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NLP Concept Manual Review
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| === 0 === ArticleID: 8P6OEJY97AAFQMVP SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Holographic quantum criticality and strange metal transport | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1012.3464 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Theory', u'Strongly Correlated Electrons'] | |
| ABSTRACT: A holographic model of a quantum critical theory at a finite but low temperature, and finite density is studied. The model exhibits non-relativistic z=2 Schrödinger symmetry and is realized by the Anti-de-Sitter-Schwarzschild black hole in light-cone coordinates. Our approach addresses the electrical conductivities in the presence or absence of an applied magnetic field and contains a control parameter that can be associated to quantum tuning via charge carrier doping or an external field in correlated electron systems. The Ohmic resistivity, the inverse Hall angle, the Hall coefficient and the magnetoresistance are shown to be in good agreement with experimental results of strange metals at very low temperature. The holographic model also predicts new scaling relations in the presence of a magnetic field. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Light_cone, 1.00, 1), (Magnetoresistance, 1.00, 1), (Hall_effect, 1.00, 1), (Strongly_correlated_material, 1.00, 1), (Electron, 1.00, 1), (Black_hole, 1.00, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.95, 1), (Erwin_Schrödinger, 0.86, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.85, 1), (Magnetic_field, 0.77, 1), (Condensed_matter_physics, 0.73, 1), (Standard_Model, 0.71, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.68, 1), (Electric_current, 0.64, 1) | |
| === 1 === ArticleID: 4KQZCF2OHABH00RG SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Pre-exposure prophylaxis: where are we in Europe? | |
| URL: http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/18069/1283 | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: Despite major advances in HIV therapy, the number of new HIV infections remains very high, even in high-income countries where resurgence among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been witnessed. New prevention strategies have therefore to be assessed in order to curb the incidence of HIV infection. Recent studies have explored the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV prevention and have generally yielded encouraging results. ART has been used successfully to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, HIV acquisition following occupational or sexual exposure to HIV (post-exposure prophylaxis), and more recently, to reduce the risk of HIV transmission within a serodiscordant couple by treating the HIV-positive partner (HPTN 052 study). Another possible use of ART in prevention is pre-exposure prophylaxis, where ART is taken by an HIV-seronegative individual before HIV exposure. This PrEP strategy has been validated in animal models and more recently assessed in clinical trials in humans. The results of six large efficacy trials of PrEP are now available, but results have been inconsistent. The use of tenofovir gel in women at higher risk in Sub-Saharan Africa has shown efficacy when given before and after sex in the Caprisa 004 study (reduction of 39% of the incidence of HIV), whereas no efficacy was shown with daily use in the VOICE trial. Similarly, daily oral PrEP with tenofovir or tenofovir and emtricitabine has proved effective in the Iprex trial in MSM (reduction of 42% of HIV incidence), in the Partners PrEP study (reduction of 67 to 75% in HIV incidence) and in the TDF-2 trial (reduction of 63% in HIV incidence), but not in the Fem-PrEP or the VOICE trials in women. There are many potential explanations for these apparently conflicting results, such as the populations in which these strategies have been assessed, the differential pharmacokinetics of ART in the male and female genital tracts and most likely the high level of adherence which is required to confer protection against HIV acquisition. These results have also generated a lot of controversy about the implementation of PrEP. Some think that the data are good enough to rollout PrEP in key populations at higher risk. Others think more research is needed before PrEP is implemented because of concerns around safety, emerging resistance, cost and change in sexual behaviour that might offset the benefit of PrEP. Safety is indeed a major concern in healthy individuals. New studies are underway to address these issues and are assessing PrEP regimens in open-label studies (Iprex-OLE in MSM), intermittent PrEP regimens to try to improve adherence, new ART classes and new modalities of drug delivery. PrEP is therefore a promising biomedical intervention that might be used in the near future in addition to current prevention methods to prevent HIV infection and help control the spread of this infection. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Tenofovir, 1.00, 1), (Emtricitabine, 1.00, 1), (Serodiscordant, 1.00, 1), (CAPRISA_004, 1.00, 1), (Vertically_transmitted_infection, 1.00, 1), (Drug_delivery, 1.00, 1), (AIDS, 1.00, 2), (Pre-exposure_prophylaxis, 1.00, 2), (Post-exposure_prophylaxis, 1.00, 1), (Sub-Saharan_Africa, 1.00, 1), (Europe, 1.00, 1), (HIV, 0.99, 2), (Pharmacokinetics, 0.97, 1), (Clinical_trial, 0.83, 1), (Antiretroviral_drug, 0.81, 1), (Developed_country, 0.67, 1), (Sexual_intercourse, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 2 === ArticleID: 3E5KC2W44X18JHU6 SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: Differential assessment of the development of speed abilities in boy students | |
| URL: http://www.sportpedagogy.org.ua/html/journal/2010-04/10lvmabs.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'assessment of the development', u'speed abilities', u'students'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The norms of estimation of development of speed capabilities of students are certain in relation to different morphological indexes. 484 students of preparatory separation took part in researches. Students did not go in for sports systematic. From them it was a 151 student in age 17 years, 200 - in age 18 years and 133 - in age 19 years. The norms of differential estimation of development of speed capabilities of students are expected for 5 and 12-балльной a sigmoid scale. Norms are expected in relation to mass and length of body, circumference parameters of feet and thickness leather-fatty folds. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Student, 0.95, 2), (Differential, 0.95, 1), (International_System_of_Units, 0.90, 1), (Length, 0.87, 1), (Morphology_(biology), 0.86, 2), (Harshad_number, 0.82, -2) | |
| === 3 === ArticleID: 1XIK01ME8UMTO0LC SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Control of Towing Kites for Seagoing Vessels | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1202.3641 | |
| TAGS: [u'Systems and Control'] | |
| ABSTRACT: In this paper we present the basic features of the flight control of the SkySails towing kite system. After introduction of coordinate definitions and basic system dynamics we introduce a novel model used for controller design and justify its main dynamics with results from system identification based on numerous sea trials. We then present the controller design which we successfully use for operational flights for several years. Finally we explain the generation of dynamical flight patterns. | |
| CONCEPTS: (System_identification, 1.00, 2), (SkySails, 1.00, 1), (Power_kite, 1.00, 2), (Sea_trial, 1.00, 2), (Systems_theory, 0.99, 1), (Kite, 0.96, 1), (Aircraft, 0.80, 1), (Force, 0.77, 1), (Control_theory, 0.74, 1), (Mathematics, 0.70, 0), (Systems_engineering, 0.60, 1), (Aviation_history, 0.59, 0) | |
| === 4 === ArticleID: 91SNL0HDQW2F2EXS SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Neuroplasticity in mood disorders | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3181795/ | |
| TAGS: [u'bipolar disorder', u'major depressive disorder', u'neuro-imaging abnormalities', u'neuroplasticity', u'postmortem studies'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Neuroimaging and neuropathological studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) have identified abnormalities of brain structure in areas of the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, striatum, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and raphe nucleus. These structural imaging abnormalities persist across illness episodes, and preliminary evidence suggests they may in some cases arise prior to the onset of depressive episodes in subjects at high familial risk for MDD. In other cases, the magnitude of abnormality is reportedly correlated with time spent depressed. Postmortem histopathological studies of these regions have shown abnormal reductions of synaptic markers and glial cells, and, in rare cases, reductions in neurons in MDD and BD. Many of the regions affected by these structural abnormalities show increased glucose metabolism during depressive episodes. Because the glucose metabolic signal is dominated by glutamatergic transmission, these data support other evidence that excitatory amino acid transmission is elevated in limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic circuits during depression. Some of the subject samples in which these metabolic abnormalities have been demonstrated were also shown to manifest abnormally elevated stressed plasma cortisol levels. The co-occurrence of increased glutamatergic transmission and Cortisol hypersecretion raises the possibility that the gray matter volumetric reductions in these depressed subjects are partly accounted for by processes homologous to the dendritic atrophy induced by chronic stress in adult rodents, which depends upon interactions between elevated glucocorticoid secretion and N-meihyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-glutamate receptor stimulation. Some mood-stabilizing and antidepressant drugs that exert neurotrophic effects in rodents appear to reverse or attenuate the gray matter volume abnormalities in humans with mood disorders. These neurotrophic effects may be integrally related to the therapeutic effects of such agents, because the regions affected by structural abnormalities in mood disorders are known to play major roles in modulating the endocrine, autonomic, behavioral, and emotional experiential responses to stressors.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Parahippocampal_gyrus, 1.00, 1), (Mood_disorder, 1.00, 2), (Neuroplasticity, 1.00, 2), (Cortisol, 1.00, 1), (Prefrontal_cortex, 1.00, 1), (Neuroimaging, 1.00, 1), (Mood_stabilizer, 1.00, 1), (Amygdala, 1.00, 1), (Striatum, 1.00, 1), (Major_depressive_disorder, 1.00, 1), (Neuropathology, 1.00, 1), (Glucose, 1.00, 1), (Amino_acid, 1.00, 1), (Antidepressant, 1.00, 1), (Hippocampus, 0.99, 1), (Glucocorticoid, 0.99, 1), (Bipolar_disorder, 0.99, 1), (Receptor_(biochemistry), 0.99, 1), (Endocrine_system, 0.99, 1), (Atrophy, 0.99, 1), (Neuroglia, 0.98, 1), (Histopathology, 0.97, 1), (Plasma_(physics), 0.93, -1), (Glutamate, 0.89, 1), (Gray_matter, 0.87, 1), (Carbohydrate_metabolism, 0.86, 1), (Raphe_nucleus, 0.85, 1), (Neurotrophic, 0.80, 1), (Stress_(biology), 0.79, 1), (Neuron, 0.74, 1), (Brain, 0.61, 1), (Serotonin, 0.60, 1), (Illness, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 5 === ArticleID: Q2U2GQLWBMVEDBID SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Methanolic Extracts from the Aerial Parts of Barleria Montana in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats | |
| URL: http://www.phytojournal.com/vol2issue1/issue_may_2013/50.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'Acanthaceae', u'Antidiabetic activity', u'Barleria montana', u'Streptozotocin'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Based on ethnopharmacological information, Barleria montana has been used to treat diabetes by the tribals in and around tropical and subtropical areas. But there are no more scientific reports available about the antidiabetic activity of this plant. Hence the study was carried out to ascertain the activity. The plant was extracted with methanol in soxhlet apparatus and the extracts thus obtained were examined for acute toxicity studies in wistar albino rats at different doses upto 2000 mg/kg body weight. The plant extracts were also evaluated for antidiabetic activity at a dose levels of 100,200 and 400 mg/kg in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The plant extracts have not produced any toxic symptoms within the treated animals. The maximum reduction in blood glucose level was observed at 8 and 12th hr. after the oral administration of the 400 and 200 mg/kg b. w of methanolic extract of Barleria montana aerial parts respectively. From the observations, it was concluded that the reduction of blood glucose levels in diabetic rats was found to be dose dependent and also dependent on duration of action. So it might be useful in the treatment of diabetes without toxicity. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Streptozotocin, 1.00, 1), (Barleria, 1.00, 1), (Ethnomedicine, 1.00, 2), (Albinism, 1.00, 0), (Montana, 1.00, 0), (Blood_sugar, 0.97, 1), (Barleria_Montana, 0.91, 2), (Blood_glucose, 0.90, 1), (Diabetes_mellitus, 0.82, 2) | |
| === 6 === ArticleID: R7C6OSLN1HYI7L1O SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Effect of N Fertilizer Application on Growth and Yield of Inoculated Soybean | |
| URL: http://www.notulaebotanicae.ro/index.php/nbha/article/view/90 | |
| TAGS: [u'cultivar', u'japonicum', u'total microbial abundance'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The paper studied the effects of different nitrogen rates (0, 30, 60, 90 kg N/ha) on the soybean cultivar Proteinka, inoculated with the NS - Nitragin microbial fertilizer. Trials were set up at Backi Petrovac on a soil with no previous history of soybean cultivation. Samples of plant material were taken twice, once at soybean flowering and once at maturity. At flowering, the largest mass and length of the above-ground plant parts were recorded in the treatment with 60 kg N/ha, while the largest nodule number, mass and N content were obtained with 30 kg N/ha. The largest pod, grain numbers and grain mass and N content were produced by the inoculated treatment with no N added, and that was the treatment that produced the largest yield as well. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Soybean, 1.00, 2), (Nitrogen, 0.93, 1), (Effect, 0.84, 1), (Plant, 0.72, 1), (International_System_of_Units, 0.71, 0), (Nitrogen_fixation, 0.70, 2), (Fruit, 0.69, 1), (Data_storage_device, 0.68, -2), (Bački_Petrovac, 0.67, 1) | |
| === 7 === ArticleID: QKD48BKWNF7PUEKR SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Coulomb Ordering in Anderson-Localized Electron Systems | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0110091 | |
| TAGS: [u'Disordered Systems and Neural Networks'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We consider an electron system under conditions of strong Anderson localization, taking into account interelectron long-range Coulomb repulsion. We have established that with the electron density going to zero the Coulomb interaction brings the arrangement of the Anderson localized electrons closer and closer to an ideal (Wigner) crystal lattice, provided the temperature is sufficiently low and the dimension of the system is > 1. The ordering occurs despite the fact that a random spread of the energy levels of the localized one-electron states, exceeding the mean Coulomb energy per electron, renders it impossible the electrons to be self-localized due to their mutual Coulomb repulsion This differs principally the Coulomb ordered Anderson localized electron system (COALES) from Wigner crystal, Wigner glass, and any other ordered electron or hole system that results from the Coulomb self-localization of electrons/holes. The residual disorder inherent to COALES is found to bring about a multi-valley ground-state degeneration akin to that in spin glass. With the electron density increasing, COALES is revealed to turn into Wigner glass or a glassy state of a Fermi-glass type depending on the width of the random spread of the electron levels. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Spin_glass, 1.00, 1), (Coulomb's_law, 1.00, 1), (Anderson_localization, 1.00, 1), (Electron, 1.00, 1), (Crystal_structure, 1.00, 1), (Coulomb, 0.97, 1), (Electron_density, 0.96, 1), (Anderson-Localized_Electron_Systems, 0.96, 1), (Anderson, 0.93, 1), (Electric_charge, 0.87, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.87, 1), (Solid, 0.76, 1), (Magnetic_field, 0.74, 1), (Electrostatics, 0.72, 1), (Crystal, 0.71, 1), (Neural_Networks, 0.69, -2), (Glass, 0.67, 1) | |
| === 8 === ArticleID: 8MULNKLRQ9OE2R7B SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Ascariasis cholecystitis: An unusual cause | |
| URL: http://www.journalofmas.com/article.asp?issn=0972-9941;year=2008;volume=4;issue=4;spage=108;epage=110;aulast=shetty | |
| TAGS: [u'Ascariasis', u'cholecystectomy', u'cholecystitis'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Ascariasis is the most common helminthic infection to infest man. Usually the adult worm lives in the small intestine. Rarely it migrates through the ampulla of vater and enters the common bile duct. We are reporting a case of gall bladder ascariasis causing acute cholecystitis treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Presence of Ascaris lumbricoides in gallbladder is rare entity as it is difficult to reach there due to the narrow and tortuous cystic duct.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Vater, 1.00, 0), (Cystic_duct, 1.00, 1), (Cholecystectomy, 1.00, 2), (Cholecystitis, 1.00, 2), (Ascariasis, 1.00, 2), (Common_bile_duct, 1.00, 2), (Ascaris_lumbricoides, 0.98, 2), (Intestine, 0.97, 1), (Ampulla, 0.95, 1), (Hepatology, 0.95, 1), (Bile, 0.79, 1), (Liver, 0.79, 1), (Common_hepatic_duct, 0.76, 1), (Digestive_system, 0.76, 1), (Cholecystokinin, 0.62, 1), (Laparoscopic_surgery, 0.56, 1) | |
| === 9 === ArticleID: PH25LP1W0PF9IDBN SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Extraction and purification of the lectin found in the tubers of Eranthis hyemalis,winter aconite | |
| URL: http://www.jiomics.com/index.php/jio/article/view/72 | |
| TAGS: [u'Affinity chromatography', u'Lectin', u'Ribosome Inactivating Proteins', u'SDS-PAGE'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Lectin are proteins which play an important role in the defence mechanisms of plants against the attack of microorganisms and insects: this role has provoked particular interest in the fields of biotechnology and agriculture. This paper describes the extraction and purification of the lectin found in tubers of the winter aconite (Eranthis hyemalis), with the aim of improving and modernising the existing extraction protocol. The Eranthis hyemalis lectin (EHL) is a member of the type-2 Ribosome Inactivating Proteins (RIP) family, proteins which have the ability to inhibit in vitro protein synthesis. RIPs have been linked to plant defence by their antiviral, antifungal and insecticidal properties, and some have been found to be potent inhibitors of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) virus. EHL was purified using affinity column chromatography and ammonium sulphate precipitation; thiourea was used as antioxidant in order to prevent EHL denaturing during the extraction process. The presence of EHL in the extract was verified using a blood agglutination test with rabbit erythrocytes. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis was employed to determine the lectin size; EHL was found to be formed of two chains with molecular weights of approximately 31 kDa; the size of the whole protein was estimated as approximately 60 kDa. The concentration of the EHL in the post-column eluent, determined using the Bradford Assay, was 380.1 μg. cm-3. This improved extraction protocol is the first step which will enable future research on the potential use of EHL in crop protection, by studying its insecticidal, fungicidal and bactericidal properties. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Elution, 1.00, 2), (Affinity_chromatography, 1.00, 1), (HIV, 1.00, 1), (Ammonium_sulphate, 1.00, 1), (Lectin, 1.00, 2), (Polyacrylamide_gel_electrophoresis, 1.00, 1), (Bradford_protein_assay, 1.00, 1), (Fungicide, 1.00, 1), (Thiourea, 1.00, 1), (Microorganism, 1.00, 1), (Bactericide, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (Biotechnology, 1.00, 1), (Insect, 1.00, 1), (Agriculture, 1.00, 1), (Rabbit, 1.00, 0), (Antioxidant, 1.00, 1), (Insecticide, 0.99, 1), (Virus, 0.99, 1), (Denaturation_(biochemistry), 0.99, 1), (Defence_mechanisms, 0.98, 1), (Precipitation_(chemistry), 0.91, 1), (Column_chromatography, 0.83, 1), (Molecular_biology, 0.83, 1), (SDS-PAGE, 0.78, 1), (Gel_electrophoresis, 0.73, 1), (Protein_synthesis, 0.66, 1), (Agglutination, 0.65, 1), (Coomassie, 0.61, 1), (Protein_methods, 0.61, 1), (Crop_protection, 0.60, 1), (Electrophoresis, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 10 === ArticleID: 37NXSO1NMB847MJT SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: A mixed spectral method for incompressible viscous fluid flow in an infinite strip | |
| URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=s1807-03022005000300002 | |
| TAGS: [u'incompressible viscous fluid flow', u'infinite strip', u'mixed Legendre-Legendre rational spectral method'] | |
| ABSTRACT: This paper considers the numerical simulation of incompressible viscous fluid flow in an infinite strip. A mixed spectral method is proposed using the Legendre approximation in one direction and the Legendre rational approximation in another direction. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of this approach. Some results on the mixed Legendre-Legendre rational approximation are established, from which the stability and convergence of proposed method follow. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Spectral_method, 1.00, 2), (Legendre, 0.97, 1), (Viscosity, 0.97, 1), (Fluid_dynamics, 0.95, 2), (Fluid, 0.84, 1), (Compressibility, 0.83, 1), (Fluid_mechanics, 0.65, 1), (Real_number, 0.63, 0) | |
| === 11 === ArticleID: U33PM4CJ6K6JX67Q SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Delocalized membrane model | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0105067 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: A model considered in the paper generalizes membrane theory to the case of delocalized membranes. The model admits covariant formulation, which involves no constraints. It generalizes the notion of membrane to the case of smooth distribution of non-intersecting membranes. A generalization of p-brane solution with delocalized membranes is presented. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Physics, 0.97, 1), (Delocalized, 0.96, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.91, 1), (String_theory, 0.89, 1), (Membrane_(M-Theory), 0.84, 2), (Particle_physics, 0.78, 1), (Matter, 0.77, 1), (M-theory, 0.67, 1), (Photon, 0.66, 1) | |
| === 12 === ArticleID: HE8P7Z6EJ9CM08Z5 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Theory of superfluidity and drag force in the one-dimensional Bose gas | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1106.6329 | |
| TAGS: [u'Atomic Physics', u'Quantum Gases', u'Quantum Physics', u'Statistical Mechanics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The one-dimensional Bose gas is an unusual superfluid. In contrast to higher spatial dimensions, the existence of non-classical rotational inertia is not directly linked to the dissipationless motion of infinitesimal impurities. Recently, experimental tests with ultracold atoms have begun and quantitative predictions for the drag force experienced by moving obstacles have become available. This topical review discusses the drag force obtained from linear response theory in relation to Landau's criterion of superfluidity. Based upon improved analytical and numerical understanding of the dynamical structure factor, results for different obstacle potentials are obtained, including single impurities, optical lattices and random potentials generated from speckle patterns. The dynamical breakdown of superfluidity in random potentials is discussed in relation to Anderson localization and the predicted superfluid-insulator transition in these systems. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Structure_factor, 1.00, 1), (Linear_response_function, 1.00, 1), (Optical_lattice, 1.00, 1), (Bose_gas, 1.00, 2), (Dissipation, 1.00, 1), (Anderson_localization, 1.00, 1), (Atom, 1.00, 1), (Infinitesimal, 0.99, 1), (Physics, 0.99, 1), (Drag_(physics), 0.93, 1), (Landau, 0.87, 1), (Moment_of_inertia, 0.87, 1), (Force, 0.78, 1), (Anderson, 0.76, 1), (Classical_mechanics, 0.75, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.63, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 13 === ArticleID: SN8Z8V3V227LW1X3 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Measurement of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix Element |Vub| with B→ρeν Decays | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/0301001 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Experiment'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We present a measurement of the branching fraction for the rare decays B->rho e nu and extract a value for the magnitude of Vub, one of the smallest elements of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark-mixing matrix. The results are given for five different calculations of form factors used to parametrize the hadronic current in semileptonic decays. Using a sample of 55 million BBbar meson pairs recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+e- storage ring, we obtain Br(B 0->rho- e+ nu)=(3.29 +-0.42 +-0.47 +-0.60) x 10^-4 and |Vub|=(3.64 +-0.22 +-0.25 +0.39-0.56)x10^-3, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and theoretical, respectively. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa_matrix, 1.00, 1), (Storage_ring, 1.00, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.97, 1), (Physics, 0.75, 1), (Quark, 0.73, 1), (Mathematics, 0.57, 1) | |
