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December 10, 2020 07:25
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MfaAuthMethodsAnalysis.ps1
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| ########################################################################################################## | |
| ########################################################################################################## | |
| <# | |
| .SYNOPSIS | |
| Analyses Azure AD users to make recommendations on how to improve their MFA stance. | |
| .DESCRIPTION | |
| Analyses Azure AD users to make recommendations on how to improve each user's MFA configuration. | |
| Can target a group by ObjectId or analyse all users in a tenant. | |
| Can add user-specific location information: UPN domain, usage location and country. | |
| Can produce a date and time stamped CSV report of per user recommendations. | |
| Use -Verbose for insight into the script's activities. | |
| IMPORTANT: | |
| * You can not use a guest (B2B) account to run this script against the target tenant. This is a | |
| limitation of the MSOnline PowerShell module. The script will execute in the guest's home tenant, | |
| not the target tenant. | |
| * Ensure you run the script with an account that can enumerate user properties. For least privilege | |
| use the User Administrator role. | |
| .EXAMPLE | |
| .\MfaAuthMethodAnalysis.ps1 -TenantId 9959f32b-837b-41db-b6e5-32277e344292 | |
| Creates per user recommendations for all users in the target tenant and displays the results to screen. | |
| .EXAMPLE | |
| .\MfaAuthMethodAnalysis.ps1 -TenantId 9959f32b-837b-41db-b6e5-32277e344292 -TargetGroup 6424cd24-ee16-472f-bad6-85427c9febc2 | |
| Creates per user recommendations for each user in the target group and displays the results to screen. | |
| .EXAMPLE | |
| .\MfaAuthMethodAnalysis.ps1 -TenantId 9959f32b-837b-41db-b6e5-32277e344292 -CsvOutput -Verbose | |
| Creates a date and time stamped CSV file in the scripts execution directory with per user recommendations | |
| for all users in the tenant. Has verbose notation to screen. | |
| .EXAMPLE | |
| .\MfaAuthMethodAnalysis.ps1 -TenantId 9959f32b-837b-41db-b6e5-32277e344292 -LocationInfo -CsvOutput | |
| Creates a date and time stamped CSV file in the scripts execution directory with per user recommendations | |
| for all users in the tenant. Includeds location information: UPN domain, usage location and country. | |
| .NOTES | |
| THIS CODE-SAMPLE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED | |
| OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR | |
| FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. | |
| This sample is not supported under any Microsoft standard support program or service. | |
| The script is provided AS IS without warranty of any kind. Microsoft further disclaims all | |
| implied warranties including, without limitation, any implied warranties of merchantability | |
| or of fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk arising out of the use or performance | |
| of the sample and documentation remains with you. In no event shall Microsoft, its authors, | |
| or anyone else involved in the creation, production, or delivery of the script be liable for | |
| any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages for loss of business profits, | |
| business interruption, loss of business information, or other pecuniary loss) arising out of | |
| the use of or inability to use the sample or documentation, even if Microsoft has been advised | |
| of the possibility of such damages, rising out of the use of or inability to use the sample script, | |
| even if Microsoft has been advised of the possibility of such damages. | |
| #> | |
| ########################################################################################################## | |
| #Requires -version 3 | |
| #Requires -Modules @{ModuleName="MSOnline"; ModuleVersion="1.1.183.57"} | |
| #Version: 1.5, addition made by Alex Verboon, to include islicensed information. | |
| ########################################################################################################## | |
| ################################ | |
| #Define and validate Parameters | |
| ################################ | |
| [CmdletBinding()] | |
| param( | |
| #The unique ID of the tenant to target for analysis | |
| [Parameter(Mandatory,Position=0)] | |
| [string]$TenantId, | |
| #The unique ID of the group to analyse | |
| [Parameter(Position=1)] | |
| [string]$TargetGroup, | |
| #Use this switch to include user-specific location information | |
| [Parameter(Position=2)] | |
| [switch]$LocationInfo, | |
| #Use this switch to create a date and time stamped CSV file | |
| [Parameter(Position=3)] | |
| [switch]$CsvOutput | |
| ) | |
| ########################################################################################################## | |
| ################## | |
| #region Functions | |
| ################## | |
| ############################################# | |
| function Analyse-MsolUserStrongAuthMethods { | |
| [CmdletBinding()] | |
| param( | |
| #A user object to process | |
| [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline,Position=0)] | |
