Transparent OpenGL with Gtk+.

main.c

/* For details see: https://stackoverflow.com/a/58678719/3622514 */

#include <gtk/gtk.h>
#include <gdk/gdkscreen.h>
#include <gdk/gdkkeysyms.h>
#include <gtk/gtkgl.h>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>

static gboolean supports_alpha = FALSE;

/***
 *** Configure the OpenGL framebuffer.
***/
static GdkGLConfig* configure_gl(void)
{
    GdkGLConfig* glconfig;

    /* Try double-buffered visual */
    glconfig = gdk_gl_config_new_by_mode(GDK_GL_MODE_RGBA |
        GDK_GL_MODE_ALPHA |
        GDK_GL_MODE_DEPTH |
        GDK_GL_MODE_DOUBLE);
    if (glconfig == NULL)
    {
        printf("Cannot find the double-buffered visual.\n");
        printf("No appropriate OpenGL-capable visual found.\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    printf("Find GLConfig with alpha channel.\n");
    return glconfig;
}

static void screen_changed(GtkWidget* widget, GdkScreen* old_screen, gpointer userdata)
{
    /* To check if the display supports alpha channels, get the colormap */
    GdkScreen* screen = gtk_widget_get_screen(widget);
    GdkColormap* colormap = gdk_screen_get_rgba_colormap(screen);

    if (!colormap)
    {
        printf("Your screen does not support alpha channels!\n");
        colormap = gdk_screen_get_rgb_colormap(screen);
        supports_alpha = FALSE;
    }
    else
    {
        printf("Your screen supports alpha channels!\n");
        supports_alpha = TRUE;
    }

    gtk_widget_set_colormap(widget, colormap);
}

static gboolean expose(GtkWidget* widget, GdkEventExpose* event, gpointer userdata)
{
    GdkGLContext* glcontext = gtk_widget_get_gl_context(widget);
    GdkGLDrawable* gldrawable = gtk_widget_get_gl_drawable(widget);

    if (!gdk_gl_drawable_gl_begin(gldrawable, glcontext))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    glDrawBuffer(GL_BACK);

    glClearColor(0.5, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    gdk_gl_drawable_swap_buffers(gldrawable);

    gdk_gl_drawable_gl_end(gldrawable);
    return TRUE;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    gtk_init(&argc, &argv);

    GtkWidget* window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);

    /* Added to config GLConfig */
    GdkGLConfig* glconfig = configure_gl();
    gtk_widget_set_gl_capability(window,
        glconfig,
        NULL,
        TRUE,
        GDK_GL_RGBA_TYPE);

    gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER);
    gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 400, 400);
    gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Alpha Demo");
    g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "delete-event", gtk_main_quit, NULL);

    gtk_widget_set_app_paintable(window, TRUE);

    g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "expose-event", G_CALLBACK(expose), NULL);
    g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "screen-changed", G_CALLBACK(screen_changed), NULL);

    screen_changed(window, NULL, NULL);

    gtk_widget_show_all(window);
    gtk_main();

    return 0;
}