alchemycs/arduino.mk

## arduino.mk
#_______________________________________________________________________________
#
#                         edam's Arduino makefile
#_______________________________________________________________________________
#                                                                    version 0.4
#
# Copyright (C) 2011, 2012 Tim Marston <tim@ed.am>.
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
#
#_______________________________________________________________________________
#
#
# This is a general purpose makefile for use with Arduino hardware and
# software.  It works with the arduino-1.0 software release.  To download the
# latest version of this makefile, visit the following website, where you can
# also find more information and documentation on it's use.  The following text
# can only really be considered a reference to it's use.
#
#   http://ed.am/dev/make/arduino-mk
#
# This makefile can be used as a drop-in replacement for the Arduino IDE's
# build system.  To use it, save arduino.mk somewhere (I keep mine at
# ~/src/arduino.mk) and create a symlink to it in your project directory named
# "Makefile".  For example:
#
#   $ ln -s ~/src/arduino.mk Makefile
#
# The Arduino software (version 1.0 or later) is required.  If you are using
# Debian (or a derivative), type `apt-get install arduino`.  Otherwise, you
# will have to download the Arduino software manually from http://arduino.cc/.
# It is suggested that you install it at ~/opt/arduino if you are unsure.
#
# If you downloaded the Arduino software manually and unpacked it somewhere
# other than ~/opt/arduino, you will need to set up ARDUINODIR to be the path
# where you unpacked it.  (If unset, ARDUINODIR defaults to ~/opt/arduino and
# then /usr/share/arduino, in that order.)  You might be best to set this in
# your ~/.profile by adding something like this:
#
#   export ARDUINODIR=~/somewhere/arduino-1.0
#
# You will also need to set BOARD to the type of Arduino you're building for.
# Type `make boards` for a list of acceptable values.  You could set a default
# in your ~/.profile if you want, but it is suggested that you specify this at
# build time, especially if you work with different types of Arduino.  For
# example:
#
#   $ export BOARD=uno
#   $ make
#
# You may also need to set SERIALDEV if it is not detected correctly.
#
# The presence of a .ino (or .pde) file causes the arduino.mk to automatically
# determine values for SOURCES, TARGET and LIBRARIES.  Any .c, .cc and .cpp
# files in the project directory (or any "util" or "utility" subdirectories)
# are automatically included in the build and are scanned for Arduino libraries
# that have been #included. Note, there can only be one .ino (or .pde) file.
#
# Alternatively, if you want to manually specify build variables, create a
# Makefile that defines SOURCES and LIBRARIES and then includes arduino.mk.
# (There is no need to define TARGET).  Here is an example Makefile:
#
#   SOURCES := main.cc other.cc
#   LIBRARIES := EEPROM
#   include ~/src/arduino.mk
#
# Here is a complete list of configuration parameters:
#
# ARDUINODIR   The path where the Arduino software is installed on your system.
#
# ARDUINOCONST The Arduino software version, as an integer, used to define the
#              ARDUINO version constant. This defaults to 100 if undefined.
#
# AVRDUDECONF  The avrdude.conf to use. If undefined, this defaults to a guess
#              based on where the avrdude in use is. If empty, no avrdude.conf
#              is passed to avrdude (to the system default is used).
#
# AVRTOOLSPATH A space-separated list of directories to search in order when
#              looking for the avr build tools. This defaults to the system PATH
#              followed by subdirectories in ARDUINODIR if undefined.
#
# BOARD        Specify a target board type.  Run `make boards` to see available
#              board types.
#
# LIBRARIES    A list of Arduino libraries to build and include.  This is set
#              automatically if a .ino (or .pde) is found.
#
# SERIALDEV    The unix device name of the serial device that is the Arduino.
#              If unspecified, an attempt is made to determine the name of a
#              connected Arduino's serial device.
#
# SOURCES      A list of all source files of whatever language.  The language
#              type is determined by the file extension.  This is set
#              automatically if a .ino (or .pde) is found.
#
# TARGET       The name of the target file.  This is set automatically if a
#              .ino (or .pde) is found, but it is not necessary to set it
#              otherwise.
#
# This makefile also defines the following goals for use on the command line
# when you run make:
#
# all          This is the default if no goal is specified.  It builds the
#              target.
#
# target       Builds the target.
#
# upload       Uploads the last built target to an attached Arduino.
#
# clean        Deletes files created during the build.
#
# boards       Display a list of available board names, so that you can set the
#              BOARD environment variable appropriately.
#
# monitor      Start `screen` on the serial device.  This is meant to be an
#              equivalent to the Arduino serial monitor.
#
# size         Displays size information about the bulit target.
#
# <file>       Builds the specified file, either an object file or the target,
#              from those that that would be built for the project.
#_______________________________________________________________________________
#

