man.name << endl << man.age << endl; | |
//} | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// Human m("ahmed", 20); | |
// display(m); | |
// return 0; | |
//} | |
//tellp() tellg seekp() seekg() | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// fstream a("in.txt",ios::in | ios::out | ios::trunc); | |
// if (!a) | |
// { | |
// cout << "can't open" << endl; | |
// } | |
// else | |
// { | |
// cout << a.tellp() << endl; | |
// cout << a.tellg() << endl; | |
// a.seekp(2); | |
// cout << a.tellp() << endl; | |
// cout << a.tellg() << endl; | |
// } | |
//} | |
//constructor and destructor | |
//class Human | |
//{ | |
//private: | |
// string name; | |
// int age; | |
//public: | |
// Human(string iname, int iage) :name(iname), age(iage) | |
// {} | |
// | |
// void display() | |
// { | |
// cout << "hi i am "<<name<<" and i am "<<age<<"years old" << endl; | |
// } | |
// | |
// ~Human() | |
// { | |
// name = ""; | |
// age = 0; | |
// cout << "all memory are released :" << endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// Human a("ahmed", 20); | |
// a.display(); | |
//} | |
////#ifdef and #ifndef | |
//# define Ahmed 1 | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
//#ifdef Ahmed | |
// cout << "hi Ahmed" << endl; | |
//#endif | |
// | |
//#ifndef Ahmed //if not define | |
// cout << "who r u" << endl; | |
//# endif | |
// | |
//} | |
//file.write and write class object | |
//class student | |
//{ | |
//private: | |
// string name; | |
// int age; | |
//public: | |
// student() | |
// { | |
// name = ""; | |
// age = 0; | |
// } | |
// student(string name, int age) | |
// { | |
// this->name = name; | |
// this->age = age; | |
// } | |
// void show() | |
// { | |
// cout << "your name is :" << name <<endl<< "your age is " << age << endl<<endl; | |
// } | |
//}; | |
// | |
// | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// fstream a("File.txt", ios::in | ios::out ); | |
// if (!a.is_open()) | |
// { | |
// cout << "can't open this file::::" << endl; | |
// } | |
// else | |
// { | |
// student s1("ahmed", 20); | |
// //write the data to file | |
// a.write((char *)&s1, sizeof(student)); | |
// a.seekp(0); | |
// | |
// //read the data from the file | |
// student s2; | |
// a.read((char *)&s2, sizeof(student)); | |
// | |
// s1.show(); | |
// s2.show(); | |
// } | |
// | |
//} | |
//#define and #undef | |
//# define Name "Ahmed" | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// | |
//#ifdef Name | |
// cout << "your name is " << Name<<endl; | |
//#endif // Name | |
// | |
//#undef Name | |
// | |
//#ifdef Name | |
// cout << "your name is " << Name; | |
//#endif // Name | |
// | |
//} | |
//Exception handling------------------------ | |
//int main() | |
//{ | |
// int a, b, c; | |
// cin >> a >> b; | |
// | |
// try { | |
// if (b == 0) | |
// throw runtime_error("hi error"); | |
// c = a / b; | |
// cout << c << endl; | |
// } | |
// catch (runtime_error(&error)){ | |
// cout << "exception occured" << endl; | |
// cout << error.what()<<endl; | |
// } | |
// | |
// return 0; | |
//} |
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