| === 14 === ArticleID: 5REIMU02GS3YQBS4 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Phase Separated BEC for High-Sensitivity Force Measurement | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0711.4007 | |
| TAGS: [u'Other Condensed Matter', u'Quantum Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We propose a device that consists of a trapped two-component phase- separated Bose-Einstein condensate to measure small forces and map weak potential energy landscapes. The resolution as well as the measurement precision of this device can be set dynamically, allowing measurements at multiple scales. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Bose–Einstein_condensate, 1.00, 2), (Energy, 0.94, 1), (Physics, 0.92, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.91, 1), (Quantum_Physics, 0.90, 1), (Force, 0.86, 1), (Photon, 0.83, 1), (Condensed_matter_physics, 0.82, 1), (Atom, 0.67, 1), (Classical_mechanics, 0.65, 1) | |
| === 15 === ArticleID: S45Y3WL964YT2UEF SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Multidrug Resistant 2009 A/H1N1 Influenza Clinical Isolate with a Neuraminidase I223R Mutation Retains Its Virulence and Transmissibility in Ferrets | |
| URL: http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002276 | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Only two classes of antiviral drugs, neuraminidase inhibitors and adamantanes, are approved for prophylaxis and therapy against influenza virus infections. A major concern is that influenza virus becomes resistant to these antiviral drugs and spreads in the human population. The 2009 pandemic A/H 1 N 1 influenza virus is naturally resistant to adamantanes. Recently a novel neuraminidase I 223 R mutation was identified in an A/H 1 N 1 virus showing cross-resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir, zanamivir and peramivir. However, the ability of this virus to cause disease and spread in the human population is unknown. Therefore, this clinical isolate (NL/2631-R 223) was compared with a well-characterized reference virus (NL/602). <italic>In vitro</italic> experiments showed that NL/2631-I 223 R replicated as well as NL/602 in MDCK cells. In a ferret pathogenesis model, body weight loss was similar in animals inoculated with NL/2631-R 223 or NL/602. In addition, pulmonary lesions were similar at day 4 post inoculation. However, at day 7 post inoculation, NL/2631-R 223 caused milder pulmonary lesions and degree of alveolitis than NL/602. This indicated that the mutant virus was less pathogenic. Both NL/2631-R 223 and a recombinant virus with a single I 223 R change (recNL/602-I 223 R), transmitted among ferrets by aerosols, despite observed attenuation of recNL/602-I 223 R <italic>in vitro</italic>. In conclusion, the I 223 R mutated virus isolate has comparable replicative ability and transmissibility, but lower pathogenicity than the reference virus based on these <italic>in vivo</italic> studies. This implies that the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H 1 N 1 virus subtype with an isoleucine to arginine change at position 223 in the neuraminidase has the potential to spread in the human population. It is important to be vigilant for this mutation in influenza surveillance and to continue efforts to increase the arsenal of antiviral drugs to combat influenza.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Cross-resistance, 1.00, 2), (Isoleucine, 1.00, 1), (Recombinant_virus, 1.00, 1), (Arginine, 1.00, 1), (Zanamivir, 1.00, 1), (Antiviral_drug, 1.00, 2), (Peramivir, 1.00, 1), (Inoculation, 1.00, 1), (Ferret, 1.00, 2), (Influenza, 1.00, 1), (Mutation, 1.00, 1), (Preventive_healthcare, 0.99, 1), (Virus, 0.99, 1), (Pandemic, 0.99, 1), (Neuraminidase, 0.96, 1), (Pathogenesis, 0.91, 2), (Mutant, 0.90, 1), (Pathogen, 0.90, 1), (Pandemic_influenza, 0.86, 1), (Aerosol, 0.80, 1), (Influenza_A_virus, 0.80, 1), (Neuraminidase_inhibitor, 0.79, 1) | |
| === 16 === ArticleID: F3VO61A640WIHP9O SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Efficiently Computing Minimal Sets of Critical Pairs | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/math/0310130 | |
| TAGS: [u'Algebraic geometry', u'Commutative Algebra'] | |
| ABSTRACT: In the computation of a Gr"obner basis using Buchberger's algorithm, a key issue for improving the efficiency is to produce techniques for avoiding as many unnecessary critical pairs as possible. A good solution would be to avoid _all_ non-minimal critical pairs, and hence to process only a_minimal_ set of generators of the module generated by the critical syzygies. In this paper we show how to obtain that desired solution in the homogeneous case while retaining the same efficiency as with the classical implementation. As a consequence, we get a new Optimized Buchberger Algorithm. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Critical_pair_(logic), 1.00, 1), (Buchberger's_algorithm, 1.00, 1), (Algebraic_geometry, 1.00, 1), (Algebra, 1.00, 1), (Group_(mathematics), 0.95, 1), (Gröbner_basis, 0.94, 2), (Buchberger, 0.94, 1), (Geometry, 0.83, 1), (Commutative_Algebra, 0.82, 1), (Commutative_ring, 0.74, 1), (Mathematics, 0.69, 1), (Homological_algebra, 0.67, 1), (Mathematics_in_medieval_Islam, 0.63, -2) | |
| === 17 === ArticleID: CPZ4FJ140LX3NPPK SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Winds of change - a molecular outflow in NGC 1377? The anatomy of an extreme FIR-excess galaxy | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.4858 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics of Galaxies', u'Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We use high (0."65 x 0."52,(65x52pc)) resolution SubMillimeter Array (SMA) observations to image the CO and 13 CO 2-1 line emission of the extreme FIR-excess galaxy NGC 1377. We find bright, complex CO 2-1 line emission in the inner 400 pc of the galaxy. The CO 2-1 line has wings that are tracing a kinematical component which appears perpendicular to that of the line core. Together with an intriguing X-shape of the integrated intensity and dispersion maps, this suggests that the molecular emission of NGC 1377 consists of a disk-outflow system. Lower limits to the molecular mass and outflow rate are M_out(H 2)>1e7 Msun and dM/dt>8 Msun/yr. The age of the proposed outflow is estimated to 1.4 Myrs, the extent to 200pc and the outflow speed to 140 km/s. The total molecular mass in the SMA map is estimated to M_tot(H 2)=1.5e8 Msun (on a scale of 400 pc) while in the inner r=29 pc the molecular mass is M_core(H 2)=1.7e7 Msun with a corresponding H 2 column density of N(H 2)=3.4e23 cm-2 and an average CO 2-1 brightness temperature of 19 K. Observing the molecular properties of the FIR-excess galaxy NGC 1377 allows us to probe the early stages of nuclear activity and the onset of feedback in active galaxies. The age of the outflow supports the notion that the current nuclear activity is young - a few Myrs. The outflow may be powered by radiation pressure from a compact, dust enshrouded nucleus, but other driving mechanisms are possible. The buried source may be an AGN or an extremely young (1 Myr) compact starburst. Limitations on size and mass lead us to favour the AGN scenario, but further studies are required to settle the issue. In either case, the wind with its implied mass outflow rate will quench the nuclear power source within a very short time of 5-25 Myrs. It is however possible that the gas is unable to escape the galaxy and may eventually fall back onto NGC 1377 again. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Emission_spectrum, 1.00, 2), (Submillimeter_Array, 1.00, 1), (Area_density, 1.00, 1), (Brightness_temperature, 1.00, 1), (Active_galactic_nucleus, 1.00, 1), (Molecular_mass, 1.00, 1), (Radiation_pressure, 1.00, 1), (Nuclear_power, 1.00, 1), (Galaxy, 0.99, 1), (Dispersion_(optics), 0.91, 1), (Wind, 0.83, 1), (Astrophysics, 0.79, 2), (Nongalactic_Astrophysics, 0.78, 1), (Starburst_galaxy, 0.77, 1), (Atomic_mass_unit, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 18 === ArticleID: F5C2L3704SA9XNZD SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Coding Versus ARQ in Fading Channels: How reliable should the PHY be? | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0904.0226 | |
| TAGS: [u'Information Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: This paper studies the tradeoff between channel coding and ARQ (automatic repeat request) in Rayleigh block-fading channels. A heavily coded system corresponds to a low transmission rate with few ARQ re-transmissions, whereas lighter coding corresponds to a higher transmitted rate but more re-transmissions. The optimum error probability, where optimum refers to the maximization of the average successful throughput, is derived and is shown to be a decreasing function of the average signal-to-noise ratio and of the channel diversity order. A general conclusion of the work is that the optimum error probability is quite large (e. g., 10% or larger) for reasonable channel parameters, and that operating at a very small error probability can lead to a significantly reduced throughput. This conclusion holds even when a number of practical ARQ considerations, such as delay constraints and acknowledgement feedback errors, are taken into account. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Automatic_repeat_request, 1.00, 2), (Signal-to-noise_ratio, 1.00, 1), (Information_theory, 1.00, 1), (Data_transmission, 0.98, 1), (PHY_(chip), 0.98, 2), (Probability_theory, 0.90, 1), (Channel_capacity, 0.85, 2), (Function_(mathematics), 0.80, 1), (Error_detection_and_correction, 0.80, 2), (NBCSN, 0.77, 1), (Rayleigh_fading, 0.68, 1), (Coding_theory, 0.64, 1) | |
| === 19 === ArticleID: 5B008E8E1A9EHKQ1 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: A new scheme to calculate isotope effects | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3168760/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Computational chemistry', u'Isotope effects', u'Molecular modeling'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>We present a new scheme to calculate isotope effects. Only selected frequencies at the target level of theory are calculated. The frequencies are selected by an analysis of the Hessian from a lower level of theory. We obtain accurate isotope effects without calculating the full Hessian at the target level of theory. The calculated frequencies are very accurate. The scheme converges to the correct isotope effect.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Molecular_modeling, 1.00, 2), (Computational_chemistry, 1.00, 1), (Isotope, 1.00, 2), (Molecule, 0.89, 1), (Chemistry, 0.87, 1), (Quantum_chemistry, 0.68, 1) | |
| === 20 === ArticleID: LEG3X6ROHM8GXNOB SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: ASPECTS REGARDING THE MECHANISM OF BANK LENDING FOR INDIVIDUALS | |
| URL: http://www.uvvg.ro/studiaeconomia/images/2012/p1/5.%20%20david%20delia,%20szabo%20ioan%20alexandru%20-%20aspects%20regarding%20the%20mechanism%20of%20bank%20lending%20for%20individuals.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'commercial banks', u'credit scoring method', u'discriminatory analysis', u'individuals', u'lend mechanism'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The crediting transactions are very important within the intermediation activity which the commercial banks perform and these represent at the same time the main asset transactions. The manner of approach of this activity differs depending on the type of the client who can be an individual, a legal entity or a credit institution. We aim at emphasizing aspects related to the loans granted to individuals by commercial banks and especially at underlining the importance of the choice regarding the risk evaluation method when analyzing the credit file. In regards to the research methodology, we used the descriptive method. We conducted a qualitative research based on the observation of some aspects, as well as a quantitative one. The conclusions of the achieved study are presented at the end of this paper. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Credit_score, 1.00, 2), (Scientific_method, 0.95, 1), (Commercial_bank, 0.95, 1), (Credit, 0.84, 1), (Bank, 0.80, 1), (Credit_(finance), 0.76, 2) | |
| === 21 === ArticleID: 09J717JS392CYXPF SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: The transition between BL Lac objects and Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1012.0308 | |
| TAGS: [u'Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We study the BL Lac objects detected in the one year all sky survey of the Fermi satellite, with a energy spectral slope alpha_gamma in the [0.1-100 GeV] band greater than 1.2. In the alpha_gamma vs gamma-ray luminosity plane, these BL Lacs occupy the region populated by Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs). Studying the properties of their spectral energy distributions (SED) and of their emitting lines, we find that several of these BL Lacs have a SED similar to FSRQs and that they do have broad lines of large equivalent width, and should be reclassified as FSRQs even adopting the current phenomenological definition (i. e. equivalent width EW of the emitting line greater than 5 A). In other cases, even if the EW width is small, the emitting lines can be as luminous as in quasars, and again their SED is similar to the SED of FSRQs. Sources classified as BL Lacs with a SED appearing as intermediate between BL Lacs and FSRQs also have relatively weak broad emission lines and small EW, and can be considered as transition sources. These properties are confirmed also by model fitting, that allows to derive the relevant intrinsic jet parameters and the jet power. This study leads us to propose a physical distinction between the two classes of blazars, based on the luminosity of the broad line region measured in Eddington units. The dividing line is of the order of L_BLR/L_Edd 5e-4, in good agreement with the idea that the presence of strong emitting lines is related to a transition in the accretion regime, becoming radiatively inefficient below a disk luminosity of the order of one per cent of the Eddington one. | |
| CONCEPTS: (BL_Lac_object, 1.00, 2), (Blazar, 1.00, 1), (Quasar, 1.00, 2), (Spectrum_Radio, 1.00, 1), (Flat_Spectrum_Radio_Quasars, 0.94, 1), (Phenomenology, 0.92, 0), (Accretion_(astrophysics), 0.73, 1), (Cosmology_and_Nongalactic_Astrophysics, 0.69, 1), (OVV_quasar, 0.63, 1), (BL_Lacertae, 0.58, 1), (Gamma_ray, 0.56, 1) | |
| === 22 === ArticleID: 0HY7NJPTHHB5GZ48 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Microscopic mechanisms for the Fermi-liquid behavior of Nb-doped strontium titanate | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.0623 | |
| TAGS: [u'Strongly Correlated Electrons'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The relaxation rate in Nb-doped strontium titanate involving different scattering channels is investigated theoretically. It is demonstrated that the total relaxation rate in SrTiO_{3} is provided mainly by two mechanisms. The Baber electron-electron scattering with participation of both Coulomb and phonon-mediated electron-electron interactions provides the T^{2}-dependence of the relaxation rate. The scattering on the potential landscape caused by impurities is responsible for the residual relaxation rate at low temperatures. A good agreement with experiment is achieved accounting for all phonon branches in strontium titanate, both the optical and acoustic phonons. It is shown that the effective electron-electron interaction can be attractive in strontium titanate, and provides superconductivity at low temperatures and Fermi-liquid response in a wide range of temperatures. Thus our microscopic model supports the notion that superconductivity and Fermi-liquid properties of n-type SrTiO_{3} have a common origin. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Strontium_titanate, 1.00, 2), (BCS_theory, 1.00, 1), (Phonon, 1.00, 1), (Strongly_correlated_material, 1.00, 1), (Fermi_liquid_theory, 1.00, 1), (Superconductivity, 1.00, 1), (Scattering, 0.99, 1), (Condensed_matter_physics, 0.95, 1), (Electron, 0.85, 1), (Energy, 0.80, 1), (Photon, 0.76, 1), (Quasiparticle, 0.68, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.62, 1), (Relativistic_heat_conduction, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 23 === ArticleID: 6XYRG3R167B3PM5P SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: The expanding universe of transposon technologies for gene and cell engineering | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3016246/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Transposable elements can be viewed as natural DNA transfer vehicles that, similar to integrating viruses, are capable of efficient genomic insertion. The mobility of class II transposable elements (DNA transposons) can be controlled by conditionally providing the transposase component of the transposition reaction. Thus, a DNA of interest (be it a fluorescent marker, a small hairpin (sh)RNA expression cassette, a mutagenic gene trap or a therapeutic gene construct) cloned between the inverted repeat sequences of a transposon-based vector can be used for stable genomic insertion in a regulated and highly efficient manner. This methodological paradigm opened up a number of avenues for genome manipulations in vertebrates, including transgenesis for the generation of transgenic cells in tissue culture, the production of germline transgenic animals for basic and applied research, forward genetic screens for functional gene annotation in model species, and therapy of genetic disorders in humans. <italic>Sleeping Beauty </italic>(<italic>SB</italic>) was the first transposon shown to be capable of gene transfer in vertebrate cells, and recent results confirm that <italic>SB </italic>supports a full spectrum of genetic engineering including transgenesis, insertional mutagenesis, and therapeutic somatic gene transfer both <italic>ex vivo </italic>and <italic>in vivo</italic>. The first clinical application of the <italic>SB </italic>system will help to validate both the safety and efficacy of this approach. In this review, we describe the major transposon systems currently available (with special emphasis on <italic>SB</italic>), discuss the various parameters and considerations pertinent to their experimental use, and highlight the state of the art in transposon technology in diverse genetic applications.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Transposable_element, 1.00, 1), (Transgenesis, 1.00, 1), (Model_organism, 1.00, 1), (Transposase, 1.00, 1), (Genetic_screen, 1.00, 1), (Genetic_disorder, 1.00, 1), (Inverted_repeat, 1.00, 1), (Insertional_mutagenesis, 1.00, 1), (Gene, 1.00, 1), (DNA, 1.00, 1), (Engineering, 1.00, 1), (RNA, 1.00, 1), (Fluorescence, 0.99, 1), (Genetics, 0.98, 1), (Virus, 0.97, 1), (Germline, 0.93, 1), (SB, 0.91, 1), (Mutation, 0.87, 1), (Molecular_biology, 0.78, 1), (Plasmid, 0.76, 1), (Stem-loop, 0.75, 1), (Evolution, 0.70, 1), (Sleeping_Beauty, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 24 === ArticleID: BVEQXW0ODP9N6I75 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Fitness Uniform Deletion: A Simple Way to Preserve Diversity | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0504035 | |
| TAGS: [u'Artificial Intelligence', u'Computing Methodologies', u'Neural and Evolutionary Computing'] | |
| ABSTRACT: A commonly experienced problem with population based optimisation methods is the gradual decline in population diversity that tends to occur over time. This can slow a system's progress or even halt it completely if the population converges on a local optimum from which it cannot escape. In this paper we present the Fitness Uniform Deletion Scheme (FUDS), a simple but somewhat unconventional approach to this problem. Under FUDS the deletion operation is modified to only delete those individuals which are "common" in the sense that there exist many other individuals of similar fitness in the population. This makes it impossible for the population to collapse to a collection of highly related individuals with similar fitness. Our experimental results on a range of optimisation problems confirm this, in particular for deceptive optimisation problems the performance is significantly more robust to variation in the selection intensity. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Local_optimum, 1.00, 1), (Artificial_Intelligence, 1.00, 2), (Evolution, 0.94, 1), (Neural_and_Evolutionary_Computing, 0.86, 1), (Natural_selection, 0.74, 2), (Logic, 0.72, 1), (DNA, 0.71, -2), (Problem_solving, 0.61, 1), (Neural_network, 0.57, 0) | |
| === 25 === ArticleID: CZ3TTCC5LIJ2VD0U SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: First Order Phase Transitions in Gravitational Collapse | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9802002 | |
| TAGS: [u'General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: In recent numerical simulations of spherically symmetric gravitational collapse a new type of critical behaviour, dominated by a sphaleron solution, has been found. In contrast to the previously studied models, in this case there is a finite gap in the spectrum of black-hole masses which is reminiscent of a first order phase transition. We briefly summarize the essential features of this phase transition and describe the basic heuristic picture underlying the numerical phenomenology. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Phase_transition, 1.00, 2), (Quantum_cosmology, 1.00, 1), (Sphaleron, 1.00, 1), (General_relativity, 1.00, 2), (Phenomenology, 0.98, 1), (Heuristic, 0.91, 1), (Quantum_gravity, 0.73, 1), (Ehrenfest_equations, 0.68, 1), (Superconductivity, 0.66, 1), (Big_Bang, 0.64, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.62, 1), (Renormalization_group, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 26 === ArticleID: QK105U70USXQMNKX SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: redMaPPer I: Algorithm and SDSS DR8 Catalog | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1303.3562 | |
| TAGS: [u'Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We describe redMaPPer, a new red-sequence cluster finder specifically designed to make optimal use of ongoing and near-future large photometric surveys. The algorithm has multiple attractive features: (1) It can iteratively self-train the red-sequence model based on minimal spectroscopic training sample, an important feature for high redshift surveys; (2) It can handle complex masks with varying depth; (3) It produces cluster-appropriate random points to enable large-scale structure studies; (4) All clusters are assigned a full redshift probability distribution P(z); (5) Similarly, clusters can have multiple candidate central galaxies, each with corresponding centering probabilities; (6) The algorithm is parallel and numerically efficient: it can run a Dark Energy Survey-like catalog in 500 CPU hours; (7) The algorithm exhibits excellent photometric redshift performance, the richness estimates are tightly correlated with external mass proxies, and the completeness and purity of the corresponding catalogs is superb. We apply the redMaPPer algorithm to 10,000 deg^2 of SDSS DR 8 data, and present the resulting catalog of 25,000 clusters over the redshift range 0.08<z<0.55. The redMaPPer photometric redshifts are nearly Gaussian, with a scatter \sigma_z 0.006 at z 0.1, increasing to \sigma_z 0.02 at z 0.5 due to increased photometric noise near the survey limit. The median value for |\Delta z|/(1+z) for the full sample is 0.006. The incidence of projection effects is low (<=5%). Detailed performance comparisons of the redMaPPer DR 8 cluster catalog to X-ray and SZ catalogs are presented in a companion paper | |
| CONCEPTS: (Photometric_redshift, 1.00, 1), (Redshift_survey, 1.00, 2), (Algorithm, 1.00, 2), (Observable_universe, 1.00, 1), (SDSS, 1.00, 1), (Redshift, 0.99, 1), (X-ray, 0.99, 1), (Photometry_(astronomy), 0.95, 1), (Spectroscopy, 0.92, 1), (Cosmology_and_Nongalactic_Astrophysics, 0.91, 1), (Universe, 0.89, 1), (General_relativity, 0.89, 1), (Large-scale_structure_of_the_cosmos, 0.89, 1), (RedMaPPer, 0.88, 1), (Hubble's_law, 0.87, 1), (Physical_cosmology, 0.87, 1), (Galaxy, 0.79, 1), (Accelerating_universe, 0.72, 1), (Dark_Energy, 0.68, 1) | |
| === 27 === ArticleID: 99TMNJH5O1TKPOXK SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: A Case Study for Effects of Operational Taxonomic Units from Intracellular Endoparasites and Ciliates on the Eukaryotic Phylogeny: Phylogenetic Position of the Haptophyta in Analyses of Multiple Slowly Evolving Genes | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3511332/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Recent multigene phylogenetic analyses have contributed much to our understanding of eukaryotic phylogeny. However, the phylogenetic positions of various lineages within the eukaryotes have remained unresolved or in conflict between different phylogenetic studies. These phylogenetic ambiguities might have resulted from mixtures or integration from various factors including limited taxon sampling, missing data in the alignment, saturations of rapidly evolving genes, mixed analyses of short- and long-branched operational taxonomic units (OTUs), intracellular endoparasite and ciliate OTUs with unusual substitution etc. In order to evaluate the effects from intracellular endoparasite and ciliate OTUs co-analyzed on the eukaryotic phylogeny and simplify the results, we here used two different sets of data matrices of multiple slowly evolving genes with small amounts of missing data and examined the phylogenetic position of the secondary photosynthetic chromalveolates Haptophyta, one of the most abundant groups of oceanic phytoplankton and significant primary producers. In both sets, a robust sister relationship between Haptophyta and SAR (stramenopiles, alveolates, rhizarians, or SA [stramenopiles and alveolates]) was resolved when intracellular endoparasite/ciliate OTUs were excluded, but not in their presence. Based on comparisons of character optimizations on a fixed tree (with a clade composed of haptophytes and SAR or SA), disruption of the monophyly between haptophytes and SAR (or SA) in the presence of intracellular endoparasite/ciliate OTUs can be considered to be a result of multiple evolutionary reversals of character positions that supported the synapomorphy of the haptophyte and SAR (or SA) clade in the absence of intracellular endoparasite/ciliate OTUs.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Alveolate, 1.00, 1), (Haptophyte, 1.00, 2), (Eukaryote, 1.00, 1), (Parasitism, 1.00, 1), (Ciliate, 1.00, 1), (Heterokont, 1.00, 1), (Chromalveolata, 1.00, 1), (Phylogenetics, 1.00, 1), (Taxon, 1.00, 1), (Synapomorphy, 1.00, 1), (Matrix_(mathematics), 1.00, 1), (Phytoplankton, 1.00, 1), (Operational_taxonomic_unit, 0.99, 2), (Rhizaria, 0.98, 1), (Gene, 0.98, 1), (Effects_of_Operational_Taxonomic_Units, 0.86, 1), (Monophyly, 0.84, 1), (Organism, 0.79, 1), (Fungus, 0.79, 1), (Bacteria, 0.78, 1), (Cladistics, 0.77, 1), (Evolution, 0.77, 1), (Species, 0.68, 1), (Molecular_biology, 0.67, 1) | |