ARDUINODIR=/Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Resources/Java
#BOARD=uno
#BOARD=leostick12
#BOARD=leostickv22

# default arduino software directory, check software exists
ifndef ARDUINODIR
ARDUINODIR := $(firstword $(wildcard ~/opt/arduino /usr/share/arduino))
endif
ifeq "$(wildcard $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt)" ""
$(error ARDUINODIR is not set correctly; arduino software not found)
endif

# default arduino version
ARDUINOCONST ?= 100

# default path for avr tools
ifndef AVRTOOLSPATH
AVRTOOLSPATH := $(subst :, , $(PATH))
AVRTOOLSPATH += $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools
AVRTOOLSPATH += $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/avr/bin
endif

# auto mode?
INOFILE := $(wildcard *.ino *.pde)
ifdef INOFILE
ifneq "$(words $(INOFILE))" "1"
$(error There is more than one .pde or .ino file in this directory!)
endif

# automatically determine sources and targeet
TARGET := $(basename $(INOFILE))
SOURCES := $(INOFILE) \
	$(wildcard *.c *.cc *.cpp) \
	$(wildcard $(addprefix util/, *.c *.cc *.cpp)) \
	$(wildcard $(addprefix utility/, *.c *.cc *.cpp))

# automatically determine included libraries
LIBRARIES := $(filter $(notdir $(wildcard $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/*)), \
	$(shell sed -ne "s/^ *\# *include *[<\"]\(.*\)\.h[>\"]/\1/p" $(SOURCES)))

endif

# no serial device? make a poor attempt to detect an arduino
SERIALDEVGUESS := 0
ifeq "$(SERIALDEV)" ""
SERIALDEV := $(firstword $(wildcard \
	/dev/ttyACM? /dev/ttyUSB? /dev/tty.usbserial* /dev/tty.usbmodem*))
SERIALDEVGUESS := 1
endif

# software
findsoftware = $(firstword $(wildcard $(addsuffix /$(1), $(AVRTOOLSPATH))))
CC := $(call findsoftware,avr-gcc)
CXX := $(call findsoftware,avr-g++)
LD := $(call findsoftware,avr-ld)
AR := $(call findsoftware,avr-ar)
OBJCOPY := $(call findsoftware,avr-objcopy)
AVRDUDE := $(call findsoftware,avrdude)
AVRSIZE := $(call findsoftware,avr-size)

# files
TARGET := $(if $(TARGET),$(TARGET),a.out)
OBJECTS := $(addsuffix .o, $(basename $(SOURCES)))
DEPFILES := $(patsubst %, .dep/%.dep, $(SOURCES))
ARDUINOCOREDIR := $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino
ARDUINOLIB := .lib/arduino.a
ARDUINOLIBLIBSDIR := $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries
ARDUINOLIBLIBSPATH := $(foreach lib, $(LIBRARIES), \
	$(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/$(lib)/ $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/$(lib)/utility/ )
ARDUINOLIBOBJS := $(foreach dir, $(ARDUINOCOREDIR) $(ARDUINOLIBLIBSPATH), \
	$(patsubst %, .lib/%.o, $(wildcard $(addprefix $(dir)/, *.c *.cpp))))
ifeq "$(AVRDUDECONF)" ""
ifeq "$(AVRDUDE)" "$(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avrdude"
AVRDUDECONF := $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.conf
else
AVRDUDECONF := $(wildcard $(AVRDUDE).conf)
endif
endif

# no board?
ifndef BOARD
ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "boards"
ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "clean"
$(error BOARD is unset.  Type 'make boards' to see possible values)
endif
endif
endif

