Variables.go

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
)

// Always make sure to use the variables you have declared
// otherwise the build fails

// Whenevr you are declaring variables at the package level
// you cannot use the ```:=``` syntax
// you have to use the full declaration

// If the variable is at the package level and lower case, it is package scoped
// and any file in the same package can access that variable
var m int = 29

// M If the variable is at the package level and upper case
// it can be exported from the package and globally visible
var M int = 56

// Another best practice of declaring variables in Go is that
// the length of the varibale name should actually reflect the life of the variable
// Also keep the acronyms uppercase i.e, like URL and HTTPRequest

// Declaring multiple variables at once
var (
	firstName string = "Adithya Mahesh"
	lastName  string = "Bariki"
	age       int    = 25
)

func main() {
	// Block scoped
	var i int
	i = 72

	var j int = 72

	k := 42

	var l float32 = 72.96

	fmt.Printf("%v, %T\n", i, i)
	fmt.Printf("%v, %T\n", j, j)
	fmt.Printf("%v, %T\n", k, k)
	fmt.Printf("%v, %T\n", l, l)
	fmt.Printf("%v, %T\n", m, m)

	fmt.Println("Package level Scope(m)", m)
	var m int = 92
	fmt.Println("Function level Scope(m)", m)

	// You should explicitly convert the types in Go,
	// so that you are aware of the data loss as shown in the example
	var n int
	n = int(l)
	fmt.Printf("%v, %T\n", n, n)

	// You haveto  use `strconv` package to convert variables of any type to string
	// And Itoa() means Integer to ASCII
	var o string
	o = strconv.Itoa(n)
	fmt.Printf("%v, %T\n", o, o)
}