| === 28 === ArticleID: K2XB69PA82NVPDMF SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: A plethora of angiopoietin-2 effects during clinical sepsis | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2911750/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>The interesting study by Davis and colleagues in the current issue of <italic>Critical Care </italic>expands on the increasingly recognized role of angiopoietins in human sepsis but raises a number of questions, which are discussed in this commentary. The authors describe an association between elevated angiopoietin (ang)-2 levels and impaired vascular reactivity, measured by the partly nitric oxide-dependent finger hyperemic response to forearm vascular occlusion, in patients with sepsis. This suggests that the ang-1/2-Tie2 system is involved in a number of pathophysiologic, phenotypic and perhaps prognostic alterations in human sepsis, on top of the effect on pulmonary endothelial barrier function. The novel inflammatory route may be a target for future therapeutic studies in human sepsis and acute lung injury, including those with activated protein C.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Angiopoietin, 1.00, 2), (Acute_lung_injury, 1.00, 1), (Hyperaemia, 1.00, 1), (Sepsis, 1.00, 2), (Protein_C, 0.83, 1), (Critical_Care, 0.78, 1), (Davis, 0.75, 1), (Pneumonia, 0.74, 1), (Novel, 0.59, 0), (Activated_protein_C_resistance, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 29 === ArticleID: TL7K22TO7QMW3O3J SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Universality of the Einstein equations for Ricci squared Lagrangians | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9611067 | |
| TAGS: [u'General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology', u'High Energy Physics - Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: It has been recently shown that, in the first order (Palatini) formalism, there is universality of Einstein equations and Komar energy-momentum complex, in the sense that for a generic nonlinear Lagrangian depending only on the scalar curvature of a metric and a torsionless connection one always gets Einstein equations and Komar's expression for the energy-momentum complex. In this paper a similar analysis (also in the framework of the first order formalism) is performed for all nonlinear Lagrangians depending on the (symmetrized) Ricci square invariant. The main result is that the universality of Einstein equations and Komar energy-momentum complex also extends to this case (modulo a conformal transformation of the metric). | |
| CONCEPTS: (Scalar_curvature, 1.00, 1), (Quantum_cosmology, 1.00, 1), (General_relativity, 1.00, 1), (Einstein_field_equations, 0.99, 2), (Lagrangian, 0.99, 1), (Torsion_tensor, 0.99, 1), (Nonlinear_system, 0.95, 1), (Physics, 0.81, 1), (Ricci, 0.66, 2), (Conformal_map, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 30 === ArticleID: XA94PK08O9OSJJLD SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Presentation of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to a novel MUNC 13–4 mutation masked by partial therapeutic immunosuppression | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3503647/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis', u'MUNC 13\u20134', u'Macrophage activation syndrome'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a potentially fatal disease characterized by excessive macrophage and lymphocyte activity. Patients can be affected following immune activation after an oncologic, autoimmune or infectious trigger. An associated gene mutation may be found which impairs cytolytic lymphocyte function. We describe a pediatric case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with a novel mutation of MUNC 13–4 whose diagnosis was confounded by concurrent immunosuppression. Clinical reassessment for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is necessary in persistently febrile patients with laboratory derangements in the setting of immunosuppressive agent exposure.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Immunosuppressive_drug, 1.00, 1), (Lymphocyte, 1.00, 1), (Derangement, 1.00, 1), (Hemophagocytic_lymphohistiocytosis, 1.00, 2), (Gene, 1.00, 1), (Macrophage, 1.00, 1), (Mutation, 1.00, 1), (Immune_system, 0.97, 1), (Cytolysis, 0.93, 1), (Autoimmunity, 0.90, 1), (Macrophage_activation_syndrome, 0.81, 1), (Immunosuppression, 0.80, 2) | |
| === 31 === ArticleID: 8JA2VRDIKQHKN3G7 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Charged Higgs production with a top quark at the LHC | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0406179 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Phenomenology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: I discuss charged Higgs production via the process bg -> t H- at the LHC. I show that the cross section is dominated by soft-gluon corrections and I provide results for its dependence on the charged Higgs mass and on the scale, including higher-order effects. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Top_quark, 1.00, 2), (LHC, 1.00, 2), (Particle_physics, 0.97, 1), (Higgs, 0.96, 2), (Standard_Model, 0.84, 1), (Matter, 0.74, 1), (Quark, 0.73, 1), (Physics, 0.73, 1), (Mass, 0.67, 1), (Elementary_particle, 0.62, 1) | |
| === 32 === ArticleID: 4702GIXBOOSXZ15R SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: Health related quality of life outcomes for unresectable stage III or IV melanoma patients receiving ipilimumab treatment | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3426458/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Advanced melanoma', u'EORTC QLQ-C30', u'Health-related quality of life', u'Ipilimumab', u'Randomized clinical trial'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p>In an international, randomized Phase III trial ipilimumab demonstrated a significant overall survival benefit in previously treated advanced melanoma patients. This report summarizes health-related quality of life (HRQL) outcomes for ipilimumab with/without gp100 vaccine compared to gp100 alone during the clinical trial’s 12 week treatment induction period.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The Phase III clinical trial (MDX 010-20) was a double-blind, fixed dose study in 676 previously treated advanced unresectable stage III or IV melanoma patients. Patients were randomized 3:1:1 to receive either ipilimumab (3 mg/kg q3w x 4 doses) + gp100 (peptide vaccine; 1 mg q3w x 4 doses; ipilimumab plus gp100, n = 403); gp100 vaccine + placebo (gp100 alone, n = 136); or ipilimumab + placebo (ipilimumab alone, n = 137). The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C 30) assessed HRQL. Baseline to Week 12 changes in EORTC QLQ-C 30 function, global health status, and symptom scores were analyzed for ipilimumab with/without gp100 vaccine compared to gp100 alone. Mean change in scores were categorized “no change” (0–5), “a little” (5–10 points), “moderate” (10–20 points), and “very much” (>20).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>In the ipilimumab plus gp100 and ipilimumab alone groups, mean changes from baseline to Week 12 generally indicated “no change” or “a little” impairment across EORTC QLQ-C 30 global health status, function, and symptom subscales. Significant differences in constipation, favoring ipilimumab, were observed (p < 0.05). For ipilimumab alone arm, subscales with no or a little impairment were physical, emotional, cognitive, social function, global health, nausea, pain, dyspnea, constipation, and diarrhea subscales. For the gp100 alone group, the observed changes were moderate to large for global health, role function, fatigue, and for pain.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Ipilimumab with/without gp100 vaccine does not have a significant negative HRQL impact during the treatment induction phase relative to gp100 alone in stage III or IV melanoma patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Trial registration</title><p>Clinicaltrials. gov identification number NCT 00094653</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (EORTC, 1.00, 1), (Randomized_controlled_trial, 1.00, 1), (Constipation, 1.00, 1), (Ipilimumab, 1.00, 2), (Global_health, 1.00, 1), (Diarrhea, 1.00, 1), (Placebo, 1.00, 1), (Clinical_trial, 0.98, 1), (Induction_period, 0.85, 1), (Fatigue_(medical), 0.75, 1), (Phases_of_clinical_research, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 33 === ArticleID: XTLY5S2ZWINBSAFT SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: No Go Theorem for Self Tuning Solutions With Gauss-Bonnet Terms | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0204136 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We consider self tuning solutions for a brane embedded in an anti de Sitter spacetime. We include the higher derivative Gauss-Bonnet terms in the action and study singularity free solutions with finite effective Newton's constant. Using the methods of Csaki et al, we prove that such solutions, when exist, always require a fine tuning among the brane parameters. We then present a new method of analysis in which the qualitative features of the solutions can be seen easily without obtaining the solutions explicitly. Also, the origin of the fine tuning is transparent in this method. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Spacetime, 1.00, 1), (String_theory, 0.98, 1), (Physics, 0.97, 1), (Newton, 0.95, 1), (Willem_de_Sitter, 0.93, 1), (De_Sitter_space, 0.83, 2), (Csaki, 0.82, 1), (Gravitational_constant, 0.78, 1), (Tuning, 0.78, 1), (Photon, 0.69, 1), (Mass, 0.69, 1), (Calculus, 0.64, 1), (Time, 0.61, 1), (General_relativity, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 34 === ArticleID: WNFTPCLN5CH0Z3YF SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Element stratification in main sequence stars and its effect on stellar oscillations | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0309815 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The element settling due to the combined effects of gravity, thermal gradient, radiative acceleration and concentration gradient may lead to important abundance variations inside the stars, which cannot be neglected in the computations of stellar structure. These processes where first introduced to account for abundance anomalies in "peculiar stars", but their importance in the so-called "normal" stars is now fully acknowledged, specially after the evidence of helium settling in the Sun from helioseismology. These microscopic processes work in competition with macroscopic motions, like rotation-induced mixing or mass loss, which increase the settling time scales. We have recently obtained clear evidences that asteroseismology of main sequence solar type stars can give signatures of the chemical variations inside the stars and help for a better understanding of these processes. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Helioseismology, 1.00, 1), (Peculiar_star, 1.00, 1), (Settling_time, 1.00, 1), (Asteroseismology, 1.00, 1), (Main_sequence, 1.00, 1), (Helium, 1.00, 1), (Sun, 0.99, 1), (Star, 0.99, 1), (Molecular_diffusion, 0.90, 1), (Stellar_evolution, 0.62, 1), (Hydrogen, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 35 === ArticleID: QRZW9OM2HYO2WXL2 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Immunotherapy using slow-cycling tumor cells prolonged overall survival of tumor-bearing mice | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3568736/ | |
| TAGS: [u'cancer relapse', u'drug resistance', u'slow-cycling tumor cells', u'tumor vaccine'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p>Despite considerable progress in the development of anticancer therapies, there is still a high mortality rate caused by cancer relapse and metastasis. Dormant or slow-cycling residual tumor cells are thought to be a source of tumor relapse and metastasis, and are therefore an obstacle to therapy. In this study, we assessed the drug resistance of tumor cells in mice, and investigated whether vaccination could promote survival.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The mouse colon carcinoma cell line CT-26 was treated with 5-fluorouracil to assess its sensitivity to drug treatment. Mice with colon tumors were immunized with inactivated slow-cycling CT-26 cells to estimate the efficacy of this vaccine.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>We identified a small population of slow-cycling tumor cells in the mouse colon carcinoma CT-26 cell line, which was resistant to conventional chemotherapy. To inhibit tumor recurrence and metastasis more effectively, treatments that selectively target the slow-cycling tumor cells should be developed to complement conventional therapies. We found that drug-treated, slow-cycling tumor cells induced a more intense immune response <italic>in vitro</italic>. Moreover, vaccination with inactivated slow-cycling tumor cells caused a reduction in tumor volume and prolonged the overall survival of tumor-bearing mice.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>These findings suggest that targeting of slow-cycling tumor cells application using immunotherapy is a possible treatment to complement traditional antitumor therapy.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Colon_carcinoma, 1.00, 2), (Chemotherapy, 1.00, 1), (Cancer, 1.00, 2), (Metastasis, 1.00, 1), (Immunotherapy, 0.99, 2), (Tumor, 0.99, 1), (Colon_(anatomy), 0.96, 1), (Colorectal_cancer, 0.82, 1), (Immune_system, 0.76, 1), (Oncology, 0.75, 1) | |
| === 36 === ArticleID: YMD4ZIRPSRQBVJG1 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Size of the group IVA iron meteorite core: Constraints from the age and composition of Muonionalusta | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1106.2479 | |
| TAGS: [u'Earth and Planetary Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The group IVA fractionally crystallized iron meteorites display a diverse range of metallographic cooling rates. These have been attributed to their formation in a metallic core, approximately 150 km in radius, that cooled to crystallization in the absence of any appreciable insulating mantle. Here we build upon this formation model by incorporating several new constraints. These include (i) a recent U-Pb radiometric closure age of <2.5 Myr after solar system formation for the group IVA iron Muonionalusta, (ii) new measurements and modeling of highly siderophile element compositions for a suite of IVAs, and (iii) consideration of the thermal effects of heating by the decay of the short-lived radionuclide 60 Fe. Our model for the thermal evolution of the IVA core suggests that it was approximately 50 - 110 km in radius after being collisionally exposed. This range is due to uncertainties in the initial abundance of live 60 Fe incorporated into the IVA core. Our models define a relationship between cooling rate and closure age, which is used to make several predictions that can be tested with future measurements. In general, our results show that diverse cooling rates and early U-Pb closure ages can only coexist on mantle-free bodies and that energy released by the decay of 60 Fe reduces the core size necessary to produce diverse metallographic cooling rates. The influence of 60 Fe on cooling rates has largely been neglected in previous core formation models; accounting for this heat source can affect size estimates for other iron meteorite cores that cooled to crystallization in the presence of live 60 Fe. Candidates for such a scenario of early, mantle-free formation include the iron IIAB, IIIAB and IVB groups. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Radionuclide, 1.00, 1), (Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System, 1.00, 1), (Iron_meteorite, 1.00, 1), (Nebular_hypothesis, 1.00, 1), (Earth, 1.00, 1), (Evolution, 1.00, 1), (Iron, 0.99, 1), (Earth_and_Planetary_Astrophysics, 0.95, 1), (Planet, 0.92, 1), (Meteorite, 0.87, 1), (Nickel, 0.79, 1), (Mars, 0.64, 1), (Taenite, 0.59, 1), (Kamacite, 0.57, 1), (Uranium, 0.57, 1), (Muonionalusta, 0.50, 2) | |
| === 37 === ArticleID: O3KVDRKYEZKM2RHF SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Evaluation of pharmacological activities, cytotoxicity and phenolic composition of four Maytenus species used in southern African traditional medicine to treat intestinal infections and diarrhoeal diseases | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3726504/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Cytotoxicity', u'Diarrhoea', u'Gastrointestinal tract', u'Infections', u'Maytenus'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p>Microbial infections and resulting inflammation and oxidative stress are common pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders. In South Africa, several species of the genus <italic>Maytenus</italic> are used in traditional medicine to treat various infectious diseases. Most of the previous work on this genus was focused on nonpolar extracts from the root and bark. In this study, leaf extracts of polar extracts of <italic>Maytenus peduncularis</italic>, <italic>Maytenus procumbens</italic>, <italic>Maytenus senegalensis</italic> and <italic>Maytenus undata</italic> were evaluated for antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities to determine their efficacy as therapeutic agents in GIT disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Phenolic-enriched leaf extracts and fractions were prepared by extracting with acidified 70% methanol and solvent-solvent fractionation. The activities of the fractions against <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>, <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic>, <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> and <italic>Enterococcus faecalis</italic> as well as clinical isolates of <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus</italic>, <italic>Candida albicans</italic> and <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans</italic> were determined using a serial microplate dilution method. Antioxidant activities were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging and linoleic acid peroxidation inhibitory assays. The phenolic composition as well as the cytotoxicity against Vero cell lines of the crude extracts was evaluated using various standard protocols.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The antimicrobial activities were concentrated in the non-polar fractions of hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate (MICs 19–312 μg/ml). The crude extracts and polar fractions (butanol and water) had moderate to poor antimicrobial activity (MICs 312 to above 2500 μg/ml). The crude extracts and polar fractions had good antioxidant activity (EC<sub>50</sub> values varied from 1.22 to 607 μg/ml, 1.71 to 312 μg/ml and 23 to 284 μg/ml for DPPH, ABTS and OH respectively. Linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition EC<sub>50</sub> values of the crude extracts ranged between 27 and 39 μg/ml with relatively low toxicity against Vero cell lines (IC<sub>50</sub> values 87 to 187 μg/ml). Fractionation of a crude extract with low activity could lead to fractions with more potent activity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>This study justifies the traditional use of leaf crude extracts and fractions from these four plants to remedy gastrointestinal disorders resulting from infection, inflammation and oxidative stress complications. The study also provides rationale for the use of leaf extracts with same beneficial effects in place of unsustainable root and bark harvest.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Aspergillus_fumigatus, 1.00, 1), (Cryptococcus_neoformans, 1.00, 1), (Staphylococcus_aureus, 1.00, 1), (Vero_cell, 1.00, 1), (Diarrhea, 1.00, 2), (ABTS, 1.00, 1), (Human_gastrointestinal_tract, 1.00, 2), (Dichloromethane, 1.00, 1), (Linoleic_acid, 1.00, 1), (Enterococcus_faecalis, 1.00, 1), (Ethyl_acetate, 1.00, 1), (Traditional_African_medicine, 1.00, 2), (Infection, 1.00, 1), (Genus, 1.00, 1), (Candida_albicans, 1.00, 1), (Inflammation, 1.00, 1), (Species, 1.00, 1), (Oxidative_stress, 1.00, 1), (Pseudomonas_aeruginosa, 1.00, 1), (Maytenus, 1.00, 1), (Antioxidant, 1.00, 1), (Bacteria, 0.97, 1), (Traditional_medicine, 0.94, 1), (Hydroxyl, 0.93, 1), (Pathogenesis, 0.91, 1), (Gastrointestinal_tract, 0.90, 1), (Plate_tectonics, 0.87, -2), (Anti-inflammatory, 0.85, 1), (Phenol, 0.82, 1), (Maytenus_peduncularis, 0.76, 1), (Maytenus_undata, 0.70, 1), (Maytenus_senegalensis, 0.69, 1), (Maytenus_procumbens, 0.69, 1), (Infectious_disease, 0.63, 1), (Immune_system, 0.61, 1), (Escherichia_coli, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 38 === ArticleID: 7HEVR0MRO85UYD6P SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Influence of prehospital volume replacement on outcome in polytraumatized children | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3682303/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Severe bleeding after trauma frequently results in poor outcomes in children. Prehospital fluid replacement therapy is regarded as an important primary treatment option. Our study aimed, through a retrospective analysis of matched pairs, to assess the influence of prehospital fluid replacement therapy on the post-traumatic course of severely injured children.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The data for 67,782 patients from the TraumaRegister DGU<sup>® </sup>of the German Trauma Society were analyzed. The following inclusion criteria were applied: injury severity score ≥16 points, primary admission, age 1 to 15 years old, systolic blood pressure ≥20 mmHg at the accident site and transfusion of at least one unit of packed red blood cells (pRBC) in the emergency trauma room prior to intensive care admission. As volume replacement therapy depends on age and body weight, especially in children, three subgroups were formed according to the mean value of the administered prehospital volume. The children were matched and enrolled into two groups according to the following criteria: intubation at the accident site (yes/no), Abbreviated Injury Scale (four body regions), accident year, systolic blood pressure and age group.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 31 patients in each group met the inclusion criteria. An increase in volume replacement was associated with an elevated need for a transfusion (≥10 pRBC: low volume, 9.7%; high volume, 25.8%; <italic>P </italic>= 0.18) and a reduction in the ability to coagulate (prothrombin time ratio: low volume, 58.7%; high volume, 55.6%; <italic>P </italic>= 0.23; prothrombin time: low volume, 42.2 seconds; high volume, 50.1 seconds; <italic>P </italic>= 0.38). With increasing volume, the mortality (low volume, 19.4%; high volume, 25.8%; <italic>P </italic>= 0.75) and multiple organ failure rates (group 1, 36.7%; group 2, 41.4%; <italic>P </italic>= 0.79) increased. With increased volume, the rescue time also increased (low volume, 62 minutes; high volume, 71.5 minutes; <italic>P </italic>= 0.21).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>For the first time, a tendency was shown that excessive prehospital fluid replacement in children leads to a worse clinical course with higher mortality and that excessive fluid replacement has a negative influence on the ability to coagulate.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Prothrombin_time, 1.00, 1), (Multiple_organ_dysfunction_syndrome, 1.00, 1), (Abbreviated_Injury_Scale, 1.00, 1), (Injury_Severity_Score, 1.00, 1), (Packed_red_blood_cells, 1.00, 1), (Blood, 0.98, 2), (Intubation, 0.98, 1), (Fluid_replacement, 0.93, 2), (PRBC, 0.92, 1), (Blood_pressure, 0.91, 1), (Red_blood_cell, 0.70, 1), (Polytraumatized, 0.53, 1) | |
| === 39 === ArticleID: BDGRAFNC11RKTFX0 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: The Temporal Evolution of Coronal Loops Observed by GOES SXI | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0611338 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We study the temporal evolution of coronal loops using data from the Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) on board of GOES-12. This instrument allows us to follow in detail the full lifetime of coronal loops. The observed light curves suggest three somewhat distinct evolutionary phases: rise, main, and decay. The durations and characteristic timescales of these phases are much longer than a cooling time and indicate that the loop-averaged heating rate increases slowly, reaches a maintenance level, and then decreases slowly. This suggests that a single heating mechanism operates for the entire lifetime of the loop. For monolithic loops, the loop-averaged heating rate is the intrinsic energy release rate of the heating mechanism. For loops that are bundles of impulsively heated strands, it is an indication of the frequency of occurrence of individual heating events, or nanoflares. We show that the timescale of the loop-averaged heating rate is proportional to the timescale of the observed intensity variation. The ratios of the radiative to conductive cooling times in the loops are somewhat less than 1, putting them intermediate between the values measured previously for hotter and cooler loops. Our results provide further support for the existence of a trend suggesting that all loops are heated by the same mechanism, or that different mechanisms have fundamental similarities (e. g., are all impulsive or are all steady with similar rates of heating). | |