# obtain board parameters from the arduino boards.txt file
BOARDS_FILE := $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt
BOARD_BUILD_MCU := \
	$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.mcu=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
BOARD_BUILD_FCPU := \
	$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.f_cpu=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
BOARD_BUILD_VARIANT := \
	$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.variant=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
BOARD_UPLOAD_SPEED := \
	$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).upload.speed=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
BOARD_UPLOAD_PROTOCOL := \
	$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).upload.protocol=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
BOARD_USB_VID := \
	$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.vid=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
BOARD_USB_PID := \
	$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.pid=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))

# invalid board?
ifeq "$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU)" ""
ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "boards"
ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "clean"
$(error BOARD is invalid.  Type 'make boards' to see possible values)
endif
endif
endif

# flags
CPPFLAGS := -Os -Wall -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
CPPFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
CPPFLAGS += -mmcu=$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU)
CPPFLAGS += -DF_CPU=$(BOARD_BUILD_FCPU) -DARDUINO=$(ARDUINOCONST)
CPPFLAGS += -DUSB_VID=$(BOARD_USB_VID) -DUSB_PID=$(BOARD_USB_PID)
CPPFLAGS += -I. -Iutil -Iutility -I $(ARDUINOCOREDIR)
CPPFLAGS += -I $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/variants/$(BOARD_BUILD_VARIANT)/
CPPFLAGS += $(addprefix -I $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/, $(LIBRARIES))
CPPFLAGS += $(patsubst %, -I $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/%/utility, $(LIBRARIES))
CPPDEPFLAGS = -MMD -MP -MF .dep/$<.dep
CPPINOFLAGS := -x c++ -include $(ARDUINOCOREDIR)/Arduino.h
AVRDUDEFLAGS := $(addprefix -C , $(AVRDUDECONF)) -DV
AVRDUDEFLAGS += -p $(BOARD_BUILD_MCU) -P $(SERIALDEV)
AVRDUDEFLAGS += -c $(BOARD_UPLOAD_PROTOCOL) -b $(BOARD_UPLOAD_SPEED)
LINKFLAGS := -Os -Wl,--gc-sections -mmcu=$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU)

# figure out which arg to use with stty (for OS X, GNU and busybox stty)
STTYFARG := $(shell stty --help 2>&1 | \
	grep -q 'illegal option' && echo -f || echo -F)

# include dependencies
ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "clean"
-include $(DEPFILES)
endif

# default rule
.DEFAULT_GOAL := all

#_______________________________________________________________________________
#                                                                          RULES

.PHONY:	all target upload clean boards monitor size

all: target

target: $(TARGET).hex

upload: target
	@echo "\nUploading to board..."
	@test -n "$(SERIALDEV)" || { \
		echo "error: SERIALDEV could not be determined automatically." >&2; \
		exit 1; }
	@test 0 -eq $(SERIALDEVGUESS) || { \
		echo "*GUESSING* at serial device:" $(SERIALDEV); \
		echo; }
	stty $(STTYFARG) $(SERIALDEV) hupcl
	$(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDEFLAGS) -U flash:w:$(TARGET).hex:i

clean:
	rm -f $(OBJECTS)
	rm -f $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex $(ARDUINOLIB) *~
	rm -rf .lib .dep

boards:
	@echo Available values for BOARD:
	@sed -nEe '/^#/d; /^[^.]+\.name=/p' $(BOARDS_FILE) | \
		sed -Ee 's/([^.]+)\.name=(.*)/\1            \2/' \
			-e 's/(.{12}) *(.*)/\1 \2/'

monitor:
	@test -n "$(SERIALDEV)" || { \
		echo "error: SERIALDEV could not be determined automatically." >&2; \
		exit 1; }
	@test -n `which screen` || { \
		echo "error: can't find GNU screen, you might need to install it." >&2 \
		ecit 1; }
	@test 0 -eq $(SERIALDEVGUESS) || { \
		echo "*GUESSING* at serial device:" $(SERIALDEV); \
		echo; }
	screen $(SERIALDEV)

size: $(TARGET).elf
	echo && $(AVRSIZE) --format=avr --mcu=$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU) $(TARGET).elf