| [Microsoft.Online.Administration.User]$User | |
| ) | |
| #Set user properties | |
| $UserPrincipalName = $_.UserPrincipalName | |
| $DisplayName = $_.DisplayName | |
| [string]$ObjectId = $_.ObjectId | |
| $IsLicensed = $_.IsLicensed | |
| if ($LocationInfo) { | |
| $UpnDomain = ($_.UserPrincipalName).Split("@")[1] | |
| $UsageLocation = $_.UsageLocation | |
| $Country = $_.Country | |
| } | |
| $MfaAuthMethodCount = $_.StrongAuthenticationMethods.Count | |
| #Count number of methods | |
| if ($MfaAuthMethodCount -eq 0) { | |
| [array]$Recommendations = "'Register for MFA, preferably with the Microsoft Authenticator mobile app and also with a phone number, used for SMS or Voice.'" | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| #Do some analysis | |
| switch ($_.StrongAuthenticationMethods) { | |
| #Check default method | |
| {$_.IsDefault -eq $true} { | |
| $DefaultMethod = $_.MethodType | |
| if ($_.MethodType -ne "PhoneAppNotification") { | |
| [array]$Recommendations += "'Consider setting the Microsoft Authenticator mobile app as the default method.'" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| #Check for method type - PhoneAppNotification | |
| {$_.MethodType -eq "PhoneAppNotification"} { | |
| $AppNotification = "Yes" | |
| if ($MfaAuthMethodCount -eq 1) { | |
| [array]$Recommendations += "'Register at least another authentication method, preferably a verification code from the mobile app or hardware OATH token. A user can have up to five hardware OATH tokens or mobile apps registered. Phone number can also be used for Voice or SMS.'" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| #Check for method type - PhoneAppOTP | |
| {$_.MethodType -eq "PhoneAppOTP"} { | |
| $OathTotp = "Yes" | |
| if ($MfaAuthMethodCount -eq 1) { | |
| [array]$Recommendations += "'Register at least another authentication method, preferably the Microsoft Authenticator mobile app. A user can have up to five hardware OATH tokens or mobile apps registered.'" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| #Check for method type - OneWaySMS | |
| {$_.MethodType -eq "OneWaySMS"} { | |
| $SMS = "Yes" | |
| } | |
| #Check for method type - TwoWayVoiceMobile | |
| {$_.MethodType -eq "TwoWayVoiceMobile"} { | |
| $Phone = "Yes" | |
| } | |
| #Check for method type - OneWaySMS | |
| {$_.MethodType -eq "TwoWayVoiceAlternateMobile"} { | |
| $AltPhone = "Yes" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| #More recommendations - phone options only | |
| if ((($SMS) -and ($Phone)) -and ((!$OathTotp) -and (!$AppNotification))) { | |
| [array]$Recommendations += "'Register at least another authentication method, preferably the Microsoft Authenticator mobile app or hardware OATH token. A user can have up to five hardware OATH tokens or mobile apps registered.'" | |
| } | |
| #More recommendations - Notification and OATH OTP, no phone nubers | |
| if (((!$SMS) -and (!$Phone) -and (!$AltPhone)) -and (($OathTotp) -and ($AppNotification))) { | |
| [array]$Recommendations += "'Register a phone number to be used for SMS and Voice.'" | |
| } | |
| #More recommendations - if no Alternative phone number | |
| if (!$AltPhone) { | |
| [array]$Recommendations += "'Consider adding an alternative phone number for additional resilience.'" | |
| } | |
| if ($LocationInfo) { | |
| $AnalysedUser = [pscustomobject]@{ | |
| UserPrincipalName = $UserPrincipalName | |
| DisplayName = $DisplayName | |
| ObjectId = $ObjectId | |
| IsLicensed = $IsLicensed | |
| UpnDomain = $UpnDomain | |
| UsageLocation = $UsageLocation | |
| Country = $Country | |
| MfaAuthMethodCount = $MfaAuthMethodCount | |
| DefaultMethod = $DefaultMethod | |
| AppNotification = $AppNotification | |
| OathTotp = $OathTotp | |
| Sms = $Sms | |
| Phone = $Phone | |
| AltPhone = $AltPhone | |
| Recommendations = $Recommendations | |
| } | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| $AnalysedUser = [pscustomobject]@{ | |
| UserPrincipalName = $UserPrincipalName | |
| DisplayName = $DisplayName | |
| ObjectId = $ObjectId | |
| IsLicensed = $IsLicensed | |
| MfaAuthMethodCount = $MfaAuthMethodCount | |
| DefaultMethod = $DefaultMethod | |
| AppNotification = $AppNotification | |
| OathTotp = $OathTotp | |
| Sms = $Sms | |
| Phone = $Phone | |
| AltPhone = $AltPhone | |
| Recommendations = $Recommendations | |
| } | |
| } | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - User anaylsis completed" | |
| return $AnalysedUser | |
| } #end function | |
| ######################################################### | |
| #Function to create a CSV friendly object for conversion | |
| function Expand-Recommendations { | |
| [cmdletbinding()] | |
| param ( | |
| [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] | |
| [psobject]$PsCustomObject | |
| ) | |
| begin { | |
| #Mark that we don't have properties | |
| $SchemaObtained = $False | |
| } | |
| process { | |
| #If this is the first iteration get object properties | |
| if (!$SchemaObtained) { | |
| $OutputOrder = $PsCustomObject.psobject.properties.name | |
| $SchemaObtained = $true | |
| } | |
| #Loop thorugh the supplied object and process individually | |
| $PsCustomObject | ForEach-Object { | |
