An implementation of Blackjack game using OOP (Udemy)

blackjack.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Tue Apr  6 19:36:36 2021

@author: Localuser
"""
    

import random

class Card:
    
    def __init__(self, suit, value):
        self._suit = suit
        self._value = value
        
    @property
    def suit(self):
        return self._suit
    
    @property
    def value(self):
        return self._value
        
    def show(self):
        print(f"{self._value} of {self._suit}")
    
    
class Deck:
    
    suits = ["Spades", "Clubs", "Diamonds", "Hearts"]
    
    def __init__(self):
        self._cards = []
        self.build()
        
    def build(self):
        for suit in Deck.suits:
            for value in range(1, 12):
                self._cards.append(Card(suit, value))
        
    def show(self):
        for card in self._cards:
            card.show()
            
    def shuffle(self):                                #Fisher-Yates algorithm
        for i in range(len(self._cards)-1, 0, -1):
            rand = random.randint(0, i)
            self._cards[i], self._cards[rand] = self._cards[rand], self._cards[i]
            
    def draw(self):
        if self._cards:
            return self._cards.pop()
        
        
class Player:
    
    def __init__(self, name, is_dealer=False):
        self._name = name
        self._hand = []
        self._is_dealer = is_dealer
        
    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name
    
    @property
    def is_dealer(self):
        return self._is_dealer
        
    def draw(self, deck):
        self._hand.append(deck.draw())
        return self
        
    def show_hand(self, reveal_card=False):
        if not self.is_dealer:
            for card in self._hand:
                card.show()
        else:
            for i in range(len(self._hand)-1):
                self._hand[i].show()
                
        if reveal_card:
            self._hand[-1].show()
        else:
            print("X")
                
            
    def discard(self):                                
            return self._hand.pop()
            
    def get_hand_value(self):
        value = 0
        for card in self._hand:
            value += card.value
        return value
    
        
                
class CardGame:
    
    INSTRUCTIONS = """\n | Welcome to our version of the Blackjack Game |
=================================================================================
The goal is to get as close to 21 as possible, without going over 21. 
Each card has a value and a suit. The values are added for the final result.

The game starts by dealing two cards to the player (you) and to the dealer.            
You are playing against the dealer. On each turn, you must choose if you
would like to take another card or stand to stop the game and see if you won.

The game ends if the total value of the player's hand goes over 21,
and if the total value of the hand is below 21, the game continues
until the player chooses to stand.

When the game ends or when the player chooses to stand,
the total value of each hand is calculated.  
The value that is closest to 21 without going over it wins the game.
If the total value is over 21, the player or dealer automatically lose the game.
=================================================================================
"""

    
    def __init__(self, deck, player, dealer):
        self.deck = deck
        self.player = player
        self.dealer = dealer
        self.start_game()
        
    def start_game(self):
        print(CardGame.INSTRUCTIONS)
        turn = 1
        
        self.deck.shuffle()
        
        self.player.draw(self.deck).draw(self.deck)    # method chaining to draw 2 cards
        self.dealer.draw(self.deck).draw(self.deck)
        
        while True:
            print(f"== Turn #{turn} ==")
            
            print("\nYour Hand is :")
            self.dealer.show_hand()
            
            print("\nThe Dealer's Hand is :")
            self.player.show_hand()
            
            if self.player.get_hand_value() > 21:
                print("\nThe total value of your hand is over 21")
                break
            elif self.player.get_hand_value() == 21:
                break
            choice = self.ask_choice()
            turn += 1
            
            if choice == 1:
                self.player.draw(self.deck)
            else:
                break
            
        player_hand = self.player.get_hand_value()
        print("\nValue - Your Hand:", player_hand)
        
        dealer_hand = self.dealer.get_hand_value()
        print("\nValue - Dealer's Hand:", dealer_hand)
        
        print("\nThe Dealer's Hand was:")
        self.dealer.show_hand(True)
        
        
        if player_hand > 21:
            print(f"\nYou lose, {self.player.name}. Please try again.")
            
        elif dealer_hand > 21 or player_hand == 21 or player_hand > dealer_hand:
            print(f"\nYou win, {self.player.name}! Congratulations.")
        elif player_hand < dealer_hand:
            print(f"\nYou lose, {self.player.name}. Please try again.")
        else:
            print("We have a tie")
            
            
    def ask_choice(self):
        print("\nWhat do you want to do?")
        print("1 - Ask for another card")
        print("2 - Stand")
        choice = int(input("Please enter your choice  (1 or 2) below: \n"))
            
        if choice == 1 or choice == 2:
            return choice
        else:
            print("The value of your choice is not valid. I'll assume you choose to stand")
            return 2
                
        
            
 
deck1 = Deck()
you = Player("Avi")
dealer = Player("Dealer", True)
    
game = CardGame(deck1, you, dealer)