| CONCEPTS: (Coronal_loop, 1.00, 2), (GOES, 1.00, 1), (Nanoflares, 1.00, 1), (Evolution, 1.00, 1), (Light_curve, 0.99, 1), (Solar_X-ray_Imager, 0.99, 1), (Astrophysics, 0.94, 1), (Sun, 0.93, 2), (Corona, 0.89, 1), (GOES_12, 0.82, 1), (Light, 0.81, 1), (Heat, 0.78, 1), (Frequency, 0.76, 1) | |
| === 40 === ArticleID: PLROAZOWRPV5IXCA SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Amino acid changes within the Bunyamwera virus nucleocapsid protein differentially affect the mRNA transcription and RNA replication activities of assembled ribonucleoprotein templates | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3052533/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>The genome of Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) comprises three RNA segments that are encapsidated by the virus-encoded nucleocapsid (N) protein to form ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. These RNPs are the functional templates for RNA synthesis by the virus-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). We investigated the roles of conserved positively charged N-protein amino acids in RNA binding, in oligomerization to form model RNPs and in generating RNP templates active for both RNA replication and mRNA transcription. We identified several residues that performed important roles in RNA binding, and furthermore showed that a single amino acid change can differentially affect the ability of the resulting RNP templates to regulate the transcription and replication activities of the RdRp. These results indicate that the BUNV N protein possesses functions outside of its primary role of RNA encapsidation.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (RNA-dependent_RNA_polymerase, 1.00, 1), (Capsid, 1.00, 1), (Ribonucleoprotein, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (Virus, 1.00, 2), (RNA, 1.00, 1), (MRNA, 0.99, 1), (Amino_acid, 0.97, 1), (Transcription_(genetics), 0.82, 2), (Gene, 0.80, 1), (DNA, 0.76, 1), (RNA_polymerase, 0.75, 2), (Oligomer, 0.66, 1) | |
| === 41 === ArticleID: 26JPNLCXZSYRYIEH SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Induction of Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (MAIDS) in Allophenic Mice Generated from Strains Susceptible and Resistant to Disease | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2196381/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>To examine whether a retroviral disease can be controlled in animals in which cells from a resistant strain coexist in a state of immunological tolerance with cells from a susceptible strain, allophenic mice were constructed and infected with LP-BM 5 murine leukemia viruses which induce a fatal disorder, termed murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS), characterized by lymphoproliferation and immunodeficiency in susceptible inbred strains of mice. We found that in two different strain combinations, resistance to MAIDS was contingent on the presence in individual animals of >50% of lymphocytes of resistant strain origin and correlated with reduction or elimination of retrovirus. In contrast, animals harboring substantial, but less than predominant, numbers of genetically resistant lymphocytes developed disease and died within the same time frame as susceptible control mice with uncontained proliferation of retrovirus.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Murine_leukemia_virus, 1.00, 2), (Retrovirus, 1.00, 1), (AIDS, 1.00, 1), (Inbred_strain, 0.99, 1), (Immune_system, 0.98, 1), (Immunodeficiency, 0.97, 1), (Immune_tolerance, 0.97, 1), (HIV, 0.83, 1), (MAIDS, 0.83, 2), (Mouse, 0.83, 1), (Virus, 0.69, 1), (Genetics, 0.67, 1), (DNA, 0.66, 1), (Cancer, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 42 === ArticleID: QZH5ZSPBXCU155RQ SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Price Competition Among Retailers Of Coca Cola Products In Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria | |
| URL: http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=journalofbasicandapplied&page=article&op=view&path%5b%5d=954&path%5b%5d=946 | |
| TAGS: [u'Coca-Cola retailers', u'competition', u'price variation'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The study was carried out on price competition among retail marketers of Coca-Cola products in Ibadan metropolis. A total of one hundred and ten retailers’ was randomly sampled from three Local Government Areas in Ibadan. Ordinary Least Square regression model was used for the analysis of the study. The findings of the study were that there were price variation in the Coca-Cola retail market that is monopolistically competitive in nature, and that these price variations were influenced by municipality characteristics, market conditions and store characteristics. It is therefore, recommended that more entries of retail marketers should be encouraged to reduce the monopolistic powers of the few retail marketers in the business. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Ibadan, 1.00, 2), (Nigeria, 1.00, 2), (Coca-Cola, 0.99, 2), (Product_(business), 0.95, 1), (Ibadan_Metropolis, 0.94, 1), (Cola, 0.92, 1), (Least_squares, 0.91, 1), (Metropolis, 0.89, 1), (Business, 0.87, 1), (Shopping_mall, 0.86, 1), (Marketing, 0.84, 2), (Caffeine, 0.83, 1), (Local_government_areas_of_Nigeria, 0.75, 1) | |
| === 43 === ArticleID: 74M7NQSHWJDR8K9Z SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: A New Analytical Method for Self-Force Regularization. I: -- Charged Scalar Particles in Schwarzschild Spacetime -- | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0308068 | |
| TAGS: [u'General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We formulate a new analytical method for regularizing the self-force acting on a particle of small mass µ orbiting a black hole of mass $M$, where $\mu\ll M$. At first order in µ, the geometry is perturbed and the motion of the particle is affected by its self-force. The self-force, however, diverges at the location of the particle, and hence should be regularized. It is known that the properly regularized self-force is given by the tail part (or the $R$-part) of the self-field, obtained by subtracting the direct part (or the $S$-part) from the full self-field. The most successful method of regularization proposed so far relies on the spherical harmonic decomposition of the self-force, the so-called mode-sum regularization or mode decomposition regularization. However, except for some special orbits, no systematic analytical method for computing the regularized self-force has been given. In this paper, utilizing a new decomposition of the retarded Green function in the frequency domain, we formulate a systematic method for the computation of the self-force. Our method relies on the post-Newtonian (PN) expansion but the order of the expansion can be arbitrarily high. To demonstrate the essence of our method, in this paper, we focus on a scalar charged particle on the Schwarzschild background. The generalization to the gravitational case is straightforward, except for some subtle issues related with the choice of gauge (which exists irrespective of regularization methods). | |
| CONCEPTS: (Quantum_cosmology, 1.00, 1), (Regularization_(mathematics), 1.00, 2), (Frequency_domain, 1.00, 1), (General_relativity, 1.00, 1), (Black_hole, 1.00, 2), (Schwarzschild_metric, 1.00, 1), (Scalar_(mathematics), 0.79, 1), (Green's_function, 0.71, 1) | |
| === 44 === ArticleID: XUP3DFHT40YA2AVG SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Global health experiences of U.S. Physicians: a mixed methods survey of clinician-researchers and health policy leaders | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3655883/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Career development', u'Global health', u'Health policy', u'International medicine'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p>Interest and participation in global health activities among U. S. medical trainees has increased sharply in recent decades, yet the global health activities of physicians who have completed residency training remain understudied. Our objectives were to assess associations between individual characteristics and patterns of post-residency global health activities across the domains of health policy, education, and research.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Cross-sectional, mixed methods national survey of 521 physicians with formal training in clinical and health services research and policy leadership. Main measures were post-residency global health activity and characteristics of this activity (location, funding, products, and perceived synergy with domestic activities).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Most respondents (73%) hold faculty appointments across 84 U. S. medical schools and a strong plurality (46%) are trained in internal medicine. Nearly half of all respondents (44%) reported some global health activity after residency; however, the majority of this group (73%) reported spending ≤10% of professional time on global health in the past year. Among those active in global health, the majority (78%) reported receiving some funding for their global health activities, and most (83%) reported at least one scholarly, educational, or other product resulting from this work. Many respondents perceived synergies between domestic and global health activities, with 85% agreeing with the statement that their global health activities had enhanced the quality of their domestic work and increased their level of involvement with vulnerable populations, health policy advocacy, or research on the social determinants of health. Despite these perceived synergies, qualitative data from in-depth interviews revealed personal and institutional barriers to sustained global health involvement, including work-family balance and a lack of specific avenues for career development in global health.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Post-residency global health activity is common in this diverse, multi-specialty group of physicians. Although those with global health experience describe synergies with their domestic work, the lack of established career development pathways may limit the benefits of this synergy for individuals and their institutions.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Global_health, 1.00, 2), (Internal_medicine, 1.00, 1), (Domestic_worker, 0.99, -1), (Medicine, 0.98, 1), (Health_services, 0.96, 1), (Residency_(medicine), 0.93, 1), (Physician, 0.89, 1), (Medical_school, 0.78, 1), (Health_economics, 0.61, 2) | |
| === 45 === ArticleID: V47YOIY84RP3E33K SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Fluorescence Changes in Nerve Induced by Stimulation | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2195269/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p> It was previously assumed, on the basis of changes in the ultraviolet absorption spectrum and of increase in ionizable sulfhydryl groups, that during excitation the proteins of excitable structures undergo some structural rearrangements, and these rearrangements may be similar to those designated by the term transconformation. In the present experiments, it was observed that electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves from rat, guinea pig, frog, and crab causes a decrease in their fluorescence. The peaks of the emission and activation spectra correspond to those attributed to proteins. Denaturing agents, such as urea, were also found to decrease the fluorescence of nerve extracts. It is, therefore, probable that the decrease in fluorescence, associated with the excited state, is due to a change in the configuration of the nerve proteins. The fluorescent method is applicable not only to tissue extracts but allows the observation of surviving nerve fibers before, during, and after stimulation. It showed that fluorescence of the fibers decreases invariably during stimulation and tends to return to the control level during restoration. The reduction in fluorescence is quantitatively related to the number of stimuli received by the nerve. </p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Urea, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (Frog, 1.00, 1), (Fluorescence, 1.00, 2), (Denaturation_(biochemistry), 0.99, 1), (Thiol, 0.98, 1), (Guinea_pig, 0.96, 1), (Action_potential, 0.95, 1), (Nerve, 0.93, 2), (Scientific_method, 0.92, 1), (Excited_state, 0.85, 2), (Axon, 0.81, 1), (Nervous_system, 0.80, 1), (Ultraviolet, 0.74, 1), (Peripheral_nervous_system, 0.73, 1) | |
| === 46 === ArticleID: C4L3D0J6ADRRG2AG SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Distribution of marine, benthic, shell bearing gastropods along the Norwegian coast | |
| URL: http://www.ntnu.no/ojs/index.php/fauna_norvegica/article/view/563 | |
| TAGS: [u'Gastropoda', u'Norwegian Sea', u'distribution'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Based on literature data and my extensive material from along the coast, the distribution of shell bearing marine, benthic gastropods known from Norwegian waters, is outlined. The geographic area covered goes down to c. 1200 m on the continental slope, and extends from the Swedish border in the south to the Russian border in the north-east. On the slope the distribution is restricted to an area east of 0°, and south of 72° N. Neither the North Sea nor the western ‘slope’ of the Norwegian Trench are included. Systematics and nomenclature follow Clemam (Check List of European Marine Mollusca) closely. The emphasis is on the distribution of each species within the designated area, but taxonomic and nomenclaturial problems are discussed wherever considered relevant. Altogether 365 species level taxa are included, of which 326 are considered as definitely belonging to the Norwegian fauna. The rest are recorded as doubtful, either because only empty shells have been found, or their confirmed distribution falls outside the limits here defined. Of the ‘species’ included, I consider at least 18 to be undescribed, while another 16 were described from Norwegian material after Høisæter (1986) was published. The northern distributional limit is extended for 47 species, while 11 species have received a new southern limit. Sixty six species have a generic name diferent from the one used in Høisæter (1986), while 35 species have another specific name. All changes are listed in the main part of the article, and references are given to the sources for the changes. Four faunal components are recognized: a slope component, species mainly found in negative temperatures on the continental slope, between 500 and 1200 m; an Arctic component, species in Norway almost exclusively found in East Finnmark; a group of species in Norway found only or mainly on the Skagerrak coast or in Oslofjorden; and finally the main group found along most of the coast. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Oslofjorden, 1.00, 1), (Mollusca, 1.00, 2), (Norwegian_Sea, 1.00, 2), (Norwegian_trench, 1.00, 1), (Finnmark, 1.00, 1), (Skagerrak, 1.00, 1), (North_Sea, 1.00, 1), (Norway, 1.00, 1), (Species, 1.00, 1), (Taxon, 1.00, 1), (Arctic, 0.98, 1), (Benthic_zone, 0.98, 1), (Taxonomy_(biology), 0.98, 1), (Continental_margin, 0.93, 1), (Gastropoda, 0.67, 1) | |
| === 47 === ArticleID: M3GJC62GZFWO2QJ5 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Free Energy of ABJM Theory | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1103.4656 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The free energy of ABJM theory has previously been computed in the strong and weak coupling limits. In this note, we report on results for the computation of the first non-vanishing quantum correction to the free energy, from the field theory side. The correction can be expressed in terms of a thermal mass for the scalar fields. This mass vanishes to 1-loop order, but there is a non-vanishing result to 2-loop order. Hence, the leading correction to the free energy is non-analytic in the 't Hooft coupling constant lambda. The reason is that the infrared divergences necessitate a resummation of ring diagrams and a related reorganization of perturbation theory, in which already the leading correction receives contributions from all orders in lambda. These results suggest that the free energy interpolates smoothly between weak and strong coupling. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Infrared_divergence, 1.00, 1), (Coupling_constant, 0.97, 1), (Quantum_field_theory, 0.96, 1), (ABJM_Theory, 0.91, 2), (Physics, 0.86, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.86, 1), (General_relativity, 0.67, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.65, 1), (Field_(physics), 0.64, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.62, 1), (Photon, 0.62, 1), (Scalar_(mathematics), 0.59, 1) | |
| === 48 === ArticleID: MEBDSHOUO3F8TPMX SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Ricci flow on quasiprojective manifolds | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0906.4496 | |
| TAGS: [u'Differential Geometry'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We consider the Kaehler-Ricci flow on complete finite-volume metrics that live on the complement of a divisor in a compact Kaehler manifold X. Assuming certain spatial asymptotics on the initial metric, we compute the singularity time in terms of cohomological data on X. We also give a sufficient condition for the singularity, if there is one, to be type-II. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Kähler_manifold, 1.00, 1), (Ricci_flow, 1.00, 2), (General_relativity, 0.96, 1), (Differential_geometry, 0.95, 1), (Manifold, 0.86, 2), (Topology, 0.82, 1), (Geometry, 0.81, 1), (Mathematics, 0.65, 1), (Algebraic_geometry, 0.64, 1), (Differential_form, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 49 === ArticleID: JVW2TCTHE6N3K520 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: The Equivalence Theorem in Effective Theories | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1104.5681 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The famous equivalence theorem is reexamined in order to make it applicable to the case of intrinsically quantum infinite-component effective theories. We slightly modify the formulation of this theorem and prove it basing on the notion of generating functional for Green functions. This allows one to trace (directly in terms of graphs) the mutual cancelation of different groups of contributions. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Effective_Theories, 0.98, 2), (Physics, 0.97, 1), (Green's_function, 0.81, 1), (Theory, 0.68, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.62, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.61, 1), (Partition_function_(quantum_field_theory), 0.60, 2), (Matter, 0.59, 1), (Reality, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 50 === ArticleID: DKEV5JNJEBZIZ6FC SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Invariants of broken discrete symmetries | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1403.7149 | |
| TAGS: [u'Optics', u'Quantum Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The parity and Bloch theorems are generalized to the case of broken global symmetry. Local inversion or translation symmetries are shown to yield invariant currents that characterize wave propagation. These currents map the wave function from an arbitrary spatial domain to any symmetry-related domain. Our approach addresses any combination of local symmetries, thus applying in particular to acoustic, optical and matter waves. Nonvanishing values of the invariant currents provide a systematic pathway to the breaking of discrete global symmetries. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Global_symmetry, 1.00, 2), (Matter_wave, 1.00, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.95, 1), (Physics, 0.95, 1), (Quantum_Physics, 0.90, 1), (Bloch, 0.83, 1), (Optics, 0.81, 1), (Wave, 0.64, 1), (Light, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 51 === ArticleID: MVV71E9J761RKUDG SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: A comparison of preprocessing methods for solar force-free magnetic field extrapolation | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1010.6015 | |
| TAGS: [u'Solar and Stellar Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Extrapolations of solar photospheric vector magnetograms into three-dimensional magnetic fields in the chromosphere and corona are usually done under the assumption that the fields are force-free. The field calculations can be improved by preprocessing the photospheric magnetograms. We compare two preprocessing methods presently in use, namely the methods of Wiegelmann et al. (2006) and Fuhrmann et al. (2007). The two preprocessing methods were applied to a recently observed vector magnetogram. We examine the changes in the magnetogram effected by the two preprocessing algorithms. Furthermore, the original magnetogram and the two preprocessed magnetograms were each used as input data for nonlinear force-free field extrapolations by means of two different methods, and we analyze the resulting fields. Both preprocessing methods managed to significantly decrease the magnetic forces and magnetic torques that act through the magnetogram area and that can cause incompatibilities with the assumption of force-freeness in the solution domain. Both methods also reduced the amount of small-scale irregularities in the observed photospheric field, which can sharply worsen the quality of the solutions. For the chosen parameter set, the Wiegelmann et al. method led to greater changes in strong-field areas, leaving weak-field areas mostly unchanged, and thus providing an approximation of the magnetic field vector in the chromosphere, while the Fuhrmann et al. method weakly changed the whole magnetogram, thereby better preserving patterns present in the original magnetogram. Both preprocessing methods raised the magnetic energy content of the extrapolated fields to values above the minimum energy, corresponding to the potential field. Also, the fields calculated from the preprocessed magnetograms fulfill the solenoidal condition better than those calculated without preprocessing. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Magnetogram, 1.00, 2), (Chromosphere, 1.00, 1), (Magnetic_field, 1.00, 1), (Nonlinear_system, 0.95, 1), (Corona, 0.90, 2), (Field, 0.84, 1), (Force, 0.82, 1), (Solar_and_Stellar_Astrophysics, 0.79, 1), (Fuhrmann, 0.74, 1) | |
| === 52 === ArticleID: OI386O4RVG4X3FM8 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Two-photon interference of the emission from electrically tunable remote quantum dots | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0911.3997 | |
| TAGS: [u'Other Condensed Matter', u'Quantum Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Single semiconductor quantum dots have been widely studied within devices that can apply an electric field. In the most common system, the low energy offset between the InGaAs quantum dot and the surrounding GaAs material limits the magnitude of field that can be applied to tens of kVcm^-1, before carriers tunnel out of the dot. The Stark shift experienced by the emission line is typically 1 meV. We report that by embedding the quantum dots in a quantum well heterostructure the vertical field that can be applied is increased by over an order of magnitude whilst preserving the narrow linewidths, high internal quantum efficiencies and familiar emission spectra. Individual dots can then be continuously tuned to the same energy allowing for two-photon interference between remote, independent, quantum dots. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Stark_effect, 1.00, 1), (Photon, 0.98, 1), (Quantum_dot, 0.96, 2), (Physics, 0.93, 1), (Quantum_Physics, 0.89, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.89, 1), (Matter, 0.78, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.68, 1), (Condensed_matter_physics, 0.62, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 53 === ArticleID: QGNGYE7OJMV9WNSF SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Goal-Side Selection in Soccer Penalty Kicking When Viewing Natural Scenes | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3434713/ | |
| TAGS: [u'action selection', u'anticipation', u'implicit action priming', u'soccer penalty', u'sport performance'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>The present study investigates the influence of goalkeeper displacement on goal-side selection in soccer penalty kicking. Facing a penalty situation, participants viewed photo-realistic images of a goalkeeper and a soccer goal. In the action selection task, they were asked to kick to the greater goal-side, and in the perception task, they indicated the position of the goalkeeper on the goal line. To this end, the goalkeeper was depicted in a regular goalkeeping posture, standing either in the exact middle of the goal or being displaced at different distances to the left or right of the goal’s center. Results showed that the goalkeeper’s position on the goal line systematically affected goal-side selection, even when participants were not aware of the displacement. These findings provide further support for the notion that the implicit processing of the stimulus layout in natural scenes can effect action selection in complex environments, such in soccer penalty shooting.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Wason_selection_task, 1.00, -1), (Soccer, 1.00, 2), (Priming_(psychology), 0.98, 2), (Association_football, 0.96, 2), (Field_hockey, 0.66, -2), (Goalkeeper, 0.61, 2) | |