| #Capture each element | |
| $singleGraphObject = $_ | |
| #New parent object for edited / expanded values | |
| $ExpandedObject = New-Object -TypeName PSObject | |
| #Loop through the properties | |
| $OutputOrder | ForEach-Object { | |
| #Recommendations property has to have commas added | |
| if ($_ -eq "Recommendations") { | |
| #Ensure we have a non-empty value if there's nothing in Recommendations | |
| $CSVLine = " " | |
| #Get variables from authMethods property | |
| $Properties = $singleGraphObject.$($_) | |
| #Loop through each property and add to a single string with a seperating comma (for CSV) | |
| $Properties | ForEach-Object { | |
| $CSVLine += "$_," | |
| } | |
| #Add edited list of values for authmethods property to parent object | |
| Add-Member -InputObject $ExpandedObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name $_ -Value $CSVLine.TrimEnd(0,",").TrimStart() | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| #Add single value property to parent object | |
| Add-Member -InputObject $ExpandedObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name $_ -Value $(($singleGraphObject.$($_) | Out-String).Trim()) | |
| } | |
| } | |
| #Return completed parent object | |
| $ExpandedObject | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } #end function | |
| #endregion functions | |
| ############# | |
| #region Main | |
| ############# | |
| #Tracking variables | |
| $UsersProcessed = 0 | |
| $ScriptStartTime = Get-Date | |
| #Verbose output | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Script started..." | |
| if ($LocationInfo) {Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - User location information included"} | |
| if ($CsvOutput) {Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - CSV output selected"} | |
| #Some additional paramter validation outside of param() | |
| #Try and connect to Azure AD | |
| try {$DomainInfo = Get-MsolDomain -TenantId $TenantId -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue} | |
| catch {} | |
| if ($DomainInfo) { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Connection to $TenantId established" | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| #Error handling | |
| switch -Wildcard ($error[0].exception) { | |
| "*You must call the Connect-MsolService cmdlet before calling any other cmdlets*" { | |
| #Present connection pop-up | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Calling Connect-MsolService cmdlet" | |
| Connect-MsolService -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | |
| #Populate the DomainInfo variable if Connect-MsolService works | |
| if ($?) { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Connection to $TenantId established" | |
| $DomainInfo = $true | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| Write-Verbose "$(Get-Date -f T) - Connection to $TenantId could not be established" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| "*The TenantID you have provided is invalid. Check the TenantID and try again*" { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - $($error[0])" | |
| Write-Warning -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - The Tenant ID provided is invalid - $TenantId" | |
| } | |
| "*Guid should contain 32 digits with 4 dashes*" { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - $($error[0])" | |
| Write-Warning -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Please provide a valid GUID for the Tenant ID" | |
| } | |
| "*Access Denied. You do not have permissions to call this cmdlet*" { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - $($error[0])" | |
| Write-Warning -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Access Denied - it's likley that you are trying to connect to a tenant you have not authenticated to" | |
| } | |
| default { | |
| Write-Warning -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - $($error[0])" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| #Check if we have a connection | |
| if ($DomainInfo) { | |
| #Check if we need to create a CSV file | |
| if ($CsvOutput) { | |
| #Output file | |
| $Now = "{0:yyyyMMdd_hhmmss}" -f (Get-Date) | |
| $OutputFile = "MfaAuthMethodAnalysis_$now.csv" | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Creating CSV file - $OutputFile" | |
| #Create file with header | |
| if ($LocationInfo) { | |
| Add-Content -Value "UserPrincipalName,DisplayName,ObjectId,UpnDomain,UsageLocation,Country,MfaAuthMethodCount,DefaultMethod,AppNotification,OathTotp,Sms,Phone,AltPhone,Recommendations" ` | |
| -Path $OutputFile | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| Add-Content -Value "UserPrincipalName,DisplayName,ObjectId,MfaAuthMethodCount,DefaultMethod,AppNotification,OathTotp,Sms,Phone,AltPhone,Recommendations" ` | |
| -Path $OutputFile | |
| } | |
| if ($?) { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Header written to CSV file - $OutputFile" | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| Write-Warning -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Failed to write header to CSV file - $OutputFile" | |
| Write-Warning -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Reverting to non-CSV output mode" | |
| #Prevent further CSV processing | |