# building the target

$(TARGET).hex: $(TARGET).elf
	$(OBJCOPY) -O ihex -R .eeprom $< $@

.INTERMEDIATE: $(TARGET).elf

$(TARGET).elf: $(ARDUINOLIB) $(OBJECTS)
	$(CC) $(LINKFLAGS) $(OBJECTS) $(ARDUINOLIB) -lm -o $@

%.o: %.c
	mkdir -p .dep/$(dir $<)
	$(COMPILE.c) $(CPPDEPFLAGS) -o $@ $<

%.o: %.cpp
	mkdir -p .dep/$(dir $<)
	$(COMPILE.cpp) $(CPPDEPFLAGS) -o $@ $<

%.o: %.cc
	mkdir -p .dep/$(dir $<)
	$(COMPILE.cpp) $(CPPDEPFLAGS) -o $@ $<

%.o: %.C
	mkdir -p .dep/$(dir $<)
	$(COMPILE.cpp) $(CPPDEPFLAGS) -o $@ $<

%.o: %.ino
	mkdir -p .dep/$(dir $<)
	$(COMPILE.cpp) $(CPPDEPFLAGS) -o $@ $(CPPINOFLAGS) $<

%.o: %.pde
	mkdir -p .dep/$(dir $<)
	$(COMPILE.cpp) $(CPPDEPFLAGS) -o $@ -x c++ -include $(ARDUINOCOREDIR)/Arduino.h $<

# building the arduino library

$(ARDUINOLIB): $(ARDUINOLIBOBJS)
	$(AR) rcs $@ $?

