worldpop_buffer.py

import pandas as pd
import geopandas as gpd

"""
assume train_df, a pandas dataframe, exists with longitude and latitude columns
"""
# create geopandas dataframe
gpd_df = gpd.GeoDataFrame(train_df,
                          geometry = gpd.points_from_xy(train_df['longitude'], train_df['latitude']))

# approximately 10km radius
gpd_df['geometry_1km'] = gp_df['geometry'].apply(lambda x: x.buffer(0.1))