A comparison of formats used by routers in web frameworks

routers.md

Routers

Summary

Pattern	Number of frameworks	%
:id	23	57.5%
{id}	9	22.5%
<id>	5	12.5%
regex	2	0.50%
[id]	1	0.25%

Basic formats

Library	Basic format
Expressjs	/user/:id/:op?
Laravel	/user/{id}/{op?}
Rails	/user/:id(/:op)
Django	/user/<str:id>/(?P<str>\w+)
Angular	['/user', user.id, user.op]
ASP.NET	user/{id}/{op?}
Meteor	/user/:id/:op?
Spring	/user/:id/:op
PLAY	/user/:id/:op?
Vue	/user/:id/:op?
React.JS	/user/:id(/:op)
Flask	/user/<int:id>/<str:op>
Symfony	/user/{id}/{op?}
jQuery	/\/user\/([0-9]+)\/([\\w]+)/
Drupal	/user/{id}/{op}
Ember	/user/:id/:op
Fiber	/user/:id/:op
CakePHP	user/{id}/:op
Next.js	user/[id]/[[...op]]
FastAPI	user/{id}/{op}
Svelte	/user/:id/:op
Blazor	user/{id:int}/{op?}
Nuxt.js	/user/:id/:op?
Phoenix	/user/:id/:op
Fastify	/user/:id/:op
Deno	/user/:id/:op?
Preact	/user/:id/:op?
LitElement	/user/:id/:op?
Alpine.js	/user/:id/:op?
Semantic UI	/user/{id}/{op}
CherryPy	user/{id}/{op}
Koa	/user/:id/:op
Sails	/user/:id/:op?
CodeIgniter	/user/(:id)/(:op)
Deno	user/{id}/{op?}
Mojolicious	/user/:id/:op
Qt	/user/<arg>/<arg>
Crow	/user/<int>/<string>
Drogon	/user/<id>/<op>
CppCMS	/user/(\\d+)/(\\[a-z]+)

Notes:

1. Many frameworks don't support optional path parameters. In that case, multiple routes should be created.
2. CakePHP supports both {} and :

Segment Patterns

Expressjs Pattern	Matches
:id	match any
:id?	match optional
ab?cd	b is optional
ab+cd	one or more b
ab*cd	* matches anything
ab(cd)?e	cd is optional
/a/	a is a regex
/.*fly$/	.*fly$ is a regex

Laravel Pattern	Matches
{id}	match any
{id?}	match optional

Ruby on Rails	Matches
:id	match any
(/:op)	match optional

Django	Matches
<str:id>	match any
(?P<str>\w+)	match optional

Extra route constraints

Lavarel

Regex:

Route::get('/user/{name}', function ($name) {
    //
})->where('name', '[A-Za-z]+');

Registered constraints:

Route::get('/user/{id}/{name}', function ($id, $name) {
    //
})->whereNumber('id')->whereAlpha('name');

Named routes:

Route::get('/user/{id}/profile', function ($id) {
    //
})->name('profile');
// ...
$url = route('profile', ['id' => 1]);

Ruby on Rails

Regex:

get 'photos/:id', to: 'photos#show', constraints: { id: /[A-Z]\d{5}/ }

Django

Named routes:

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
]

Angular

Regex:

{
  matcher: (url) => {
    if (url.length === 1 && url[0].path.match(/^@[\w]+$/gm)) {
      return {
        consumed: url,
        posParams: {
          username: new UrlSegment(url[0].path.slice(1), {})
        }
      };
    }

    return null;
  },
  component: ProfileComponent
}

PLAY

Regex:

GET   /items/$id<[0-9]+>    controllers.Items.show(id: Long)

Vuejs

Regex:

const routes = [
  // /:orderId -> matches only numbers
  { path: '/:orderId(\\d+)' },
  // /:productName -> matches anything else
  { path: '/:productName' },
]

Repeatable params:

const routes = [
  // /:chapters -> matches /one, /one/two, /one/two/three, etc
  { path: '/:chapters+' },
  // /:chapters -> matches /, /one, /one/two, /one/two/three, etc
  { path: '/:chapters*' },
]

Flask

Optional:

@user.route('/<user_id>', defaults={'username': None})
@user.route('/<user_id>/<username>')
def show(user_id, username):
    pass

CakePHP

CakePHP accepts both {} and :.

Regex:

// Using fluent interface
$routes->connect(
    '/articles/{id}',
    ['controller' => 'Articles', 'action' => 'view'],
)
->setPatterns(['id' => '\d+'])
->setPass(['id']);

Parameters in the same segment:

$routes->connect(
    '/blog/{id}-{slug}', // For example, /blog/3-CakePHP_Rocks
    ['controller' => 'Blogs', 'action' => 'view']
)

Fastify

Multiple params per segment:

fastify.get('/example/at/:hour(^\\d{2})h:minute(^\\d{2})m', function (request, reply) {
  // curl ${app-url}/example/at/08h24m
  // hour === "08"
  // minute === "24"
  const { hour, minute } = request.params;
  // your code here
})

CodeIgniter

Regex:

$routes->get('products/([a-z]+)/(\d+)', 'Products::show/$1/id_$2');

Qt

Param types:

QHttpServer server;
server.route("/blog/<arg>/<arg>", [] (int year, int month) {
    return blogs_by_year_and_month(year, month);
});

Implementation that matches route and callable parameters: https://github.com/qt-labs/qthttpserver/blob/983e93c3b160c62e60b1755d075e959d4685d949/src/httpserver/qhttpserver.h#L77-L87