.lib/%.c.o: %.c
	mkdir -p $(dir $@)
	$(COMPILE.c) -o $@ $<

.lib/%.cpp.o: %.cpp
	mkdir -p $(dir $@)
	$(COMPILE.cpp) -o $@ $<

.lib/%.cc.o: %.cc
	mkdir -p $(dir $@)
	$(COMPILE.cpp) -o $@ $<

.lib/%.C.o: %.C
	mkdir -p $(dir $@)
	$(COMPILE.cpp) -o $@ $<
	#_______________________________________________________________________________
	#
	# edam's Arduino makefile
	#_______________________________________________________________________________
	# version 0.4
	#
	# Copyright (C) 2011, 2012 Tim Marston <tim@ed.am>.
	#
	# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
	# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
	# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
	# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
	# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
	# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
	#
	# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
	# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
	#
	# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
	# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
	# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
	# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
	# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
	# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
	# SOFTWARE.
	#
	#_______________________________________________________________________________
	#
	#
	# This is a general purpose makefile for use with Arduino hardware and
	# software. It works with the arduino-1.0 software release. To download the
	# latest version of this makefile, visit the following website, where you can
	# also find more information and documentation on it's use. The following text
	# can only really be considered a reference to it's use.
	#
	# http://ed.am/dev/make/arduino-mk
	#
	# This makefile can be used as a drop-in replacement for the Arduino IDE's
	# build system. To use it, save arduino.mk somewhere (I keep mine at
	# ~/src/arduino.mk) and create a symlink to it in your project directory named
	# "Makefile". For example:
	#
	# $ ln -s ~/src/arduino.mk Makefile
	#
	# The Arduino software (version 1.0 or later) is required. If you are using
	# Debian (or a derivative), type `apt-get install arduino`. Otherwise, you
	# will have to download the Arduino software manually from http://arduino.cc/.
	# It is suggested that you install it at ~/opt/arduino if you are unsure.
	#
	# If you downloaded the Arduino software manually and unpacked it somewhere
	# other than ~/opt/arduino, you will need to set up ARDUINODIR to be the path
	# where you unpacked it. (If unset, ARDUINODIR defaults to ~/opt/arduino and
	# then /usr/share/arduino, in that order.) You might be best to set this in
	# your ~/.profile by adding something like this:
	#
	# export ARDUINODIR=~/somewhere/arduino-1.0
	#
	# You will also need to set BOARD to the type of Arduino you're building for.
	# Type `make boards` for a list of acceptable values. You could set a default
	# in your ~/.profile if you want, but it is suggested that you specify this at
	# build time, especially if you work with different types of Arduino. For
	# example:
	#
	# $ export BOARD=uno
	# $ make
	#
	# You may also need to set SERIALDEV if it is not detected correctly.
	#
	# The presence of a .ino (or .pde) file causes the arduino.mk to automatically
	# determine values for SOURCES, TARGET and LIBRARIES. Any .c, .cc and .cpp
	# files in the project directory (or any "util" or "utility" subdirectories)
	# are automatically included in the build and are scanned for Arduino libraries
	# that have been #included. Note, there can only be one .ino (or .pde) file.
	#
	# Alternatively, if you want to manually specify build variables, create a
	# Makefile that defines SOURCES and LIBRARIES and then includes arduino.mk.
	# (There is no need to define TARGET). Here is an example Makefile:
	#
	# SOURCES := main.cc other.cc
	# LIBRARIES := EEPROM
	# include ~/src/arduino.mk
	#
	# Here is a complete list of configuration parameters:
	#
	# ARDUINODIR The path where the Arduino software is installed on your system.
	#
	# ARDUINOCONST The Arduino software version, as an integer, used to define the
	# ARDUINO version constant. This defaults to 100 if undefined.
	#
	# AVRDUDECONF The avrdude.conf to use. If undefined, this defaults to a guess
	# based on where the avrdude in use is. If empty, no avrdude.conf
	# is passed to avrdude (to the system default is used).
	#
	# AVRTOOLSPATH A space-separated list of directories to search in order when
	# looking for the avr build tools. This defaults to the system PATH
	# followed by subdirectories in ARDUINODIR if undefined.
	#
	# BOARD Specify a target board type. Run `make boards` to see available
	# board types.
	#
	# LIBRARIES A list of Arduino libraries to build and include. This is set
	# automatically if a .ino (or .pde) is found.
	#
	# SERIALDEV The unix device name of the serial device that is the Arduino.
	# If unspecified, an attempt is made to determine the name of a
	# connected Arduino's serial device.
	#
	# SOURCES A list of all source files of whatever language. The language
	# type is determined by the file extension. This is set
	# automatically if a .ino (or .pde) is found.
	#
	# TARGET The name of the target file. This is set automatically if a
	# .ino (or .pde) is found, but it is not necessary to set it
	# otherwise.
	#
	# This makefile also defines the following goals for use on the command line
	# when you run make:
	#
	# all This is the default if no goal is specified. It builds the
	# target.
	#
	# target Builds the target.
	#
	# upload Uploads the last built target to an attached Arduino.
	#
	# clean Deletes files created during the build.
	#
	# boards Display a list of available board names, so that you can set the
	# BOARD environment variable appropriately.
	#
	# monitor Start `screen` on the serial device. This is meant to be an
	# equivalent to the Arduino serial monitor.
	#
	# size Displays size information about the bulit target.
	#
	# <file> Builds the specified file, either an object file or the target,
	# from those that that would be built for the project.
	#_______________________________________________________________________________
	#

	ARDUINODIR=/Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Resources/Java
	#BOARD=uno
	#BOARD=leostick12
	#BOARD=leostickv22

	# default arduino software directory, check software exists
	ifndef ARDUINODIR
	ARDUINODIR := $(firstword $(wildcard ~/opt/arduino /usr/share/arduino))
	endif
	ifeq "$(wildcard $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt)" ""
	$(error ARDUINODIR is not set correctly; arduino software not found)
	endif

	# default arduino version
	ARDUINOCONST ?= 100

	# default path for avr tools
	ifndef AVRTOOLSPATH
	AVRTOOLSPATH := $(subst :, , $(PATH))
	AVRTOOLSPATH += $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools
	AVRTOOLSPATH += $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/avr/bin
	endif

	# auto mode?
	INOFILE := $(wildcard .ino .pde)
	ifdef INOFILE
	ifneq "$(words $(INOFILE))" "1"
	$(error There is more than one .pde or .ino file in this directory!)
	endif

	# automatically determine sources and targeet
	TARGET := $(basename $(INOFILE))
	SOURCES := $(INOFILE) \
	$(wildcard .c .cc *.cpp) \
	$(wildcard $(addprefix util/, .c .cc *.cpp)) \
	$(wildcard $(addprefix utility/, .c .cc *.cpp))

	# automatically determine included libraries
	LIBRARIES := $(filter $(notdir $(wildcard $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/*)), \
	$(shell sed -ne "s/^ \# include [<\"]\(.\)\.h[>\"]/\1/p" $(SOURCES)))

	endif

	# no serial device? make a poor attempt to detect an arduino
	SERIALDEVGUESS := 0
	ifeq "$(SERIALDEV)" ""
	SERIALDEV := $(firstword $(wildcard \
	/dev/ttyACM? /dev/ttyUSB? /dev/tty.usbserial* /dev/tty.usbmodem*))
	SERIALDEVGUESS := 1
	endif