| === 54 === ArticleID: FSRG3MS09N565UY9 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Tidally-induced thermonuclear Supernovae | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.2129 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We discuss the results of 3 D simulations of tidal disruptions of white dwarfs by moderate-mass black holes as they may exist in the cores of globular clusters or dwarf galaxies. Our simulations follow self-consistently the hydrodynamic and nuclear evolution from the initial parabolic orbit over the disruption to the build-up of an accretion disk around the black hole. For strong enough encounters (pericentre distances smaller than about 1/3 of the tidal radius) the tidal compression is reversed by a shock and finally results in a thermonuclear explosion. These explosions are not restricted to progenitor masses close to the Chandrasekhar limit, we find exploding examples throughout the whole white dwarf mass range. There is, however, a restriction on the masses of the involved black holes: black holes more massive than $2\times10^5$ M$_\odot$ swallow a typical 0.6 M$_\odot$ dwarf before their tidal forces can overwhelm the star's self-gravity. Therefore, this mechanism is characteristic for black holes of moderate masses. The material that remains bound to the black hole settles into an accretion disk and produces an X-ray flare close to the Eddington limit of $L_{\rm Edd} \simeq10^{41} {\rm erg/s} M_{\rm bh}/1000 M$_\odot$), typically lasting for a few months. The combination of a peculiar thermonuclear supernova together with an X-ray flare thus whistle-blows the existence of such moderate-mass black holes. The next generation of wide field space-based instruments should be able to detect such events. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Eddington_luminosity, 1.00, 1), (Black_hole, 1.00, 1), (Supernova, 1.00, 2), (Evolution, 1.00, 1), (Swallow, 0.99, 0), (X-ray, 0.99, 1), (Accretion_disc, 0.98, 1), (Roche_limit, 0.92, 2), (White_dwarf, 0.83, 1), (Parabolic_orbit, 0.69, 1), (Erg_(landform), 0.61, -2), (Galaxy, 0.57, 1), (Neutron_star, 0.57, 1) | |
| === 55 === ArticleID: YW7HU65RRJZ6DPPY SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: THE d = 6, (2, 0)-TENSOR MULTIPLET COUPLED TO SELF-DUAL STRINGS | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0110248 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We show that the central charges that group theory allows in the (2,0) supersymmetry translations algebra arise from a string and a 3-brane by commuting two supercharges. We show that the net force between two such parallel strings vanishes. We show that all the coupling constants are fixed numbers, due to supersymmetry, and self-duality of the three-form field strength. We obtain a charge quantization for the self-dual field strength, and show that when compactifying on a two-torus, it reduces to the usual quantization condition of N=4 SYM with gauge group SU(2), and with coupling constant and theta angle given by the tau-parameter of the two-torus, provided that we pick that chiral theory which corresponds to a theta function with zero characteristics, as expected on manifolds of this form. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Elementary_charge, 1.00, 1), (Vacuum_angle, 1.00, 1), (Torus, 1.00, 1), (Central_charge, 1.00, 1), (Net_force, 1.00, 1), (Supersymmetry, 1.00, 1), (Gauge_theory, 0.97, 1), (Coupling_constant, 0.97, 1), (Quantum_field_theory, 0.96, 1), (Group_theory, 0.86, 1), (Algebra, 0.83, 1), (Physics, 0.80, 1), (String_(music), 0.71, -1), (String_theory, 0.70, 1), (Quantization_(signal_processing), 0.68, -1), (Group_(mathematics), 0.65, 1), (Quantum_chromodynamics, 0.61, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 56 === ArticleID: AF2KDYFNG7QLCJ1Q SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Neutrinos in the simplest little Higgs scenario and TeV leptogenesis | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0511275 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Phenomenology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The little Higgs scenario may provide an interesting framework to accommodate TeV scale leptogenesis because a TeV Majorana mass of the right-handed neutrino that we employ for the latter may find a natural place near the ultraviolet cutoff of the former. In this work we study how a light neutrino spectrum, generated radiatively, and TeV scale leptogenesis can be embedded in the simplest little Higgs framework. Alternatively, we highlight how the neutrino Yukawa textures of the latter are constrained. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Leptogenesis_(physics), 1.00, 2), (Neutrino, 1.00, 2), (TeV, 1.00, 2), (Particle_physics, 0.95, 1), (Higgs, 0.92, 2) | |
| === 57 === ArticleID: V65L1FH7FC2Y1TZW SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Building a model for scoring 20 or more runs in a baseball game | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1011.1996 | |
| TAGS: [u'Applications'] | |
| ABSTRACT: How often can we expect a Major League Baseball team to score at least 20 runs in a single game? Considered a rare event in baseball, the outcome of scoring at least 20 runs in a game has occurred 224 times during regular season games since 1901 in the American and National Leagues. Each outcome is modeled as a Poisson process; the time of occurrence of one of these events does not affect the next future occurrence. Using various distributions, probabilities of events are generated, goodness-of-fit tests are conducted, and predictions of future events are offered. The statistical package R is employed for analysis. | |
| CONCEPTS: (List_of_statistical_packages, 1.00, 0), (Poisson_process, 1.00, 1), (Baseball, 1.00, 2), (Major_League_Baseball, 0.97, 1), (National_League, 0.63, 1), (American_League, 0.61, 1), (St._Louis_Cardinals, 0.59, 0), (Chicago_Cubs, 0.59, 0), (San_Francisco_Giants, 0.57, 0), (Goodness-of-fit, 0.56, 1) | |
| === 58 === ArticleID: RPGUW0HRXRE4PJ40 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Current and noise in a model of an AC-STM molecule-metal junction | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0404571 | |
| TAGS: [u'Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The transport properties of a simple model for a finite level structure (a molecule or a dot) connected to metal electrodes in an alternating current scanning tunneling microscope (AC-STM) configuration is studied. The finite level structure is assumed to have strong binding properties with the metallic substrate, and the bias between the STM tip and the hybrid metal-molecule interface has both an AC and a DC component. The finite frequency current response and the zero frequency photo-assisted shot noise are computed using the Keldysh technique, and examples for a single site molecule (a quantum dot) and for a two-site molecule are examined. The model may be useful for the interpretation of recent experiments using an AC-STM for the study of both conducting and insulating surfaces, where the third harmonic component of the current is measured. The zero frequency photo-assisted shot noise serves as a useful diagnosis for analyzing the energy level structure of the molecule. The present work motivates the need for further analysis of current fluctuations in electronic molecular transport. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Scanning_tunneling_microscope, 1.00, 2), (DC_bias, 1.00, 1), (Electrode, 1.00, 1), (Shot_noise, 1.00, 1), (Alternating_current, 1.00, 2), (Electron, 0.98, 1), (Enzyme_substrate_(biology), 0.89, -2), (Nanoscale_Physics, 0.85, 1), (Quantum_dot, 0.80, 1), (Electricity, 0.62, 1), (Atom, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 59 === ArticleID: 38ACWCING3OUZ2UP SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Assessment of He`s Homotopy Perturbation Method in Burgers and Coupled Burgers` Equations | |
| URL: http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/ansinet/jas/2008/322-327.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'ADM', u'HPM', u'Korteweg-de Vries-Burgeres (KdVB) equation', u'coupled Burgers` equations'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Various methods for finding explicit solution to nonlinear evolution equations have been proposed in this letter Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) is employed for solving Korteweg-de Vries-Burgeres (KdVB) equation and coupled Burgers` equations which both of them are very applicable in mathematics, physics and engineering. The final results obtained by means of HPM are compared with those results obtained from the exact solution and the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM). The comparison shows a precise agreement between the results and introduces this new method as an applicable one which it needs less computations and is much easier and more convenient than others, so it can be widely used in engineering too. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Adomian_decomposition_method, 1.00, 1), (Physics, 1.00, 1), (Evolution, 1.00, 1), (Engineering, 0.99, 1), (Nonlinear_system, 0.95, 1), (Coupled_cluster, 0.95, 1), (Mathematical_physics, 0.93, 1), (ADM, 0.91, 1), (Mathematics, 0.86, 1), (Inequation, 0.85, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.84, 1), (Differential_equation, 0.82, 1), (Polynomial, 0.81, 1) | |
| === 60 === ArticleID: FYERR611TGWPERDU SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Emergency Contraception: Exploring the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Engineering College Girls in Nagpur District of Central India | |
| URL: http://njcmindia.org/uploads/3-1_14-19.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'Emergency contraception (EC)', u'Emergency contraceptive pills (ECP)', u'Female students'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Background: The major factor limiting the use of EC may be inadequate information about their effectiveness and availability or unfavourable opinions about their safety due to misinformation. So the study was carried to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of EC among engineering college girls. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in an engineering college. All girls from a field were included in the study. Data was collected by a predesigned, pre-tested, self-administered multiple response questionnaires. Results: A total of 8(5.7%) reported that they had previously used ECPs. An association was found between users and their level of knowledge. Users had Average/Good knowledge as compared to non–users (OR-12.51). A strong association was found between source of information and level of knowledge. In other words, respondent receiving information from the Health Personnel (OR 21.49) and Audio-Visual Media (OR 10.2) were more likely to have good or average knowledge as compared to family and friends (OR 6). Conclusion: Knowledge of emergency contraception by students is low and the method is still underused. Strategies to promote use of emergency contraception should be focused on spreading accurate information through medical sources, which have been found to be reliable and associated with good knowledge on emergency contraception. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Emergency_contraception, 1.00, 2), (Nagpur_district, 1.00, 1), (Cross-sectional_study, 1.00, 1), (Emergency_contraceptive, 1.00, 1), (Engineering, 1.00, 0), (Central_India, 0.94, 2), (Birth_control, 0.93, 1), (Hormonal_contraception, 0.82, 1), (Combined_oral_contraceptive_pill, 0.65, 1) | |
| === 61 === ArticleID: RBBDBY369FSKLBJL SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: Relay in translation | |
| URL: http://bwpl.unibuc.ro/index.pl/relay_in_translation | |
| TAGS: [u'indirect translation', u'relay', u'relay in interpreting', u'relayed translation', u'retranslation'] | |
| ABSTRACT: This article focuses on the phenomenon of relay in translation. Relay is by nature difficult to discuss and therefore it is no surprise that even scholars who know of its existence usually do so only in passing. Scholars unaware of relay occasionally come across a relayed translation (namely a translation using a first translation from the language of the original as a relay). When they do so in comparative studies, they tend to consider the relayed rendition as either a poor or heavily manipulated translation. Historically, relay has been an important factor in translational activity. It is obscured by e. g. the delay in the spread of ‘international fame’ of prominent writers in the past as well as the fact that not all translators and publishers informed audiences that the translation they published was based on a translation from another language than that of the original text. The article attempts to differentiate ‘relayed translations’ from other types of non-direct translation. It discusses their occurrence in translation, interpreting, and subtitling, and ends with a few comments on how relay can(not) be tackled in practical translation work. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Translation, 0.98, 2) | |
| === 62 === ArticleID: 8QNMDNEPBQUN35J9 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Hydrostatic equilibrium and stellar structure in f(R)-gravity | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1101.0219 | |
| TAGS: [u'General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology', u'High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena', u'High Energy Physics - Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We investigate the hydrostatic equilibrium of stellar structure by taking into account the modi- fied Laé-Emden equation coming out from f(R)-gravity. Such an equation is obtained in metric approach by considering the Newtonian limit of f(R)-gravity, which gives rise to a modified Poisson equation, and then introducing a relation between pressure and density with polytropic index n. The modified equation results an integro-differential equation, which, in the limit f(R) \rightarrow R, becomes the standard Laé-Emden equation. We find the radial profiles of gravitational potential by solving for some values of n. The comparison of solutions with those coming from General Relativity shows that they are compatible and physically relevant. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Poisson's_equation, 1.00, 1), (Integro-differential_equation, 1.00, 1), (Polytropic, 1.00, 1), (Quantum_cosmology, 1.00, 1), (Hydrostatic_equilibrium, 1.00, 2), (General_relativity, 1.00, 1), (Star, 0.99, 2), (Physics, 0.94, 1), (Physical_cosmology, 0.81, 1), (Modi, 0.80, 0) | |
| === 63 === ArticleID: YUPRCEVFAYVWFEX3 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Mechanisms of palmitate-induced cell death in human osteoblasts | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3863423/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Apoptosis', u'Autophagy', u'Fatty acids', u'Osteoblasts', u'Osteoporosis'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <title>Summary</title><p>Lipotoxicity is an overload of lipids in non-adipose tissues that affects function and induces cell death. Lipotoxicity has been demonstrated in bone cells <italic>in vitro</italic> using osteoblasts and adipocytes in coculture. In this condition, lipotoxicity was induced by high levels of saturated fatty acids (mostly palmitate) secreted by cultured adipocytes acting in a paracrine manner. In the present study, we aimed to identify the underlying mechanisms of lipotoxicity in human osteoblasts. Palmitate induced autophagy in cultured osteoblasts, which was preceded by the activation of autophagosomes that surround palmitate droplets. Palmitate also induced apoptosis though the activation of the Fas/Jun kinase (JNK) apoptotic pathway. In addition, osteoblasts could be protected from lipotoxicity by inhibiting autophagy with the phosphoinositide kinase inhibitor 3-methyladenine or by inhibiting apoptosis with the JNK inhibitor SP 600125. In summary, we have identified two major molecular mechanisms of lipotoxicity in osteoblasts and in doing so we have identified a new potential therapeutic approach to prevent osteoblast dysfunction and death, which are common features of age-related bone loss and osteoporosis.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Osteoporosis, 1.00, 1), (Autophagy, 1.00, 1), (Osteoblast, 1.00, 2), (Apoptosis, 1.00, 1), (Lipid, 1.00, 1), (Fat, 0.98, 1), (Kinase, 0.98, 1), (Fatty_acid, 0.92, 1), (Bone, 0.91, 1), (Lipotoxicity, 0.89, 2), (Osteoclast, 0.82, 1), (Saturated_fat, 0.80, 2), (Programmed_cell_death, 0.78, 1), (Adipocyte, 0.77, 1) | |
| === 64 === ArticleID: C2WVGPZC8HOH41ZO SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: P- waves reflected from the "20" discontinuity" beneath the Mediterranean region | |
| URL: http://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/view/4892 | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: The observed travel-times of the P-waves for twenty shallow, intermediate, and deep earthquakes, with epicenters in the Mediterranean area, are used in order to analyze some characteristics of the upper mantle. A first- order discontinuity, identifiable as the "20° discontinuity", is found at a depth of 505 ± 16 km in the area underneath the Mediterranean basin. The velocity contrast is equal to 12% (above T'= 8.9 km/sec; below V= 9.97 km/sec). Assuming that this discontinuity gives rise to reflected P-waves (PdP), the travel times of these waves are calculated for various hypocentral depths. The observation of impulses identified as PdP on the seismograms of Messina supports this hypothesis. This result and its implications are discussed in the contest of the conclusions of various authors who locate a P-wave velocity-discontinuity at different depths between 400 and 580 km. Finally, particular emphasis is given to the regional character of the analyzed structures in question. | |
| CONCEPTS: (P-wave, 1.00, 2), (Mediterranean_Sea, 1.00, 2), (Hypocenter, 0.95, 2), (Mediterranean, 0.94, 1), (Mediterranean_Basin, 0.93, 1), (Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub, 0.85, -2), (Olive, 0.84, -2), (Domestication, 0.83, -2), (Mantle_(geology), 0.68, 2) | |
| === 65 === ArticleID: 1ROV5XEB1VNI5TNI SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Pharmacological Unmasking Microarray Approach-Based Discovery of Novel DNA Methylation Markers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3369444/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', u'CpG Islands', u'DNA Methylation', u'Microarray', u'Prognosis'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>DNA methylation is one of the main epigenetic mechanisms and hypermethylation of CpG islands at tumor suppressor genes switches off these genes. To find novel DNA methylation markers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we performed pharmacological unmasking (treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine or trichostatin A) followed by microarray analysis in HCC cell lines. Of the 239 promoter CpG island loci hypermethylated in HCC cell lines (as revealed by methylation-specific PCR), 221 loci were found to be hypermethylated in HCC or nonneoplastic liver tissues. Thirty-three loci showed a 20% higher methylation frequency in tumors than in adjacent nonneoplastic tissues. Correlation of individual cancer-related methylation markers with clinicopathological features of HCC patients (n = 95) revealed that the number of hypermethylated genes in HCC tumors was higher in older than in younger patients. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis revealed that the <italic>HIST 1 H 2 AE</italic> methylation status is closely correlated with the patient's overall survival (<italic>P</italic> = 0.022 and <italic>P</italic> = 0.010, respectively). In conclusion, we identified 221 novel DNA methylation markers for HCC. One promising prognostic marker, <italic>HIST 1 H 2 AE</italic>, should be further validated in the prognostication of HCC patients.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Tumor_suppressor_gene, 1.00, 1), (Survival_analysis, 1.00, 1), (CpG_island, 1.00, 1), (DNA_methylation, 1.00, 2), (Trichostatin_A, 1.00, 1), (Hepatocellular_carcinoma, 1.00, 2), (Epigenetics, 1.00, 1), (Methylation, 0.99, 1), (DNA, 0.98, 1), (Gene, 0.96, 1), (Microarray, 0.90, 1), (Cancer, 0.70, 1), (Cell_(biology), 0.69, 1) | |
| === 66 === ArticleID: YRLRL36BYXFYMGYD SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Third Interger Resonance Slow Extraction Using RFKO at High Space Charge | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1209.5967 | |
| TAGS: [u'Accelerator Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: A proposal to search for direct {\mu}–>e conversion at Fermilab requires slow, resonant extraction of an intense proton beam. Large space charge forces will present challenges, partly due to the substantial betatron tune spread. The main challenges will be maintaining a uniform spill profile and moderate losses at the septum. We propose to use "radio frequency knockout" (RFKO) for fine tuning the extraction. Strategies for the use of the RFKO method will be discussed here in the context of the Mu2e experiment. The feasibility of this method has been demonstrated in simulations. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Space_charge, 1.00, 1), (Accelerator_physics, 1.00, 1), (Betatron, 1.00, 1), (Fermilab, 1.00, 1), (Proton, 0.99, 1), (Radio_frequency, 0.98, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.97, 1), (Knockout, 0.97, 1), (Septum, 0.91, 1), (Chemistry, 0.70, 1), (Electric_charge, 0.67, 1), (Electron, 0.65, 1), (Nuclear_magnetic_resonance, 0.63, 1), (Radio, 0.63, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.61, 1), (Atom, 0.57, 1) | |
| === 67 === ArticleID: GB898PI14US0QQCG SCORE: 1! | |
| TITLE: Pulsar Rotation Measures and the Large‐Scale Structure of the Galactic Magnetic Field | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0601357 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The large-scale magnetic field of our Galaxy can be probed in three dimensions using Faraday rotation of pulsar signals. We report on the determination of 223 rotation measures from polarization observations of relatively distant southern pulsars made using the Parkes radio telescope. Combined with previously published observations these data give clear evidence for large-scale counterclockwise fields (viewed from the north Galactic pole) in the spiral arms interior to the Sun and weaker evidence for a counterclockwise field in the Perseus arm. However, in interarm regions, including the Solar neighbourhood, we present evidence that suggests that large-scale fields are clockwise. We propose that the large-scale Galactic magnetic field has a bisymmetric structure with reversals on the boundaries of the spiral arms. Streaming motions associated with spiral density waves can directly generate such a structure from an initial inwardly directed radial field. Large-scale fields increase toward the Galactic Center, with a mean value of about 2 µG in the Solar neighbourhood and 4 µG at a Galactocentric radius of 3 kpc. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Density_wave_theory, 1.00, 2), (Perseus_Arm, 1.00, 1), (Galactic_Center, 1.00, 1), (Spiral_galaxy, 1.00, 1), (Sun, 0.99, 1), (Parsec, 0.98, 1), (Milky_Way, 0.95, 1), (Parkes_Observatory, 0.83, 1), (Magnetic_field, 0.75, 1), (Galaxy, 0.67, 1) | |
| === 68 === ArticleID: E1QCGJ4NC4QYLSES SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Horava-Lifshitz modifications of the Casimir effect | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1006.1635 | |
| TAGS: [u'General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology', u'High Energy Physics - Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We study the modifications induced by spacetime anisotropy on the Casimir effect in the case of two parallel plates. Nonperturbative and perturbative regimes are analyzed. In the first case the Casimir force either vanishes or it reverses its direction which, in any case, makes the proposal untenable. On the other hand, the perturbative model enables us to incorporate appropriately the effects of spacetime anisotropy. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Quantum_cosmology, 1.00, 1), (Spacetime, 1.00, 1), (General_relativity, 1.00, 1), (Casimir_effect, 1.00, 2), (Physics, 0.99, 1), (Quantum_field_theory, 0.88, 1), (Photon, 0.81, 1), (Force, 0.74, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.73, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.66, 1), (Classical_mechanics, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 69 === ArticleID: V7TI9CMJMN9BQB7B SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: THE EFFECT OF SPECIFIC POISONS UPON THE PHOTO-REDUCTION WITH HYDROGEN IN GREEN ALGAE | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2142064/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p> 1. The effect of poisons upon the photoreduction with hydrogen in <italic>Scenedesmus</italic> and similar algae has been studied. The poisons used were cyanide, hydroxylamine, dinitrophenol, and carbon monoxide, substances known to inhibit more or less specifically certain enzymatic reactions. 2. It was found that quite generally one has to distinguish between the action of poisons upon the photoreduction in the stationary state, once this type of metabolism has been well established in the cells, and their effects on transition phenomena, on the "adaptation" and its reversal, the "turnback" from photoreduction to photosynthesis. 3. Cyanide inhibits photoreduction more strongly than it inhibits photosynthesis in the same algae. It is concluded that the mechanism of oxygen liberation, which is idle in photoreduction, is not very sensitive to cyanide. 4. Hydroxylamine in low concentrations is a powerful inhibitor of photosynthesis but has practically no influence on the rate of photoreduction. Consequently, it is assumed that it acts in photosynthesis mainly by inhibiting the evolution of oxygen. Greater concentrations of hydroxylamine clearly inhibit photoreduction, but diminish the rate to about one-half only. A greater degree of inhibition is obtained only by prolonged incubation. 5. Dinitrophenol was found to inhibit strongly the reduction of carbon dioxide, under aerobic as well as under anaerobic conditions. A stimulating effect of dinitrophenol can be demonstrated only with respiration or fermentation, not with photosynthesis. 6. Carbon monoxide interferes with all phases of the hydrogen metabolism in algae. It is supposed therefore to be a specific inhibitor for the hydrogenase system. 7. The "adaptation" to the hydrogen metabolism, which takes place if the algae are incubated anaerobically in hydrogen for several hours, is inhibited completely by very small amounts of cyanide. The adaptation reaction is more sensitive to cyanide than most of the other metabolic processes in the same cell. Correspondingly cyanide enhances the return to aerobic conditions, the "turnback," which occurs under the influence of light of high intensities. 8. Hydroxylamine, applied aerobically, inhibits the adaptation reaction to about the same degree as it inhibits photosynthesis. Photoreduction proceeds after the adaptation in presence of hydroxylamine only at a fraction of the rate that it would have if the poison were added later. 9. Hydroxylamine in concentrations of 10<sup>–3</sup> <sc>M</sc> protects the anaerobic metabolism against the return to aerobic photosynthesis which normally occurs under the influence of light of too high intensity. The protection is only relative and the higher the light intensity the more hydroxylamine is needed to keep photoreduction going. Once a "turnback" occurs in presence of much hydroxylamine all photochemical gas exchange comes to an end. </p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Hydrogenase, 1.00, 1), (Dinitrophenol, 1.00, 2), (Scenedesmus, 1.00, 2), (Oxygen, 1.00, 1), (Hydrogen, 1.00, 1), (Carbon_dioxide, 1.00, 1), (Carbon, 1.00, 1), (Evolution, 1.00, 1), (Photosynthesis, 1.00, 1), (Cyanide, 1.00, 2), (Metabolism, 1.00, 1), (Fermentation, 0.98, 1), (Gas_exchange, 0.96, 1), (Enzyme_inhibitor, 0.74, 1), (Anaerobic_organism, 0.73, 1), (Cellular_respiration, 0.71, 1), (Inhibitor, 0.64, 1), (Enzyme, 0.62, 1) | |
