This script assigns newly launched elastic beanstalk instances to an elastic IP. It's triggered by a Cloudwatch Rule that gets triggered when a new instance transitions to the pending state. This script is intended be run as an AWS Lambda function.

associate-elastic-ip.js

const AWS = require('aws-sdk');
const ec2 = new AWS.EC2();
const PROD_ENV_NAME = 'my-prod-env-name';

// Example Event
// {
//   "version": "0",
//   "id": "ee376907-2647-4179-9203-343cfb3017a4",
//   "detail-type": "EC2 Instance State-change Notification",
//   "source": "aws.ec2",
//   "account": "123456789012",
//   "time": "2015-11-11T21:30:34Z",
//   "region": "us-east-1",
//   "resources": [
//     "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:instance/i-abcd1111"
//   ],
//   "detail": {
//     "instance-id": "i-abcd1111",
//     "state": "running"
//   }
// }

exports.handler = async (event) => {
  console.log("EVENT:", event);
  
  // The newly launched instance ID.
  const instanceId = event.detail['instance-id'];
  
  // Fetch info about the newly launched instance
  const result = await ec2.describeInstances({
    Filters: [ { Name: "instance-id", Values: [instanceId] } ]
  }).promise()
  
  // The instance details are buried in this object
  const instance = result.Reservations[0].Instances[0];
  const isAttached = instance.NetworkInterfaces.find(int => int.Association.IpOwnerId !== 'amazon');
  
  // Bail if the instance is already attached to another EIP
  if (isAttached) {
    console.log("This instance is already assigned to an elastic IP")
    return { statusCode: 200, body: '' }
  }
  
  // In elastic beanstalk, the instance name gets assigned to the enviroment name.
  // There is also an environment name tag, which could be used here.
  const name = instance.Tags.find(t => t.Key === 'Name').Value;
  
  // Only assign EIPs to production instances
  if (name !== PROD_ENV_NAME) {
    console.log('Not a production instance. Not assigning. Instance name:', name)
    return { statusCode: 200, body: ''}
  }
  
  // Get a list of elastic IP addresses
  const addresses = await ec2.describeAddresses().promise();
  
  // Filter out addresses already assigned to instances
  const availableAddresses = addresses.Addresses.filter(a => !a.NetworkInterfaceId);
  
  // Raise an error if we have no more available IP addresses
  if (availableAddresses.length === 0) {
    console.log("ERROR: no available ip addresses");
    return { statusCode: 400, body: JSON.stringify("ERROR: no available ip addresses") }
  }
  
  const firstAvail = availableAddresses[0]
  try {
    // Associate the instance to the address
    const result = await ec2.associateAddress({
      AllocationId: firstAvail.AllocationId,
      InstanceId: instanceId
    }).promise();
    
    console.log('allocation result', result)
    
    return { statusCode: 200, body: JSON.stringify('Associated IP address.') };
  } catch (err) {
      console.log("ERROR: ", err);
  }
};