cd <main-project-folder>
git clone --filter=blob:none --no-checkout --depth 1 --sparse <project-url>
cd <folder-from-git-clone>
git sparse-checkout add <folder1> <folder2> ...
git checkout
cd <main-project-folder>
git submodule add <project-url> <folder-from-git-clone>
You should see a message
Adding existing repo at '<folder-from-git-clone>' to the index
git submodule update <folder-from-git-clone>