| === 70 === ArticleID: C5NXORQ79TY5WSMD SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: Learning First, Technology Second: Enhancing Missionary Training Through Technology | |
| URL: http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cpe/vol4/iss1/8 | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: This article describes how the missions agency EFCA ReachGlobal uses the open source online learning platform Moodle to train missionaries and to fulfill its goal to become a learning organization. Moodle is employed in three ways: online facilitated courses, collaboration zones and knowledge banks. Blended learning is also used, notably in ReachGlobal’s pre-field training for missionary candidates. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Learning_organization, 1.00, 1), (Moodle, 1.00, 1), (Missionary, 0.99, 2), (Open_source, 0.97, 1), (Skill, 0.90, 1), (Blended_learning, 0.71, 1), (Knowledge, 0.70, 1), (Proselytism, 0.68, 2) | |
| === 71 === ArticleID: 6FY60LGZ1QVB8F2J SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Effect of Peristrophe bicalyculata on Blood Pressure, Kidney and Liver Functions of Two Kidney One Clip (2K1C) Hypertensive Rats | |
| URL: http://www.maxwellsci.com/jp/abstract.php?jid=bjpt&no=77&abs=11 | |
| TAGS: [u'Antihypertensive', u'Peristrophe bicalyculata', u'hepatoprotective', u'two kidney one clip hypertensive rats'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The aqueous, butanolic and methanolic fractions of Peristrophe bicalyculata were accessed for their effect on the arterial blood pressure, liver enzymes and some kidney parameters in hypertensive rats. Forty rats were divided into nine groups of five rats each: control, hypertensive control, Standard (enalapril 3.8 mg/kg), methanolic extract (100 and 200 mg/kg), butanolic extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) and aqueous extract (100 and 200 mg/kg). All rats, except control group were made hypertensive using the Goldbatt Two Kidney One Clip (2 K 1 C) method. Administration of extracts began four weeks after induction of hypertension, and lasted for two weeks. Blood pressure was determined before inducing hypertension, and then weekly after the induction. Liver and kidney parameters w ere determined at the end of experiment. Results showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in blood pressure of the rats given the standard and all extracts compared to the hypertensive control group. The serum levels of urea and creatinine, as well as alanine aminotranferase (ALT) activity significantly decreased in rats given the standard drug, and all extracts, while the butanolic extract did not have effect on activity of aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase compared to the hypertensive control group. However, the blood pressure and other parameters determined were significantly (p<0.05) different in rats treated with the aqueous extract, especially at a higher dose (250 mg/kg) compared to those given the butanolic and methanolic extracts of the plant. In conclusion, this work has demonstrated the antihypertensive and hepatoprotective effect of Peristrophe bicalyculata, with the aqueous extract being the most effective. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Alanine, 1.00, 1), (Enalapril, 1.00, 1), (Antihypertensive_drug, 1.00, 2), (Hepatoprotection, 1.00, 1), (Aspartate_transaminase, 1.00, 1), (Alkaline_phosphatase, 1.00, 1), (Urea, 1.00, 1), (Hypertension, 1.00, 2), (Liver_function_tests, 1.00, 1), (Creatinine, 1.00, 1), (Blood_pressure, 1.00, 1), (Peristrophe_bicalyculata, 0.83, 2), (Liver, 0.79, 1), (Renin, 0.67, 1), (Myocardial_infarction, 0.62, 1) | |
| === 72 === ArticleID: IMYWFC3BG9WBFYT3 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Cosmic Perturbations Through the Cyclic Ages | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0607164 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics', u'High Energy Physics - Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We analyze the evolution of cosmological perturbations in the cyclic model, paying particular attention to their behavior and interplay over multiple cycles. Our key results are: (1) galaxies and large scale structure present in one cycle are generated by the quantum fluctuations in the preceding cycle without interference from perturbations or structure generated in earlier cycles and without interfering with structure generated in later cycles; (2) the ekpyrotic phase, an epoch of gentle contraction with equation of state $w\gg1$ preceding the hot big bang, makes the universe homogeneous, isotropic and flat within any given observer's horizon; and, (3) although the universe is uniform within each observer's horizon, the global structure of the cyclic universe is more complex, owing to the effects of superhorizon length perturbations, and cannot be described in a uniform Friedmann-Robertson-Walker picture. In particular, we show that the ekpyrotic phase is so effective in smoothing, flattening and isotropizing the universe within the horizon that this phase alone suffices to solve the horizon and flatness problems even without an extended period of dark energy domination (a kind of low energy inflation). Instead, the cyclic model rests on a genuinely novel, non-inflationary mechanism (ekpyrotic contraction) for resolving the classic cosmological conundrums. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Dark_energy, 1.00, 1), (Ekpyrotic_universe, 1.00, 1), (Evolution, 1.00, 1), (Quantum_fluctuations, 1.00, 1), (Observable_universe, 0.99, 1), (Big_Bang, 0.98, 2), (Isotropic, 0.87, 1), (Physical_cosmology, 0.85, 1), (Physics, 0.75, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.62, 1), (General_relativity, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 73 === ArticleID: ZQU01UAQYW194W64 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: RNA modulation of the human DNA methyltransferase 3A | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3458530/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>DNA methyltransferase 3 A (DNMT 3 A) is one of two human <italic>de novo</italic> DNA methyltransferases essential for transcription regulation during cellular development and differentiation. There is increasing evidence that RNA plays a role in directing DNA methylation to specific genomic locations within mammalian cells. Here, we describe two modes of RNA regulation of DNMT 3 A <italic>in vitro</italic>. We show a single-stranded RNA molecule that is antisense to the <italic>E-cadherin</italic> promoter binds tightly to the catalytic domain in a structurally dependent fashion causing potent inhibition of DNMT 3 A activity. Two other RNA molecules bind DNMT 3 A at an allosteric site outside the catalytic domain, causing no change in catalysis. Our observation of the potent and specific <italic>in vitro</italic> modulation of DNMT 3 A activity by RNA supports <italic>in vivo</italic> data that RNA interacts with DNMT 3 A to regulate transcription.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (DNA_methyltransferase, 1.00, 2), (Catalysis, 1.00, 1), (RNA, 1.00, 2), (DNA, 0.98, 1), (Modulation, 0.98, 1), (Transcription_(genetics), 0.97, 2), (Methylation, 0.97, 1), (RNA_molecules, 0.94, 1), (CDH1_(gene), 0.88, 1), (Allosteric, 0.85, 1) | |
| === 74 === ArticleID: 24HLBYG3SHN1LIMQ SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: The phonetic approach of clinical data [In Portuguese] | |
| URL: http://www.journalofspeechsciences.org/index.php/journalofspeechsciences/article/view/43 | |
| TAGS: [u'Speech Acoustics', u'Speech Perception', u'Speech Therapy', u'Voice Quality'] | |
| ABSTRACT: This study aims at presenting a review, from the methodological point of view, of procedures and demands related to the phonetic approach of clinical data. The possibility of taking into account the interface between speech perception and production may be productive when analyzing data collected from clinical settings or developing research in which the central questions arose from the clinical practice. The dynamic aspects of speech are considered. The series of studies reported reinforces the indication of a highly integrated and cooperative approach among the several research areas concerned on speech production and perception. The capability of producing speech under disorders caused by damages in phonatory and auditory systems can stimulate researchers to develop approaches that could influence theoretical models, rehabilitation tools and speech technologies development. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Phonation, 1.00, 1), (Speech_perception, 1.00, 1), (Human_voice, 0.99, 1), (Cooperative, 0.98, 0), (Scientific_method, 0.93, 1), (Speech_production, 0.88, 1), (Speech-language_pathology, 0.85, 2), (Phonetics, 0.81, 1), (Portugal, 0.76, 1), (Vocal_folds, 0.75, 1), (Manner_of_articulation, 0.69, 1), (Linguistics, 0.65, 1), (Place_of_articulation, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 75 === ArticleID: 6NBHHSQODV2GWLVP SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Neuronal sensitivity to TDP-43 overexpression is dependent on timing of induction | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3359456/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis', u'Apoptosis', u'Frontotemporal lobar degeneration', u'Neurodevelopment', u'TDP-43', u'Transgenic mice'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Ubiquitin-immunoreactive neuronal inclusions composed of TAR DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) are a major pathological feature of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP). In vivo studies with TDP-43 knockout mice have suggested that TDP-43 plays a critical, although undefined role in development. In the current report, we generated transgenic mice that conditionally express wild-type human TDP-43 (hTDP-43) in the forebrain and established a paradigm to examine the sensitivity of neurons to TDP-43 overexpression at different developmental stages. Continuous TDP-43 expression during early neuronal development produced a complex phenotype, including aggregation of phospho-TDP-43, increased ubiquitin immunoreactivity, mitochondrial abnormalities, neurodegeneration and early lethality. In contrast, later induction of hTDP-43 in the forebrain of weaned mice prevented early death and mitochondrial abnormalities while yielding salient features of FTLD-TDP, including progressive neurodegeneration and ubiquitinated, phospho-TDP-43 neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions. These results suggest that neurons in the developing forebrain are extremely sensitive to TDP-43 overexpression and that timing of TDP-43 overexpression in transgenic mice must be considered when distinguishing normal roles of TDP-43, particularly as they relate to development, from its pathogenic role in FTLD-TDP and other TDP-43 proteinopathies. Finally, our adult induction of hTDP-43 strategy provides a mouse model that develops critical pathological features that are directly relevant for human TDP-43 proteinopathies.</p><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00401-012-0979-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Neurodegeneration, 1.00, 2), (Neural_development, 1.00, 1), (Frontotemporal_lobar_degeneration, 1.00, 1), (Amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis, 1.00, 1), (Apoptosis, 1.00, 1), (TARDBP, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (DNA, 1.00, 1), (Frontotemporal_dementia, 0.96, 1), (Transgenesis, 0.94, 1), (Prosencephalon, 0.92, 1), (Gene, 0.91, 1), (Pathogen, 0.90, 1), (Neuron, 0.87, 1), (Developmental_biology, 0.85, 1), (Gene_expression, 0.83, 2), (Mitochondrion, 0.82, 1), (Knockout_mouse, 0.78, 1), (Immunoassay, 0.73, 1), (Cytoplasm, 0.72, 1), (DNA-binding_protein, 0.71, 1) | |
| === 76 === ArticleID: LGBRUGE8YHZ6SGAX SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Proof of a convergence of affine Riemann surfaces to a richer one | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.7520 | |
| TAGS: [u'Complex Variables'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We give a proof of a phenomenon conjectured in our former article: "Beltrami forms, affine surfaces and the Schwarz-Christoffel formula: a worked out example of straightening". We also start an abstract discussion of the notion of limits of Riemann surfaces. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Riemann_surface, 1.00, 2), (Manifold, 0.89, 1), (Complex_analysis, 0.84, 1), (Differential_geometry, 0.80, 1), (Surface, 0.78, 1), (Mathematics, 0.65, 1) | |
| === 77 === ArticleID: OE4FUW2D2PIVIG0L SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis | |
| URL: http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0354-950x/2007/0354-950x0703137m.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'clinical picture', u'obstructed hemivagina', u'renal agenesis', u'uterus didelphys'] | |
| ABSTRACT: This is a case report of two patients how have uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis with different clinical manifestations. Progressive abdominal pain after menarche, anuria or obstipation with the existing paravaginal tumor indicates this rare anomaly. Initially, the anomaly remains unrecognized, while patients most frequently referred to surgeons for assistance. The method of choice for diagnosis is clinical examination, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Transvaginal excision of the septum is appropriate mode of treatment. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Constipation, 1.00, 1), (Renal_agenesis, 1.00, 1), (Abdominal_pain, 1.00, 1), (Ipsilateral, 1.00, 1), (Uterus_didelphys, 1.00, 2), (Menarche, 1.00, 1), (Medical_ultrasonography, 0.96, 1), (Resonance, 0.93, 1), (Septum, 0.91, 1), (Medical_terms, 0.89, 1), (Medical_imaging, 0.86, 1), (Physician, 0.86, 1), (Pregnancy, 0.80, 1), (Gynecology, 0.78, 1), (Method_acting, 0.73, 1), (IMAGE, 0.72, 1), (Anuria, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 78 === ArticleID: V3GSZWL0HAHB8MWA SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: The Las Campanas/Palomar 10,000 Kilometer Per Second Cluster Survey. I. Properties of the Tully‐Fisher Relation | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9809160 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The first results from a Tully-Fisher (TF) survey of cluster galaxies are presented. The galaxies are drawn from fifteen Abell clusters that lie in the redshift range 9000-12,000 km/sec and are distributed uniformly around the celestial sky. The data set consists of R-band CCD photometry and long- slit H-alpha spectroscopy. The rotation curves (RCs) are characterized by a turnover radius (r_t) and an asymptotic velocity v_a, while the surface brightness profiles are characterized in terms of an effective exponential surface brightness I_e and a scale length r_e. The TF scatter is minimized when the rotation velocity is measured at 2.0 +/- 0.2 r_e; a significantly larger scatter results when the rotation velocity is measured at > 3 or < 1.5 scale lengths. This effect demonstrates that RCs do not have a universal form, as has been suggested by Persic, Salucci, and Stel. In contrast to previous studies, a modest but statistically significant surface-brightness dependence of the TF relation is found, log v = const + 0.28*log L + 0.14*log I_e. This indicates a stronger parallel between the TF relation and the FP relations of elliptical galaxies than has previously been recognized. Future papers in this series will consider the implications of this cluster sample for deviations from Hubble flow on 100-200 Mpc scales. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Tully–Fisher_relation, 1.00, 2), (Hubble's_law, 1.00, 2), (Parsec, 1.00, 1), (H-alpha, 1.00, 1), (Palomar, 1.00, 1), (Spectroscopy, 1.00, 1), (Redshift, 0.99, 1), (Scale_length_(string_instruments), 0.98, 1), (Las_Campanas_Observatory, 0.95, 1), (Photometry_(astronomy), 0.94, 1), (Galaxy, 0.92, 1), (Astrophysics, 0.91, 1), (Elliptical_galaxy, 0.89, 1), (Data_set, 0.86, 1), (Star, 0.81, 1), (Surface_brightness, 0.81, 1), (Observational_astronomy, 0.73, 1), (Astronomical_spectroscopy, 0.69, 1), (Dark_matter, 0.64, 1) | |
| === 79 === ArticleID: O2VM8NKE65U0W4LD SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Anticonvulsant and proconvulsant roles of nitric oxide in experimental epilepsy models | |
| URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=s0100-879x1997000800010 | |
| TAGS: [u'GEPR', u'audiogenic seizures', u'brainstem', u'experimental epilepsy', u'forebrain', u'geneticy epilepsy-prone rats', u'nitric oxide', u'pentylenetetrazol', u'pilocarpine', u'seizures'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The effect of acute (120 mg/kg) and chronic (25 mg/kg, twice a day, for 4 days) intraperitonial injection of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) was evaluated on seizure induction by drugs such as pilocarpine and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and by sound stimulation of audiogenic seizure-resistant (R) and audiogenic seizure-susceptible (S) rats. Seizures were elicited by a subconvulsant dose of pilocarpine (100 mg/kg) only after NOS inhibition. NOS inhibition also simultaneously potentiated the severity of PTZ-induced limbic seizures (60 mg/kg) and protected against PTZ-induced tonic seizures (80 mg/kg). The audiogenic seizure susceptibility of S or R rats did not change after similar treatments. In conclusion, proconvulsant effects of NOS inhibition are suggested to occur in the pilocarpine model and in the limbic components of PTZ-induced seizures, while an anticonvulsant role is suggested for the tonic seizures induced by higher doses of PTZ, revealing inhibitor-specific interactions with convulsant dose and also confirming the hypothesis that the effects of NOS inhibitors vary with the model of seizure | |
| CONCEPTS: (Pilocarpine, 1.00, 1), (Pentylenetetrazol, 1.00, 1), (Anticonvulsant, 1.00, 1), (Audiogenic, 1.00, 1), (Epilepsy, 1.00, 2), (Seizure, 1.00, 1), (Convulsant, 1.00, 1), (Prosencephalon, 0.96, 1), (Nitric_oxide, 0.85, 2), (Tonic_(music), 0.81, -1), (Status_epilepticus, 0.80, 1), (Inhibitor, 0.78, 1), (Diazepam, 0.75, 1), (Enzyme_inhibitor, 0.74, 1), (Myoclonus, 0.67, 1) | |
| === 80 === ArticleID: S6PXBXHGXL50ALI8 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: A Comparative Trial: The Safety and Clinical Efficacy of PEG 3350 and Liquid Paraffin in Management of Chronic Functional Constipation in Children | |
| URL: http://www.scirp.org/journal/paperdownload.aspx?doi=10.4236/ijcm.2012.35072 | |
| TAGS: [u'Children', u'Constipation', u'Liquid Paraffin', u'Polyethylene Glycol'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Background: Constipation is one of the most common problems in the pediatric age group. In the vast majority, chronic constipation is idiopathic or functional. In addition to education and behavioral changes, disimpaction and maintenance treatment with medications are the main pillars of successful outcome. The medications are variably effective and have potential side effects. Objectives: The current clinical trial was designed to evaluate clinical efficacy of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350 and liquid paraffin in chronic functional constipation. Besides, subjects were followed carefully for the side effects. Material and Methods: This study was involved 110 children suffering from chronic functional constipation. They were placed into two different groups, randomly. Each group was treated with PEG 3350 or liquid paraffin. The clinical efficacy and side effects were monitored. Results: After disimpaction with bisacodyl suppositories or combined with Mineral oil enemas in hard fecal impaction, maintenance therapy with PEG 3350 or liquid paraffin was started. The treatment duration and efficacies were not different between the two groups. Furthermore, serious adverse drug reaction was not observed. The family history of constipation and presence of incontinence were two worse prognostic factors. Conclusion: No difference was observed between PEG 3350 and liquid paraffin in chronic functional constipation in children in terms of their efficacies. They are safe and effective medications in this age group. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Constipation, 1.00, 2), (Adverse_drug_reaction, 1.00, 1), (Polyethylene_glycol, 1.00, 1), (Liquid_paraffin_(medicinal), 1.00, 2), (Suppository, 1.00, 1), (Bisacodyl, 1.00, 1), (Fecal_impaction, 1.00, 1), (Clinical_trial, 1.00, 1), (Urinary_incontinence, 0.89, 1), (Cell_(biology), 0.79, 0), (Chronic_constipation, 0.73, 1), (Clinical_Efficacy, 0.69, 1), (Enema, 0.67, 1), (Laxative, 0.58, 1), (Pharmacology, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 81 === ArticleID: 4SU1HBTRSJFENFLO SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Inner disk regions revealed by infrared interferometry | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0708.3359 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: I review the results obtained by long-baseline interferometry at infrared wavelengths on the innermost regions around young stars. These observations directly probe the location of the dust and gas in the disks. The characteristic sizes of these regions found are larger than previously thought. These results have motivated in part a new class of models of the inner disk structure. However the precise understanding of the origin of these low visibilities is still in debate. Mid-infrared observations have probed disk emission over a larger range of scales revealing mineralogy gradients in the disk. Recent spectrally resolved observations allow the dust and gas to be studied separately. The few results shows that the Brackett gamma emission can find its origin either in a wind or in a magnetosphere but there are no definitive answers yet. In a certain number of cases, the very high spatial resolution seems to reveal very close companions. In any case, these results provide crucial information on the structure and physical properties of disks surrounding young stars especially as initial conditions for planet formation. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Infrared, 1.00, 2), (Interferometry, 1.00, 2), (Magnetosphere, 0.99, 1), (Electromagnetic_radiation, 0.95, 1), (Electromagnetic_spectrum, 0.92, 1), (Jupiter, 0.82, -2), (Optics, 0.75, 1), (Star, 0.73, 2), (Sun, 0.71, 1), (Carbon_dioxide, 0.67, 1), (Gamma_ray, 0.56, 1) | |
| === 82 === ArticleID: GGXB8NK5HJT13PR2 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Complications following Use of Intraoperative Mitomycin-C in Pterygium Surgery. | |
| URL: http://www.jkscience.org/archive/volume6/complic.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'Mitomycin-C', u'Pterygium', u'Scleral thinning'] | |
| ABSTRACT: This study was designed to evaluate the possible complications following the use of intraoperativemitomycin-C in patients undergoing surgery for primary pterygium. Hundred eyes of 88 patients withprimary pterygium were operated upon using ''bare sclera technique''. Intraoperatively all the patientswere applied freshly prepared mitomycin-C 0.02% (0.2 mg/ml) on the bare sclera for a period of 5 minutes, after which the eyes were thoroughly rinsed with a sterile balanced salt solution. Postoperatively, none ofthe patients recieved mitomycin-C eye drops. After a mean postoperative followup of 14 months, 4 eyes(4%) of 4 patients developed thinning of the sclera with visualization of the underlying uveal tissue. Oneeye (1%) developed extreme thinning of the sclera with ectasia of the underlying uveal tissue, requiringa scleral patch. Recurrence was seen in 2 eyes (2%) only. The study shows that although intraoperativemitomycin-C (0.02%) reduces the recurrence of pterygium, it leads to serious, cosmetically unacceptableand even sight-threatening complications. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Mitomycin, 1.00, 2), (Sclera, 1.00, 1), (Salt, 0.95, 1), (Eye, 0.94, 2), (Pterygium_Surgery, 0.88, 2), (Pterygium, 0.87, 1), (Eye_drop, 0.76, 1), (Cornea, 0.69, 1), (Eye_color, 0.67, 1) | |