| $CsvOutput = $false | |
| } | |
| } | |
| #We have a connction so start doing stuff... let's check if we are targetting a group | |
| if ($TargetGroup) { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Checking for target group - $TargetGroup" | |
| #Ensure the group is valid | |
| try {$GroupInfo = Get-MsolGroup -ObjectId $TargetGroup -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue} | |
| catch {} | |
| if ($GroupInfo) { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Group $TargetGroup confirmed as valid" | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Group Display Name = $(($GroupInfo).Displayname); Group Type = $(($GroupInfo).GroupType)" | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Enumerating users for $TargetGroup..." | |
| #We have he target group so let's enumerate the users | |
| try {$TargetUsers = Get-MsolGroupMember -GroupObjectId $TargetGroup -All} | |
| catch {} | |
| if ($TargetUsers) { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - $(($TargetUsers).Count) users found" | |
| #Now we have users let's get an msol user object | |
| $TargetUsers | ForEach-Object { | |
| Get-MsolUser -ObjectId $_.objectID -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | ForEach-Object { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Processing $(($_).UserPrincipalName)" | |
| #Call the analysis function | |
| $TargetUser = Analyse-MsolUserStrongAuthMethods -User $_ | |
| #Determine if we write to screen or file | |
| if ($CsvOutput) { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Converting analysis to CSV format" | |
| #Call property expansion function and pipe into a CSV format | |
| $CsvFormat = $TargetUser | Expand-Recommendations | ConvertTo-Csv -NoTypeInformation | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Writing conversion to CSV file" | |
| #Write the pertinent CSV line | |
| Add-Content -Value $CsvFormat[1] -Path $OutputFile | |
| if ($?) { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Details successfully written to CSV file" | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| Write-Warning -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Failed to write details to CSV file" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| #Show user analysis in host | |
| $TargetUser | |
| } | |
| #Increment user count | |
| $UsersProcessed++ | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - $($error[0])" | |
| Write-Warning -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Issue obtaining members for target group $TargetGroup" | |
| Write-Warning -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Exiting script..." | |
| } | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - $($error[0])" | |
| Write-Warning -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Issue obtaining the target group $TargetGroup" | |
| Write-Warning -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Exiting script..." | |
| } | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Targetting all users in $TenantId" | |
| #We're not tagtetting a group, so let's process all users | |
| Get-MsolUser -All -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | ForEach-Object { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Processing $(($_).UserPrincipalName)" | |
| #Call the analysis function | |
| $TargetUser = Analyse-MsolUserStrongAuthMethods | |
| #Determine if we write to screen or file | |
| if ($CsvOutput) { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Converting analysis to CSV format" | |
| #Call property expansion function and pipe into a CSV format | |
| $CsvFormat = $TargetUser | Expand-Recommendations | ConvertTo-Csv -NoTypeInformation | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Writing conversion to CSV file" | |
| #Write the pertinent CSV line | |
| Add-Content -Value $CsvFormat[1] -Path $OutputFile | |
| if ($?) { | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Details successfully written to CSV file" | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| Write-Warning -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Failed to write details to CSV file" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| #Show user analysis in host | |
| $TargetUser | |
| } | |
| #Increment user count | |
| $UsersProcessed++ | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| else { | |
| #We can't connect... say goodbye | |
| Write-Warning -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Exiting script..." | |
| } | |
| #Tracking stuff | |
| $ScriptEndTime = Get-Date | |
| $TimeSpan = $ScriptEndTime - $ScriptStartTime | |
| $ProcessingTime = "{0:c}" -f $TimeSpan | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Total users processed: $UsersProcessed" | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Total processing time: $ProcessingTime" | |
| Write-Verbose -Message "$(Get-Date -f T) - Script finished!" | |
| #endregion main | |
| ########################################################################################################## | |
| ########################################################################################################## |
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