gistfile1.php

<?php
// somewhere in the module code


public function onBootstrap(EventInterface $event)
{
    /** @var \Zend\Mvc\MvcEvent $event  */
    $application = $event->getApplication();

    $application->getEventManager()->attach('dispatch', function(MvcEvent $event) use ($application) {
        try {
            // some code that may throw exception
            throw new \Exception('test');
        } catch(\Exception $e) {
            $event->
                setError($application::ERROR_EXCEPTION)->
                setParam('exception', $e);

            $application->getEventManager()->trigger(MvcEvent::EVENT_DISPATCH_ERROR, $event);
        }
    }, 2);
}