| === 83 === ArticleID: 2N1WHN5G68X4RR5B SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Anomaly Induced Transport in Arbitrary Dimensions | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1106.0277 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Theory', u'Strongly Correlated Electrons'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Motivated by the consistency of a global anomaly with the second law of thermodynamics, we propose a form for the anomaly induced charge/energy transport in arbitrary even dimensions. In a given dimension, this form exhausts all second law constraints on anomaly induced transport at any given order in hydrodynamic derivative expansion. This is achieved by solving the second law constraints off-shell without resorting to hydrodynamic equations at lower orders. We also study various possible finite temperature corrections to such anomaly induced transport coefficients. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Strongly_correlated_material, 1.00, 1), (Physics, 0.97, 1), (Entropy, 0.84, 1), (Laws_of_thermodynamics, 0.79, 1), (Temperature, 0.73, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.69, 1), (Heat, 0.63, 1), (Second_law_of_thermodynamics, 0.62, 1) | |
| === 84 === ArticleID: FNCDF5P0QLHA6SOA SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Performance Analysis of l_0 Norm Constraint Least Mean Square Algorithm | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1535 | |
| TAGS: [u'Information Theory', u'Performance'] | |
| ABSTRACT: As one of the recently proposed algorithms for sparse system identification, $l_0$ norm constraint Least Mean Square ($l_0$-LMS) algorithm modifies the cost function of the traditional method with a penalty of tap-weight sparsity. The performance of $l_0$-LMS is quite attractive compared with its various precursors. However, there has been no detailed study of its performance. This paper presents all-around and throughout theoretical performance analysis of $l_0$-LMS for white Gaussian input data based on some reasonable assumptions. Expressions for steady-state mean square deviation (MSD) are derived and discussed with respect to algorithm parameters and system sparsity. The parameter selection rule is established for achieving the best performance. Approximated with Taylor series, the instantaneous behavior is also derived. In addition, the relationship between $l_0$-LMS and some previous arts and the sufficient conditions for $l_0$-LMS to accelerate convergence are set up. Finally, all of the theoretical results are compared with simulations and are shown to agree well in a large range of parameter setting. | |
| CONCEPTS: (System_identification, 1.00, 2), (Algorithm, 1.00, 2), (Taylor_series, 1.00, 1), (Information_theory, 1.00, 1), (Sparse_matrix, 0.97, 2), (Standard_deviation, 0.96, 1), (Loss_function, 0.91, 1), (Series_(mathematics), 0.81, 1), (Linear_programming, 0.75, 1), (Derivative, 0.75, 1), (Taylor, 0.71, 1), (Mathematical_terminology, 0.68, 1), (Selection_rule, 0.65, 1) | |
| === 85 === ArticleID: VY66BVI1BI4N7KZJ SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: VIKOR Method for Diabetic Nephropathy Risk Factors Analysis | |
| URL: http://ami.info.umfcluj.ro/index.php/ami/article/view/401/pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'Attribute relevance analysis', u'Chronic kidney disease', u'Oxidative stress', u'VIKOR method'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Diabetic kidney disease is an important complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T 2 DM) and has an economic impact in growth due to the increasing prevalence of T 2 DM. Identification of diabetic kidney disease risk factors is a priority for both the patient and the healthcare system. The aim of our study was to rank the risk factors using VIKOR method applied on a database with patients with T 2 DM. Data from 53 T 2 DM patients were analyzed with VIKOR method. 18 possible risk factors were taken in consideration as alternatives and four separate criteria of renal function: two for albumin excretion – quantified as urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) and two for GFR (glomerular filtration rate). In the top of the VIKOR method hierarchy was serum adiponectin followed by triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, duration of diabetes and age. Malondialdehyde and HDL-cholesterol influenced chronic kidney disease as protective factors (18th, respective 17th position in the hierarchy). VIKOR method brought new information about the similarity between the positions of some factors in the hierarchy. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Chronic_kidney_disease, 1.00, 2), (Triglyceride, 1.00, 1), (Oxidative_stress, 1.00, 1), (Adiponectin, 1.00, 1), (High-density_lipoprotein, 1.00, 1), (Renal_function, 1.00, 1), (Nephropathy, 1.00, 1), (Creatinine, 1.00, 1), (Kidney, 0.97, 1), (Healthcare_system, 0.88, 1), (Blood_pressure, 0.84, 1), (Albumin, 0.81, 1), (Kidney_disease, 0.80, 1), (Diabetic_nephropathy, 0.76, 1), (Hypertension, 0.76, 1), (Malondialdehyde, 0.75, 1), (Nephrology, 0.62, 1), (Diabetes_mellitus, 0.62, 2) | |
| === 86 === ArticleID: ETGM58558NYO4JHN SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Hormetic Concentrations of Hydrogen Peroxide but Not Ethanol Induce Cross-Adaptation to Different Stresses in Budding Yeast | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3942194/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>The biphasic-dose response of microorganisms to hydrogen peroxide is a phenomenon of particular interest in hormesis research. In different animal models, the dose-response curve for ethanol is also nonlinear showing an inhibitory effect at high doses but a stimulatory effect at low doses. In this study, we observed the hormetic-dose response to ethanol in budding yeast <italic>S. cerevisiae</italic>. Cross-protection is a phenomenon in which exposure to mild stress results in the acquisition of cellular resistance to lethal stress induced by different factors. Since both hydrogen peroxide and ethanol at low concentrations were found to stimulate yeast colony growth, we evaluated the role of one substance in cell cross-adaptation to the other substance as well as some weak organic acid preservatives. This study demonstrates that, unlike ethanol, hydrogen peroxide at hormetic concentrations causes cross-resistance of <italic>S. cerevisiae</italic> to different stresses. The regulatory protein Yap1 plays an important role in the hormetic effects by low concentrations of either hydrogen peroxide or ethanol, and it is involved in the yeast cross-adaptation by low sublethal doses of hydrogen peroxide.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Hormesis, 1.00, 2), (Organic_acid, 1.00, 1), (Cross-resistance, 1.00, 1), (Saccharomyces_cerevisiae, 1.00, 2), (Hydrogen_peroxide, 1.00, 2), (Microorganism, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (Hydrogen, 1.00, 1), (Dose–response_relationship, 1.00, 1), (Ethanol, 0.99, 2), (Yeast, 0.99, 2), (Nonlinear_system, 0.95, 1), (Model_organism, 0.67, 1), (Oxygen, 0.63, 1), (Fungus, 0.62, 1), (Brewing, 0.62, 0), (Acid, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 87 === ArticleID: XXJPUHDBWR377DXA SCORE: 1! | |
| TITLE: On the Goldberg–Sachs theorem in higher dimensions in the non-twisting case | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1211.2660 | |
| TAGS: [u'General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology', u'High Energy Physics - Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We study a generalization of the "shear-free part" of the Goldberg-Sachs theorem for Einstein spacetimes admitting a non-twisting multiple Weyl Aligned Null Direction (WAND) l in n>=6 spacetime dimensions. The form of the corresponding optical matrix ${\rho}$ is restricted by the algebraically special property in terms of the degeneracy of its eigenvalues. In particular, there necessarily exists at least one multiple eigenvalue and further constraints arise in various special cases. For example, when ${\rho}$ is non-degenerate and the Weyl components ${\Phi}_{ij}$ are non-zero, all eigenvalues of ${\rho}$ coincide and such spacetimes thus correspond to the Robinson-Trautman (RT) class. On the other hand, in certain degenerate cases all non-zero eigenvalues can be distinct. We also present explicit examples of Einstein spacetimes admitting some of the permitted forms of ${\rho}$, including examples violating the "optical constraint". The obtained restrictions on ${\rho}$ are, however, in general not sufficient for l to be a multiple WAND, as demonstrated by a few "counterexamples". We also discuss the geometrical meaning of these restrictions in terms of integrability properties of certain null distributions. Finally, we specialize our analysis to the six-dimensional case, where all the permitted forms of ${\rho}$ are given in terms of just two parameters. In the appendices some examples are given and certain results pertaining to (possibly) twisting mWANDs of Einstein spacetimes are presented. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Quantum_cosmology, 1.00, 1), (Spacetime, 1.00, 1), (General_relativity, 1.00, 1), (Albert_Einstein, 1.00, 1), (Petrov_classification, 0.99, 1), (Physics, 0.97, 1), (Weyl, 0.95, 1), (Einstein, 0.94, 1), (String_theory, 0.82, 1), (Special_relativity, 0.81, 1), (Photon, 0.63, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 88 === ArticleID: 1OTGJUDIICLVWY9W SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Using Semantic Web Technologies to Collaboratively Collect and Share User-Generated Content in Order to Enrich the Presentation of Bibliographic Records–Development of a Prototype Based on RDF, D2RQ, Jena, SPARQL and WorldCat’s FRBRization Web Service | |
| URL: http://journal.code4lib.org/articles/6695 | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: In this article we present a prototype of a semantic web-based framework for collecting and sharing user-generated content (reviews, ratings, tags, etc.) across different libraries in order to enrich the presentation of bibliographic records. The user-generated data is remodeled into RDF, utilizing established linked data ontologies. This is done in a semi-automatic manner utilizing the Jena and the D 2 RQ-toolkits. For the remodeling, a SPARQL-construct statement is tailored for each data source. In the data source used in our prototype, user-generated content is linked to the relevant books via their ISBN. By remodeling the data according to the FRBR model, and expanding the RDF graph with data returned by WorldCat's FRBRization web service, we are able to greatly increase the number of entry points to each book. We make the social content available through a RESTful web service with ISBN as a parameter. The web service returns a graph of all user-generated data registered to any edition of the book in question in the RDF/XML format. Libraries using our framework would thus be able to present relevant social content in association with bibliographic records, even if they hold a different version of a book than the one that was originally accessed by users. Finally, we connect our RDF graph to the linked open data cloud through the use of Talis’ openlibrary. org SPARQL endpoint. | |
| CONCEPTS: (User-generated_content, 1.00, 1), (SPARQL, 1.00, 1), (FRBR, 1.00, 1), (Web_service, 1.00, 1), (Linked_data, 1.00, 1), (Graph_(mathematics), 0.98, 1), (WorldCat, 0.98, 1), (RDF/XML, 0.98, 1), (Web_2.0, 0.97, 1), (Semantic_Web, 0.91, 2), (ISBN, 0.90, 1), (Jena, 0.87, 1) | |
| === 89 === ArticleID: L3YL655AAH7565OI SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Using Weakly Conserved Motifs Hidden in Secretion Signals to Identify Type-III Effectors from Bacterial Pathogen Genomes | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3577856/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p>As one of the most important virulence factor types in gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, type-III effectors (TTEs) play a crucial role in pathogen-host interactions by directly influencing immune signaling pathways within host cells. Based on the hypothesis that type-III secretion signals may be comprised of some weakly conserved sequence motifs, here we used profile-based amino acid pair information to develop an accurate TTE predictor.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>For a TTE or non-TTE, we first used a hidden Markov model-based sequence searching method (i. e., HHblits) to detect its weakly homologous sequences and extracted the profile-based <italic>k</italic>-spaced amino acid pair composition (HH-CKSAAP) from the N-terminal sequences. In the next step, the feature vector HH-CKSAAP was used to train a linear support vector machine model, which we designate as BEAN (Bacterial Effector ANalyzer). We compared our method with four existing TTE predictors through an independent test set, and our method revealed improved performance. Furthermore, we listed the most predictive amino acid pairs according to their weights in the established classification model. Evolutionary analysis shows that predictive amino acid pairs tend to be more conserved. Some predictive amino acid pairs also show significantly different position distributions between TTEs and non-TTEs. These analyses confirmed that some weakly conserved sequence motifs may play important roles in type-III secretion signals. Finally, we also used BEAN to scan one plant pathogen genome and showed that BEAN can be used for genome-wide TTE identification. The webserver and stand-alone version of BEAN are available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" ns0:href="http://protein. cau. edu. cn:8080/bean/">http://protein. cau. edu. cn:8080/bean/</ext-link>.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (HH-suite, 1.00, 1), (Plant_pathology, 1.00, 1), (Support_vector_machine, 1.00, 1), (Feature_vector, 1.00, 1), (N-terminus, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (Bacteria, 1.00, 1), (Pathogen, 0.95, 1), (Virulence_factor, 0.93, 2), (Microbiology, 0.89, 1), (Amino_acid, 0.87, 1) | |
| === 90 === ArticleID: M0KHLXH3T7R5R0MD SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: Fatal cerebral arterial gas embolism after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | |
| URL: http://www.ijccm.org/article.asp?issn=0972-5229;year=2009;volume=13;issue=2;spage=108;epage=112;aulast=rangappa | |
| TAGS: [u'Cerebral arterial gas embolism', u'endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography', u'hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2)'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>We report the case of a 50-year-old woman undergoing elective endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, who developed coma and hemiparesis secondary to severe cerebral artery gas embolism. Despite prompt diagnosis and early hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO<sub>2</sub>) she developed severe cerebral edema and died within 24 h.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Gas_embolism, 1.00, 2), (Hyperbaric_medicine, 1.00, 1), (Air_embolism, 1.00, 1), (Endoscopic_retrograde_cholangiopancreatography, 1.00, 1), (Hemiparesis, 1.00, 1), (HBO, 1.00, -2), (Cerebral_edema, 1.00, 2), (Artery, 1.00, 1), (Oxygen, 0.98, 1), (Diving_medicine, 0.86, -2), (Oxygen_toxicity, 0.60, 0), (Decompression_sickness, 0.59, -2), (Oxygen_mask, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 91 === ArticleID: K9LRUFION20ZSSEA SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets. V. Follow-up of ELODIE candidates: Jupiter-analogs around Sun-like stars | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1205.5835 | |
| TAGS: [u'Earth and Planetary Astrophysics', u'Solar and Stellar Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We present radial-velocity measurements obtained in a programs underway to search for extrasolar planets with the spectrograph SOPHIE at the 1.93-m telescope of the Haute-Provence Observatory. Targets were selected from catalogs observed with ELODIE, mounted previously at the telescope, in order to detect long-period planets with an extended database close to 15 years. Two new Jupiter-analog candidates are reported to orbit the bright stars HD 150706 and HD 222155 in 16.1 and 10.9 yr at 6.7 (+4.0,-1.4) and 5.1(+0.6,-0.7) AU and to have minimum masses of 2.71 (+1.44,-0.66) and 1.90 (+0.67,-0.53) M_Jup, respectively. Using the measurements from ELODIE and SOPHIE, we refine the parameters of the long-period planets HD 154345b and HD 89307b, and publish the first reliable orbit for HD 24040b. This last companion has a minimum mass of 4.01 +/- 0.49 M_Jup orbiting its star in 10.0 yr at 4.92 +/- 0.38 AU. Moreover, the data provide evidence of a third bound object in the HD 24040 system. With a surrounding dust debris disk, HD 150706 is an active G 0 dwarf for which we partially corrected the effect of the stellar spot on the SOPHIE radial-velocities. HD 222155 is an inactive G 2 V star. On the basis of the previous findings of collaborators and since no significant correlation between the radial-velocity variations and the activity index are found in the SOPHIE data, these variations are not expected to be only due to stellar magnetic cycles. Finally, we discuss the main properties of this new population of long-period Jupiter-mass planets, which for the moment, consists of fewer than 20 candidates. These stars are preferential targets either for direct-imaging or astrometry follow-up to constrain the system parameters and for higher precision radial-velocity to search for lower mass planets, aiming to find a Solar System twin. | |
| CONCEPTS: (ELODIE, 1.00, 1), (Solar_analog, 1.00, 1), (Debris_disk, 1.00, 1), (Haute-Provence_Observatory, 1.00, 1), (Minimum_mass, 1.00, 1), (Earth, 1.00, 1), (Solar_System, 1.00, 1), (Exoplanet, 1.00, 2), (Extrasolar_planet, 0.99, 1), (Orbit, 0.98, 1), (Astrometry, 0.97, 1), (Planet, 0.96, 1), (Star, 0.93, 1), (SOPHIE, 0.89, 1), (Stellar_Astrophysics, 0.86, 1), (Jupiter, 0.83, 1), (Earth_and_Planetary_Astrophysics, 0.82, 1), (Sun, 0.80, 1), (Radial_velocity, 0.78, 1), (Mass, 0.64, 1), (Astronomy, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 92 === ArticleID: LTZLZG3100O9WL1K SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: MetaCyc: a multiorganism database of metabolic pathways and enzymes | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc1347490/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>MetaCyc is a database of metabolic pathways and enzymes located at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" ns0:href="http://MetaCyc. org/" />. Its goal is to serve as a metabolic encyclopedia, containing a collection of non-redundant pathways central to small molecule metabolism, which have been reported in the experimental literature. Most of the pathways in MetaCyc occur in microorganisms and plants, although animal pathways are also represented. MetaCyc contains metabolic pathways, enzymatic reactions, enzymes, chemical compounds, genes and review-level comments. Enzyme information includes substrate specificity, kinetic properties, activators, inhibitors, cofactor requirements and links to sequence and structure databases. Data are curated from the primary literature by curators with expertise in biochemistry and molecular biology. MetaCyc serves as a readily accessible comprehensive resource on microbial and plant pathways for genome analysis, basic research, education, metabolic engineering and systems biology. Querying, visualization and curation of the database is supported by SRI's Pathway Tools software. The PathoLogic component of Pathway Tools is used in conjunction with MetaCyc to predict the metabolic network of an organism from its annotated genome. SRI and the European Bioinformatics Institute employed this tool to create pathway/genome databases (PGDBs) for 165 organisms, available at the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" ns0:href="BioCyc. org" /> website. These PGDBs also include predicted operons and pathway hole fillers.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Operon, 1.00, 1), (Experimental_literature, 1.00, 2), (Microorganism, 1.00, 1), (Molecular_biology, 1.00, 1), (Chemical_compound, 1.00, 1), (Biology, 1.00, 1), (Biochemistry, 1.00, 1), (Metabolism, 1.00, 1), (Engineering, 0.99, 1), (Enzyme, 0.98, 1), (Gene, 0.96, 1), (Organism, 0.90, 1), (Enzyme_substrate_(biology), 0.89, 1), (SRI, 0.87, 1), (Pathway_Tools, 0.85, 1), (Metabolic_pathway, 0.81, 2), (Bacteria, 0.78, 1), (DNA, 0.65, 1), (Protein, 0.63, 1), (Small_molecule, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 93 === ArticleID: YIYB44JPCZJWBDPP SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Phi-divergence statistics for the likelihood ratio order: an approach based on log-linear models | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1402.5384 | |
| TAGS: [u'Methodology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: When some treatments are ordered according to the categories of an ordinal categorical variable (e. g., extent of side effects) in a monotone order, one might be interested in knowing wether the treatments are equally effective or not. One way to do that is to test if the likelihood ratio order is strictly verified. A method based on log-linear models is derived to make statistical inference and phi-divergence test-statistics are proposed for the test of interest. Focussed on loglinear modeling, the theory associated with the asymptotic distribution of the phi-divergence test-statistics is developed. An illustrative example motivates the procedure and a simulation study for small and moderate sample sizes shows that it is possible to find phi-divergence test-statistic with an exact size closer to nominal size and higher power in comparison with the classical likelihood ratio. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Log-linear_model, 1.00, 2), (Statistical_inference, 0.91, 2), (Statistics, 0.90, 1), (Asymptotic_distribution, 0.89, 1), (Model, 0.85, 1), (Methodology, 0.85, 1), (Likelihood-ratio_test, 0.83, 1), (Sample_size, 0.83, 1), (Higher_Power, 0.71, -1), (Categorical_distribution, 0.69, 1), (Scientific_method, 0.69, 1), (Categorical_variable, 0.66, 1) | |
| === 94 === ArticleID: HI2BXAX5JTTCHFIH SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Fast fossil rotation of neutron star cores | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.5872 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena'] | |
| ABSTRACT: It is argued that the superfluid core of a neutron star super-rotates relative to the crust, because stratification prevents the core from responding to the electromagnetic braking torque, until the relevant dissipative (viscous or Eddington-Sweet) time-scale, which can exceed 10^3 yr and is much longer than the Ekman timescale, has elapsed. Hence, in some young pulsars, the rotation of the core today is a fossil record of its rotation at birth, provided that magnetic crust-core coupling is inhibited, e. g. by buoyancy, field-line topology, or the presence of uncondensed neutral components in the superfluid. Persistent core super-rotation alters our picture of neutron stars in several ways, allowing for magnetic field generation by ongoing dynamo action and enhanced gravitational wave emission from hydrodynamic instabilities. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Gravitational_wave, 1.00, 2), (Buoyancy, 1.00, 1), (Fossil, 1.00, 1), (Neutron_star, 0.99, 2), (Star, 0.99, 1), (Viscosity, 0.93, 2), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.90, 1), (Topology, 0.85, 1), (Supernova, 0.69, 1), (Galaxy, 0.63, 1), (Angular_momentum, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 95 === ArticleID: DVT899TEQHDHGOBW SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: The adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the colorectum--early appearance of a hierarchy of small intestinal mucin antigen (SIMA) epitopes and correlation with malignant potential. | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc1977410/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>The colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence was examined in relation to the ectopic expression of the oncofoetal Small Intestinal Mucin Antigen (SIMA), to the development of morphologic changes in the adenoma and perineoplastic mucosa and to indices of malignant potential. Four anti-SIMA MAbs, which define a novel hierarchy of SIMA epitopes in the normal small intestine and adjacent to colorectal cancers, were used in a retrospective immunohistochemical study of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP, n = 183) and non-familial (n = 44) adenomas. Inappropriate expression of SIMA epitopes was first detected in mucosa adjacent to minute microadenomas larger than three glands, and with increase in size, in increasing amounts within adenomas themselves, but not with microadenomas smaller than three glands or regions of flat mucosa free of adenomas. SIMA epitope expressed in mucosa adjacent to adenomas preceded changes in perineoplastic morphology, which progressed with adenoma growth to resemble transitional mucosa (TM) adjacent to cancers. Thus, the onset of both SIMA expression and morphological changes in TM were consistent with reactive rather than pre-existing field change phenomena. The previously reported hierarchy of four SIMA epitopes (5 C 5, 3 D 4, 4 D 3, 6 C 5) was also consistently observed in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, and applied to (i) the order of epitope detection, (ii) the number of positive adenomas and (iii) extent of staining; (iv) the height in the crypt and (v) distance from the adenoma to which epitopes were expressed in perineoplastic mucosa. These observations are consistent with a progression of changes in mucin composition with adenoma development. The percentage of positive adenomas and reactivity scores for each anti-SIMA MAb correlated with increasing adenoma size, degree of dysplasia and growth pattern. SIMA expression appears to predate the earliest reported oncogene and tumour suppressor gene changes, was persistent and increased throughout adenoma development. SIMA epitopes are thus markers of very early neoplastic change, whose expression correlates with malignant potential and may contribute to the accumulation of changes necessary for tumourigenesis.</p><sec sec-type="scanned-figures"><title>Images</title><fig id="F 1"><label>Figure 1</label><graphic ns0:href="brjcancer00062-0146-a" ns0:role="750" /></fig><fig id="F 2"><label>Figure 2</label><graphic ns0:href="brjcancer00062-0147-a" ns0:role="751" /></fig><fig id="F 3"><label>Figure 3</label><graphic ns0:href="brjcancer00062-0148-a" ns0:role="752" /></fig><fig id="F 4"><label>Figure 8</label><graphic ns0:href="brjcancer00062-0150-a" ns0:role="754" /></fig></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Oncogene, 1.00, 1), (Epitope, 1.00, 1), (Ectopic_expression, 1.00, 1), (Familial_adenomatous_polyposis, 1.00, 1), (Antigen, 1.00, 1), (Adenoma, 1.00, 1), (Immunohistochemistry, 1.00, 1), (Dysplasia, 0.99, 1), (Cancer, 0.99, 2), (Intestine, 0.97, 1), (Gland, 0.95, 1), (SIMA, 0.95, 2), (Neoplasm, 0.89, 1), (Oncology, 0.88, 1), (Morphology_(biology), 0.86, 1), (Large_intestine, 0.69, 1), (Immune_system, 0.60, 1), (Pituitary_adenoma, 0.56, 1) | |
