Collection of vim tips and links

Vim Tips

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2573/vim-tutorials

y(ank) - copy
d(elete) - cut
c(hange) - replace
p(aste) - put from buffer after cursor
o(pen) - start a new line
i(nsert) - insert before current character
a(ppend) - insert after current character
w(ord) - moves to beginning of next word
b(ack) - moves to beginning of current word or prior word
e(nd) - moves to end of current word or next word
f(ind) - moves to a character on the current line
movement keys you just need to learn: h,j,k,l

^ - beginning of text on a line
$ - end of text on a line
0 - first position on line

most commands can be prefaced with numeric modifiers.
2w - means move 2 words
5h - means move 5 characters to the left
3k - means move 3 lines up
3fs - means move to the 3rd letter s folling the cursor

modification commands (d,c,y) need to know how much to work on.
dd - delete a line into memory
yy - yank a line into memory
cc - change the whole line
c$ - change from current position to the end
c2w - change the text spanning the next 2 words
3dd - delete 3 lines
d2f. - delete to the second period.

. - means redo the last modification command.
/ - searches for text, and then n(ext) will go the next found occurance. N will go prior.
? - searches backwards through the document.

:q => Exit as long as there have been no changes

    :q! => Exit and ignore any changes

    :wq => Save and Exit.

    :x => Exit, saving changes

    ZZ => Exit and save changes if any have been made

    :10,20w filename => writes the line from 10th line to 20th line in given file name

    E : Move to the end of Blank delimited word

    ge : jump to previous word-ending

    gE : jump to previous word-ending, ignore punctuation

    g_ : jump to last non-blank character of the line

    ( : Move a sentence back

    ) :Move a sentence forward

    { : Move a paragraph back

    } : Move a paragraph forward

0 : Move to the beginning of the line [ 0 and | acts as a Home key it goes to beginning of a line ]

  $ : Move to the end of the line, acts as a End key

    :1 : Move to the first line of the file

    G : Move to the last line of the file

    nG : Move to nth line of the file

    :n : Move to nth line of the file

    fc :Move forward to c (c= character)

    Fc : Move back to c

    H :Move to top of screen

    M :Move to middle of screen

    L : Move to bottom of screen

d^ : Deletes from current cursor position to the beginning of the line.

    d$ : Deletes from current cursor position to the end of the line.

    dw : Deletes from current cursor position to the end of the word.

    dd : Deletes three lines from current cursor position downwards.(also :d)

    yy : Yank the current line (also :y)

    x : Delete a character next to the cursor

    X : Delete character to the left of cursor

    P : Paste line before the cursor

    p : Paste line after the cursor

    . : Repeat last edit command

    u : Undo last edit (Ctrl+r redo)

    U : Undo changes to current line

    J : Join two lines

    In Escape mode: C is delete the line from under the cursor to end of the line.

/pattern : search for pattern

    ?pattern : search backward for pattern

    n :repeat search in same direction

    N : repeat search in opposite direction

    :%s/old/new/g : replace all old with new throughout file

    :%s/old/new/gc : replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations

    We can change the substitution delimiter instead of "/" to % or # or @ or !.

    Refer the Following Link.

    http://www.unix.com/unix-dummies-questions-answers/131585-changing-vi.html


    :/pattern/= => Print the line number of the first line that matches pattern.

    :g/pattern => Finds (moves to) the last occurrence of pattern in the file.

    :g/pattern/p => Finds and displays all lines in the file containing pattern.

    :g!/pattern/nu => Finds and displays all lines in the file that don't contain pattern;
    also displays the line number for each line found.


    :60,124g/pattern/p => Finds and displays any lines between lines 60 and 124

~ :changes the lower case to upper case of current character

    ~guu :change current line from upper to lower.

    ~gUU :Change current LINE from lower to upper.

    ~guw :Change current WORD from upper to lower.

    ~gUw :Change current WORD from lower to upper.

    g~~ :Invert case to entire line



    :lineno goes to line in execution mode

    :.= gives current cursor position of line

    := total no of lines in file

    Ctrl+h acts as a backspace in insert mode


    shift + 9 goes to sentence starting point in backward

    shift + 0 goes to sentence starting point in forward

    :e is used for editing another file with out quiting the vim editor cltrl+^ is used to toggle between the two files.

    :syn on command in vimrc file will highlight the syntax during inserting the contents in program.


Opening Man page from VIM
    K (Shift+k) will diplays the man page of current word under the
cursor

    Splitting Windows
:sp will split the window

    :q to quit from current split window

    Crtl+ww navigate through another file

    :bnext (or :bn) go to next buffer

    :bprev (or :bp) go to previous buffer

    :bd delete a buffer (close a file)

    Ctrl+ws Split windows

    Ctrl+ww Switch between windows

    Ctrl+wq Quit a window

    Ctrl+wv Split windows vertically.

Ctrl+f forward scroll screen

    Ctrl+b backward scroll screen

    Ctrl-d Scroll down one half of a page

    Ctrl-u Scroll up one half of a page


    . will execute the last command in execution mode

    In split window N goes backward to navigate

    ^w+ resizing the current split window to larging

    ^w- To decreasing the size of current split window

    p put after current cursor

    P put before the current cursor


    In Insert mode Ctrl+w is used to cut the current word.

    we can open multiple file at same time by passing all filename in vim command in single line.
    :next is used to go to next file.

    J concatenates the line by deleting the end of line

    :set aw this command ensures that file saved automatically before switching.

    : on removes all other windows in split window and current window will become the full screen.


    Buffer can be used in this file to create buffer "buffername commands output
    command is stored in buffername.
    Eg: "a3yy - copy the 3 lines and stored in a buffer

In Insert Mode


    ^t give tab in beggining of a line

    ^y copies above character and paste

    ^u undo the operation

    ^i gives tab in current position

    ^o goes to command mode and accept only one command and return back to insert mode

    ^a place the buffer which has inserted text after opening the file.

    ^j and ^m acts as a enter key

    ^k insert before the current position

    ^c goes to command mode

    In execution shift>> acts as tab instead of tab character

B,W,E navigate between words but they ignore punctuations.

    :.!tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]' - will convert case lower to upper in current line




    :map r :w^V^M will save the file when press r in command mode

    ^M is set to be enter key in mapping

    Visual mode.

    Shift+v is to select a line
    Ctrl+v is to select a block of text.


    gv is used to reselect the last selection part in visual mode.

    If you select some lines in visual mode using Ctrl+v or Shift+v.
    later you want to select last selection in lines use gv.

    ========================================================
    % keystroke

            The % is used to match the item under the cursor. The item under the cursor
    can be a parenthesis, a curly bracket or a square bracket. By pressing the % key the
    cursor will jump to the corresponding match.

    ==============================================================================


    You can open your .vimrc file in your vim file itself. See the following example


    Code:

    :e ~/.vimrc


    [or]

    Code:

    :e $MYVIMRC

:e! returns you to the last saved version of the file, so you can start over.

    yl is used to copy a single character.

    ^ Move to first non-blank character of current line.

    n| Move to column n of current line.

    Current Line Searches


    fx Find (move cursor to) next occurrence of x in the line, where x stands for any character.
    Fx Find (move cursor to) previous occurrence of x in the line.

    tx Find (move cursor to) character before next occurrence of x in the line.

    Tx Find (move cursor to) character after previous occurrence of x in the line.

    ; Repeat previous find command in same direction.

    , Repeat previous find command in opposite direction.