	# software
	findsoftware = $(firstword $(wildcard $(addsuffix /$(1), $(AVRTOOLSPATH))))
	CC := $(call findsoftware,avr-gcc)
	CXX := $(call findsoftware,avr-g++)
	LD := $(call findsoftware,avr-ld)
	AR := $(call findsoftware,avr-ar)
	OBJCOPY := $(call findsoftware,avr-objcopy)
	AVRDUDE := $(call findsoftware,avrdude)
	AVRSIZE := $(call findsoftware,avr-size)

	# files
	TARGET := $(if $(TARGET),$(TARGET),a.out)
	OBJECTS := $(addsuffix .o, $(basename $(SOURCES)))
	DEPFILES := $(patsubst %, .dep/%.dep, $(SOURCES))
	ARDUINOCOREDIR := $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino
	ARDUINOLIB := .lib/arduino.a
	ARDUINOLIBLIBSDIR := $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries
	ARDUINOLIBLIBSPATH := $(foreach lib, $(LIBRARIES), \
	$(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/$(lib)/ $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/$(lib)/utility/ )
	ARDUINOLIBOBJS := $(foreach dir, $(ARDUINOCOREDIR) $(ARDUINOLIBLIBSPATH), \
	$(patsubst %, .lib/%.o, $(wildcard $(addprefix $(dir)/, .c .cpp))))
	ifeq "$(AVRDUDECONF)" ""
	ifeq "$(AVRDUDE)" "$(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avrdude"
	AVRDUDECONF := $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.conf
	else
	AVRDUDECONF := $(wildcard $(AVRDUDE).conf)
	endif
	endif

	# no board?
	ifndef BOARD
	ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "boards"
	ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "clean"
	$(error BOARD is unset. Type 'make boards' to see possible values)
	endif
	endif
	endif

	# obtain board parameters from the arduino boards.txt file
	BOARDS_FILE := $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt
	BOARD_BUILD_MCU := \
	$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.mcu=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
	BOARD_BUILD_FCPU := \
	$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.f_cpu=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
	BOARD_BUILD_VARIANT := \
	$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.variant=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
	BOARD_UPLOAD_SPEED := \
	$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).upload.speed=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
	BOARD_UPLOAD_PROTOCOL := \
	$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).upload.protocol=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
	BOARD_USB_VID := \
	$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.vid=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
	BOARD_USB_PID := \
	$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.pid=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))

	# invalid board?
	ifeq "$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU)" ""
	ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "boards"
	ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "clean"
	$(error BOARD is invalid. Type 'make boards' to see possible values)
	endif
	endif
	endif

	# flags
	CPPFLAGS := -Os -Wall -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
	CPPFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
	CPPFLAGS += -mmcu=$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU)
	CPPFLAGS += -DF_CPU=$(BOARD_BUILD_FCPU) -DARDUINO=$(ARDUINOCONST)
	CPPFLAGS += -DUSB_VID=$(BOARD_USB_VID) -DUSB_PID=$(BOARD_USB_PID)
	CPPFLAGS += -I. -Iutil -Iutility -I $(ARDUINOCOREDIR)
	CPPFLAGS += -I $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/variants/$(BOARD_BUILD_VARIANT)/
	CPPFLAGS += $(addprefix -I $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/, $(LIBRARIES))
	CPPFLAGS += $(patsubst %, -I $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/%/utility, $(LIBRARIES))
	CPPDEPFLAGS = -MMD -MP -MF .dep/$<.dep
	CPPINOFLAGS := -x c++ -include $(ARDUINOCOREDIR)/Arduino.h
	AVRDUDEFLAGS := $(addprefix -C , $(AVRDUDECONF)) -DV
	AVRDUDEFLAGS += -p $(BOARD_BUILD_MCU) -P $(SERIALDEV)
	AVRDUDEFLAGS += -c $(BOARD_UPLOAD_PROTOCOL) -b $(BOARD_UPLOAD_SPEED)
	LINKFLAGS := -Os -Wl,--gc-sections -mmcu=$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU)

