Example: How to make some error classes extended Error object.

app.js

const {
  AppError,
  HogeError,
  FooError,
} = require("./AppError.js");

try {
  throw new HogeError("HogeError occurred");
} catch (e) {
  if (e instanceof HogeError) {
    console.log(`${e.name} caught!: "${e.message}"`);
  }
}

try {
  throw new FooError("FooError happened");
} catch (e) {
  if (e instanceof FooError) {
    console.log(`${e.name} caught!: "${e.message}"`);
  }
}

AppError.js

/** application error base */
module.exports.AppError = class AppError extends Error {
  constructor(message) {
    super(message);
    this.name = this.constructor.name
    Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
  }
};

//
// Derived application errors 
//

module.exports.HogeError = class HogeError extends this.AppError {
  constructor(message) {
    super(message);
  }
};

module.exports.FooError = class FooError extends this.AppError {
  constructor(message) {
    super(message);
  }
};