Pass command line arguments to Vue CLI build

.env

VUE_APP_PARAMETER=My env param
VUE_APP_DYNAMIC_PARAMETER=

vue.config.js

/**
`vue inspect` helps you find the right config you’d need to tap into.
Inspect's related output:

    // config.plugin('define')
    new DefinePlugin(
      {
        'process.env': {
          NODE_ENV: '"development"',
          BASE_URL: '"/"'
        }
      }
    )

Assuming you'd run `yarn serve --your_parameter=value` or in Vue CLI fashion: `yarn serve --your_parameter value`
Using `chainWebpack` option you could add:
*/
const { argv } = require('yargs')
module.exports = {
   chainWebpack: config => {
      config.plugin('define').tap(options => {
          options[0]['process.env'].YOUR_PARAMETER = `"${argv.your_parameter}"`;
          return options;
      })
   }
}

/**
If you'd need to access process env variables durin app runtime
you'd also need to predefine those in an .env file (since Vue CLI v3)
[Environment Variables]: https://cli.vuejs.org/guide/mode-and-env.html#environment-variables

If you need them to be dynamic (like version number) you can just define them empty in `.env`
and overwrite the value in `vue.config.js`

"Advanced" version going through your existing env variables and matching them
with your VUE_APP prefixed ones
overwriting values accordingly:
*/
const { argv } = require('yargs')
const myExistingEnvSettings = {
    VERSION: '123',
    DYNAMIC_PARAMETER: 'Some other dynamic env value'
}
chainWebpack: (config) => {
    config.plugin('define').tap((options) => {
        const processEnv = options[0]['process.env']
        Object.keys(myExistingEnvSettings).map((key) => {
            let processEnvKey = `VUE_APP_${key}`
            if (processEnv.hasOwnProperty(processEnvKey)) {
                // note the double quotes for interpolation is necessary for node env
                processEnv[processEnvKey] = `"${myExistingEnvSettings[key]}"`
            }
        })
        return options
    })
},