	# figure out which arg to use with stty (for OS X, GNU and busybox stty)
	STTYFARG := $(shell stty --help 2>&1 \| \
	grep -q 'illegal option' && echo -f \|\| echo -F)

	# include dependencies
	ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "clean"
	-include $(DEPFILES)
	endif

	# default rule
	.DEFAULT_GOAL := all

	#_______________________________________________________________________________
	# RULES

	.PHONY: all target upload clean boards monitor size

	all: target

	target: $(TARGET).hex

	upload: target
	@echo "\nUploading to board..."
	@test -n "$(SERIALDEV)" \|\| { \
	echo "error: SERIALDEV could not be determined automatically." >&2; \
	exit 1; }
	@test 0 -eq $(SERIALDEVGUESS) \|\| { \
	echo "GUESSING at serial device:" $(SERIALDEV); \
	echo; }
	stty $(STTYFARG) $(SERIALDEV) hupcl
	$(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDEFLAGS) -U flash:w:$(TARGET).hex:i

	clean:
	rm -f $(OBJECTS)
	rm -f $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex $(ARDUINOLIB) *~
	rm -rf .lib .dep

	boards:
	@echo Available values for BOARD:
	@sed -nEe '/^#/d; /^[^.]+\.name=/p' $(BOARDS_FILE) \| \
	sed -Ee 's/([^.]+)\.name=(.*)/\1 \2/' \
	-e 's/(.{12}) (.)/\1 \2/'

	monitor:
	@test -n "$(SERIALDEV)" \|\| { \
	echo "error: SERIALDEV could not be determined automatically." >&2; \
	exit 1; }
	@test -n `which screen` \|\| { \
	echo "error: can't find GNU screen, you might need to install it." >&2 \
	ecit 1; }
	@test 0 -eq $(SERIALDEVGUESS) \|\| { \
	echo "GUESSING at serial device:" $(SERIALDEV); \
	echo; }
	screen $(SERIALDEV)

	size: $(TARGET).elf
	echo && $(AVRSIZE) --format=avr --mcu=$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU) $(TARGET).elf

	# building the target

	$(TARGET).hex: $(TARGET).elf
	$(OBJCOPY) -O ihex -R .eeprom $< $@

	.INTERMEDIATE: $(TARGET).elf

	$(TARGET).elf: $(ARDUINOLIB) $(OBJECTS)
	$(CC) $(LINKFLAGS) $(OBJECTS) $(ARDUINOLIB) -lm -o $@

	%.o: %.c
	mkdir -p .dep/$(dir $<)
	$(COMPILE.c) $(CPPDEPFLAGS) -o $@ $<

	%.o: %.cpp
	mkdir -p .dep/$(dir $<)
	$(COMPILE.cpp) $(CPPDEPFLAGS) -o $@ $<

	%.o: %.cc
	mkdir -p .dep/$(dir $<)
	$(COMPILE.cpp) $(CPPDEPFLAGS) -o $@ $<

	%.o: %.C
	mkdir -p .dep/$(dir $<)
	$(COMPILE.cpp) $(CPPDEPFLAGS) -o $@ $<

	%.o: %.ino
	mkdir -p .dep/$(dir $<)
	$(COMPILE.cpp) $(CPPDEPFLAGS) -o $@ $(CPPINOFLAGS) $<

	%.o: %.pde
	mkdir -p .dep/$(dir $<)
	$(COMPILE.cpp) $(CPPDEPFLAGS) -o $@ -x c++ -include $(ARDUINOCOREDIR)/Arduino.h $<

	# building the arduino library

	$(ARDUINOLIB): $(ARDUINOLIBOBJS)
	$(AR) rcs $@ $?

	.lib/%.c.o: %.c
	mkdir -p $(dir $@)
	$(COMPILE.c) -o $@ $<

	.lib/%.cpp.o: %.cpp
	mkdir -p $(dir $@)
	$(COMPILE.cpp) -o $@ $<

	.lib/%.cc.o: %.cc
	mkdir -p $(dir $@)
	$(COMPILE.cpp) -o $@ $<

	.lib/%.C.o: %.C
	mkdir -p $(dir $@)
	$(COMPILE.cpp) -o $@ $<