| === 96 === ArticleID: BJCZU3R9YZ1M62CU SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Results from the UKQCD Parallel Tempering project | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9808052 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Lattice'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We present results from our study of the Parallel Tempering algorithm. We examine the swapping acceptance rate of a twin subensemble PT system. We use action matching technology in an attempt to maximise the swap acceptance rate. We model the autocorrelation times within Parallel Tempering ensembles in terms of autocorrelation times from Hybrid Monte Carlo. We present estimates for the autocorrelation times of the plaquette operator. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Parallel_tempering, 1.00, 1), (Plaquette, 1.00, 1), (Algorithm, 1.00, 1), (Autocorrelation, 1.00, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.98, 1), (Time, 0.93, 1), (Physics, 0.88, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.85, 1), (Monte_Carlo, 0.84, 1), (Matter, 0.79, 1), (Standard_Model, 0.70, 1) | |
| === 97 === ArticleID: N9ISP2JZTHH2UTKX SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Formulation and Evaluation of Cephalexin Extended Release Matrix Tablets Using 32 Factorial Design | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3249737/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Cephalexin', u'factorial design', u'hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose', u'matrix tablets', u'release kinetics', u'similarity factor (f2)'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>The aim of the present investigation was to prepare extended release film coated matrix tablets of cephalexin using binary mixture of two grades of hydrophilic polymer, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), by direct compression method. Results of the preliminary trials indicated that the polymers used have significant release retarding effect on the formulation. To study the effect of concentration of polymers on drug release from matrix tablets, 3<sup>2</sup> full factorial design was applied. The concentration of HPMC K 15 M and HPMC 15cps were used as independent variables, while percentage drug release was selected as dependent variable. The dissolution data were fitted into zero-order, first-order, Higuchi and Korsemeyer–Peppas models to identify the pharmacokinetics and mechanism of drug release. Comparative study of dissolution profile of final batch F 3 with market preparation (Sporidex AF 375) was done by similarity factor (f<sub>2</sub>) determination and it was concluded that final formulation F 3 (10% HPMC K 15 M, 17.5% HPMC 15cps) shows good similarity with the market product. The results of the accelerated stability study of final formulation F 3 for 1 month revealed that storage conditions were not found to have made any significant changes in final formulation F 3. The release of cephalexin was prolonged for 6 h by using polymer combinations of HPMC and a twice daily matrix tablet was formulated.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Factorial_experiment, 1.00, 1), (Cefalexin, 1.00, 2), (Hypromellose, 1.00, 1), (Cellulose, 0.99, 1), (Methyl_cellulose, 0.98, 1), (E_number, 0.97, 1), (Factorial_Design, 0.97, 1), (Pharmacokinetics, 0.97, 2), (Dependent_and_independent_variables, 0.91, 1), (Excipients, 0.80, 1), (Pharmacology, 0.75, 2), (Pharmaceutical_formulation, 0.67, 1), (Edible_thickening_agents, 0.64, 1), (Dependent_variable, 0.64, 1) | |
| === 98 === ArticleID: 1UI72C86D5JEFXDV SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: A STATIC OPTIMALITY TRANSFORMATION WITH APPLICATIONS TO PLANAR POINT LOCATION | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1104.5597 | |
| TAGS: [u'ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY', u'Arrays', u'Complexity of proof procedures', u'Computational Geometry', u'Computations on discrete structures', u'DATA STRUCTURES', u'Data', u'Data Structures and Algorithms', u'Distributed data structures', u'Geometrical problems and computations', u'Graphs and networks', u'Lists, stacks, and queues', u'Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems', u'Pattern matching', u'Records', u'Routing and layout', u'Sequencing and scheduling', u'Sorting and searching', u'Theory of Computation', u'Trees'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Over the last decade, there have been several data structures that, given a planar subdivision and a probability distribution over the plane, provide a way for answering point location queries that is fine-tuned for the distribution. All these methods suffer from the requirement that the query distribution must be known in advance. We present a new data structure for point location queries in planar triangulations. Our structure is asymptotically as fast as the optimal structures, but it requires no prior information about the queries. This is a 2 D analogue of the jump from Knuth's optimum binary search trees (discovered in 1971) to the splay trees of Sleator and Tarjan in 1985. While the former need to know the query distribution, the latter are statically optimal. This means that we can adapt to the query sequence and achieve the same asymptotic performance as an optimum static structure, without needing any additional information. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Pattern_matching, 1.00, 1), (Binary_search_tree, 1.00, 1), (Point_location, 1.00, 2), (Planar_subdivision, 1.00, 2), (Algorithm, 0.99, 1), (Splay_tree, 0.96, 1), (Computational_geometry, 0.94, 1), (Data_Structures, 0.94, 1), (Computational_complexity_theory, 0.79, 1), (Computer_science, 0.73, 1), (Triangulation, 0.71, 1), (Discrete_mathematics, 0.62, 1), (Algorithmic_efficiency, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 99 === ArticleID: 9P4GK87XSRVZXXY9 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Competitiveness in the New Economy. Implications for Romania given its Adhesion to the European Union | |
| URL: http://manager.faa.ro/download/459_606.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'Global Information Society', u'Knowledge Society', u'New Economy', u'globalization', u'information power', u'innovation', u'sustainable development'] | |
| ABSTRACT: At the present moment there can be noticed that world's economy is evolving from an essentially industrial society towards a Global Information Society known as Knowledge Society. This paper pursues to analyze the perspectives of the Romanian economic and social environment development given the transition to the new knowledge economy, upon its decisive and specific factors. The purpose of the material is to underline the current trends in the economic environment in Romania given the new context of shifting to an information based society, in view of the adhesion to the European Union. Studies performed by this moment clearly demonstrate that Romania must above all build a developed economic society in order to be able to implement more easily sources of communications and information technologies existing in the world. This demonstrates that a very close correlation exists between a country. s development level and its current use of Information Technology and Communications. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Knowledge_economy, 1.00, 1), (European_Union, 1.00, 2), (Romania, 1.00, 2), (Sustainability, 0.95, 1), (Economy, 0.92, 2), (Europe, 0.89, 1), (Global_Information_Society, 0.87, 1), (Ecological_economics, 0.86, 0), (Knowledge_Society, 0.82, 1), (International_trade, 0.82, 1) | |
| === 100 === ArticleID: 72YJZCQAF4L8JLZ4 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Separability of entangled qutrits in noisy channels | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0705.2162 | |
| TAGS: [u'Quantum Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We present an analysis of noisy atomic channels involving qutrits. We choose a three-level atom with V-configuration to be the qutrit state. Gell-Mann matrices and a generalized Bloch vector (8-dimensional) are used to describe the qutrit density operator. We introduce quantum quasi-distributions for qutrits that provide a simple description of entanglement. Studying the time-evolution for the atomic variables we find the Kraus representation of spontaneous emission quantum channel (SE channel). Furthermore, we consider a generalized Werner state of two qutrits and investigate the separability condition in the presence of spontaneous emission noise. The influence of spontaneous emission on the separability of Werner states for qutrit and qubit states is compared. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Density_matrix, 1.00, 1), (Bloch_sphere, 1.00, 1), (Gell-Mann_matrices, 1.00, 1), (Quantum_channel, 1.00, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.98, 1), (Werner, 0.84, 1), (Time-evolution, 0.78, 1), (Kraus, 0.68, 1), (Photon, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 101 === ArticleID: N7VWEZH0444HPJP4 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Topological invariants, surface states, and interaction-driven phase transitions in correlated Kondo insulators with cubic symmetry | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.3639 | |
| TAGS: [u'Strongly Correlated Electrons'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We construct a lattice model for a cubic Kondo insulator consisting of one spin-degenerate $d$ and $f$ orbital at each lattice site. The odd-parity hybridization between the two orbitals permits us to obtain various trivial and topological insulating phases, which we classify in the presence of cubic symmetry. In particular, depending on the choice of our model parameters, we find a strong topological insulator phase with a band inversion at the $\mathrm{X}$ point, modeling the situation potentially realized in SmB$_6$, and a topological crystalline insulator phase with trivial $\mathbb{Z}_2$ indices but nonvanishing mirror Chern numbers. Using the Kotliar-Ruckenstein slave-boson scheme, we further demonstrate how increasing interactions among $f$ electrons can lead to topological phase transitions. Remarkably, for fixed band parameters, the $f$-orbital occupation number at the topological transitions is essentially independent of the interaction strength, thus yielding a robust criterion to discriminate between different phases. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Chern_class, 1.00, 1), (Topological_insulator, 1.00, 2), (Strongly_correlated_material, 1.00, 1), (Phase_transition, 1.00, 1), (Insulator_(electricity), 0.98, 1), (Condensed_matter_physics, 0.97, 1), (Symmetry, 0.96, 1), (Crystal, 0.84, 1), (Insulator, 0.84, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.81, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.79, 1), (Crystal_system, 0.66, 2), (Crystallography, 0.61, 1), (Wallpaper_group, 0.60, 1), (Lattice_model_(physics), 0.58, 1) | |
| === 102 === ArticleID: K6SX8UB6EB3WLKK1 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Harlequin Baby (A Case Report) | |
| URL: http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/ansinet/jms/2007/926-928.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'Ichthyosis', u'harlequin fetus', u'hyperkeratosis', u'skin'] | |
| ABSTRACT: In this article, a full-term male neonate with Harlequin fetus has been reported. It was born from a 20 year old mother by the Caesarean operation. In the clinical examination, broad, thick and hard hyperkeratotic disks were observed all troughs the body with extended gashes among them in the skin. The deformity of the face, the eyes server ectropion, the orbital chemosis and the flattening of the nose and the ears were among other disorders to be observed. The lips were overturned. There were no nails or hairs to be seen. The movements of the joint were limited. Hands and legs, in particular in the extremities were on a state of fixed gangrene and seemed to be ischemic. The patient died in the third day of hospitalization due to indicators of respiratory infections and the sepsis. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Chemosis, 1.00, 1), (Ectropion, 1.00, 1), (Infant, 1.00, 2), (Gangrene, 1.00, 1), (Hyperkeratosis, 1.00, 2), (Sepsis, 1.00, 1), (Harlequin, 0.99, 1), (Ichthyosis, 0.95, 2), (Harlequin_type_ichthyosis, 0.95, 1), (Nail_(fastener), 0.55, -1) | |
| === 103 === ArticleID: 1FKNB5X2R5A47ERW SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Electronic Model for CoO2 Layer Based Systems: Chiral Resonating Valence Bond Metal and Superconductivity | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0303649 | |
| TAGS: [u'Materials Science', u'Strongly Correlated Electrons', u'Superconductivity'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Takada et al. have reported superconductivity in layered $Na__x CoO_2.yH_2 O$ ($T_c \approx5 K$) and more recently Wen et al. in $A_xCoO_{2+\delta}$ ($A = Na, K$)(\tc$\approx 31 K$). We model a reference neutral \cob layer as an orbitally non-degenerate spin-\half antiferromagnetic Mott insulator on a triangular lattice and $Na__x CoO_2.yH_2 O$ and $A_xCoO_{2+\delta}$ as electron doped Mott insulators described by a t-J model. It is suggested that at optimal doping chiral spin fluctuations enhanced by the dopant dynamics leads to a d-wave superconducting state. A chiral RVB metal, a PT violating state with condensed RVB gauge fields, with a possible weak ferromagnetism and low temperature p-wave superconductivity are also suggested at higher dopings. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Superconductivity, 1.00, 2), (Mott_insulator, 1.00, 2), (CoO, 1.00, 1), (Strongly_correlated_material, 1.00, 1), (Electron, 1.00, 1), (Chemical_bond, 0.99, 1), (Dopant, 0.97, 1), (Condensed_matter_physics, 0.95, 1), (Hexagonal_lattice, 0.88, 1), (Takada, 0.76, 1), (Wen, 0.69, 1), (Antiferromagnetic, 0.56, 1) | |
| === 104 === ArticleID: EI9IXYMJX0HNE7PE SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Type II-P supernovae as standardised candles: improvements using near infrared data | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0912.3107 | |
| TAGS: [u'Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We present the first near infrared Hubble diagram for type II-P supernovae to further explore their value as distance indicators. We use a modified version of the standardised candle method which relies on the tight correlation between the absolute magnitudes of type II-P supernovae and their expansion velocities during the plateau phase. Although our sample contains only 12 II-P supernovae and they are necessarily local (z < 0.02), we demonstrate using near infrared JHK photometry that it may be possible to reduce the scatter in the Hubble diagram to 0.1-0.15 magnitudes. While this is potentially similar to the dispersion seen for type Ia supernovae, we caution that this needs to be confirmed with a larger sample of II-P supernovae in the Hubble flow. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Hubble's_law, 1.00, 2), (Absolute_magnitude, 1.00, 1), (Supernova, 1.00, 1), (Infrared, 1.00, 1), (Plateau, 1.00, 1), (Redshift, 0.99, 1), (Cosmology_and_Nongalactic_Astrophysics, 0.97, 1), (Photometry_(astronomy), 0.94, 1), (Type_Ia_supernova, 0.94, 2), (Dispersion_(optics), 0.91, 1), (Physical_cosmology, 0.80, 1), (Big_Bang, 0.77, 1), (Galaxy, 0.72, 1), (Metric_expansion_of_space, 0.64, 2), (Electromagnetic_spectrum, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 105 === ArticleID: 4F1SFXV8H4DKXW5K SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: FAM129B is a novel regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction in melanoma cells | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3829391/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>The inability of targeted BRAF inhibitors to produce long-lasting improvement in the clinical outcome of melanoma highlights a need to identify additional approaches to inhibit melanoma growth. Recent studies have shown that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway decreases tumor growth and cooperates with ERK/MAPK pathway inhibitors to promote apoptosis in melanoma. Therefore, the identification of Wnt/β-catenin regulators may advance the development of new approaches to treat this disease. In order to move towards this goal we performed a large scale small-interfering RNA (siRNA) screen for regulators of β-catenin activated reporter activity in human HT 1080 fibrosarcoma cells. Integrating large scale siRNA screen data with phosphoproteomic data and bioinformatics enrichment identified a protein, FAM 129 B, as a potential regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Functionally, we demonstrated that siRNA-mediated knockdown of FAM 129 B in A 375 and A 2058 melanoma cell lines inhibits WNT 3 A-mediated activation of a β-catenin-responsive luciferase reporter and inhibits expression of the endogenous Wnt/β-catenin target gene, AXIN 2. We also demonstrate that FAM 129 B knockdown inhibits apoptosis in melanoma cells treated with WNT 3 A. These experiments support a role for FAM 129 B in linking Wnt/β-catenin signaling to apoptosis in melanoma.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Fibrosarcoma, 1.00, 1), (Beta-catenin, 1.00, 1), (Wnt_signaling_pathway, 1.00, 2), (Apoptosis, 1.00, 1), (Gene, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (Luciferase, 1.00, 1), (RNA, 1.00, 1), (BRAF_(gene), 0.99, 1), (Endogeny, 0.98, 1), (FAM, 0.95, 1), (Reporter, 0.80, 1), (Inhibitor, 0.79, 1), (ERK_pathway, 0.77, 1), (DNA, 0.76, 1), (Gene_expression, 0.76, 1), (Enzyme_inhibitor, 0.76, 1) | |
| === 106 === ArticleID: N93HXOCR4A7IFQZM SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Leukocyte DNA Methylation Signature Differentiates Pancreatic Cancer Patients from Healthy Controls | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3063802/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PaC) is one of most difficult tumors to treat. Much of this is attributed to the late diagnosis. To identify biomarkers for early detection, we examined DNA methylation differences in leukocyte DNA between PaC cases and controls in a two-phase study. In phase I, we measured methylation levels at 1,505 CpG sites in treatment-naïve leukocyte DNA from 132 never-smoker PaC patients and 60 never-smoker healthy controls. We found significant differences in 110 CpG sites (false discovery rate <0.05). In phase II, we tested and validated 88 of 96 phase I selected CpG sites in 240 PaC cases and 240 matched controls (p≤0.05). Using penalized logistic regression, we built a prediction model consisting of five CpG sites (IL 10_P 348, LCN 2_P 86, ZAP 70_P 220, AIM 2_P 624, TAL 1_P 817) that discriminated PaC patients from controls (C-statistic = 0.85 in phase I; 0.76 in phase II). Interestingly, one CpG site (LCN 2_P 86) alone could discriminate resectable patients from controls (C-statistic = 0.78 in phase I; 0.74 in phase II). We also performed methylation quantitative trait loci (methQTL) analysis and identified three CpG sites (AGXT_P 180_F, ALOX 12_E 85_R, JAK 3_P 1075_R) where the methylation levels were significantly associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (false discovery rate <0.05). Our results demonstrate that epigenetic variation in easily obtainable leukocyte DNA, manifested by reproducible methylation differences, may be used to detect PaC patients. The methylation differences at certain CpG sites are partially attributable to genetic variation. This study strongly supports future epigenome-wide association study using leukocyte DNA for biomarker discovery in human diseases.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Jak_3, 1.00, 1), (Quantitative_trait_locus, 1.00, 1), (CpG_site, 1.00, 1), (False_discovery_rate, 1.00, 1), (DNA_methylation, 1.00, 2), (White_blood_cell, 1.00, 1), (Logistic_regression, 1.00, 1), (Single-nucleotide_polymorphism, 1.00, 1), (Epigenetics, 1.00, 1), (DNA, 1.00, 1), (Biomarker, 0.99, 1), (Methylation, 0.99, 1), (Pancreatic_adenocarcinoma, 0.83, 1), (Pancreatic_cancer, 0.69, 2), (Genetic_variation, 0.65, 1), (Voluntary_association, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 107 === ArticleID: RTETQW3VIHKBSMSV SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: MicroRNA Gene Networks in Oncogenesis | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2699834/ | |
| TAGS: [u'carcinogenesis.', u'gene networks', u'gene regulation', u'microRNAs'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level. They are involved in cellular development, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis and play a significant role in cancer. Examination of tumor-specific microRNA expression profiles has revealed widespread deregulation of these molecules in diverse cancers. Several studies have shown that microRNAs function either as tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, whose loss or overexpression respectively has diagnostic and prognostic significance. It seems that microRNAs act as major regulators of gene expression. In this review, we discuss microRNAs’ role in cancer and how microRNAs exert their functions through regulation of their gene targets. Bioinformatic analysis of putative miRNA binding sites has indicated several novel potential gene targets involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastatic mechanisms. Matching computational prediction analysis together with microarray data seems the best method for microRNA gene target identification. MicroRNAs together with transcription factors generate a complex combinatorial code regulating gene expression. Thus, manipulation of microRNA-transcription factor gene networks may be provides a novel approach for developing cancer therapies.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Oncogene, 1.00, 2), (Tumor_suppressor_gene, 1.00, 1), (MicroRNA, 1.00, 2), (Regulation_of_gene_expression, 1.00, 2), (Apoptosis, 1.00, 1), (Gene, 1.00, 1), (Gene_regulatory_network, 1.00, 1), (Cancer, 1.00, 1), (RNA_interference, 1.00, 1), (Non-coding_RNA, 0.99, 1), (Bioinformatics, 0.98, 1), (Gene_expression, 0.94, 1), (RNAs, 0.88, 1), (DNA, 0.87, 1), (Carcinogenesis, 0.84, 1), (Transcription_factor, 0.81, 1), (Microarray, 0.80, 1) | |
| === 108 === ArticleID: 68ILJUVGYMNZJUDT SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: Application of Entropy-weight Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method in Post Safety Competency Appraisal of Special Operation Staff in Coal Enterprises | |
| URL: http://ojs.academypublisher.com/index.php/jsw/article/view/8424 | |
| TAGS: [u'entropy-weight', u'fuzzy comprehensive evaluation', u'security competent feature', u'special operation staff'] | |
| ABSTRACT: For individual miners with the phenomenon of accident proneness, this study proposes to establish a competency model of miner safety management. On this basis, entropy-weight method is used to determine the weights of competency indexes at all levels, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is applied to score security competency. The computerized solving is realized with the help of Matlab programming. The results show that the entropy-weight fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of the post safety competence of coal mine special operations personnel is feasible. | |
| CONCEPTS: (MATLAB, 1.00, 1), (Coal, 1.00, 2), (Safety, 0.97, 2), (Coal_Enterprises, 0.97, 1), (Competence, 0.92, 1), (Accident, 0.86, 1), (Special_operations, 0.72, 1) | |
| === 109 === ArticleID: 43297SMX1M4SBU5F SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Infection with hepatitis B virus carrying novel pre-S/S gene mutations in female siblings vaccinated at birth: two case reports | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2904790/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Introduction</title><p>After the initiation of a mass hepatitis B vaccination program in Taiwan, the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection has declined progressively. However, about 1 percent of the young generation, who received hepatitis B vaccination at birth, remain carriers. Infection with vaccine-escape hepatitis B virus mutants always occurs shortly after birth. Here, we report two female siblings in whom the infection occurred in their adolescence. This report raises the question of whether a booster for hepatitis B vaccination is needed.</p></sec><sec><title>Case presentation</title><p>Two 19 and 14-year-old Taiwanese female siblings were born to a mother infected with hepatitis B virus and received a complete course of hepatitis B vaccination at birth. They remained negative for serum hepatitis B surface antigen and positive for serum anti-hepatitis B surface antibody throughout their childhood. However, both were infected with the hepatitis B virus in their adolescence. Hepatitis B virus DNA was extracted from serum samples from the mother and two siblings. Hepatitis B virus pre-S/S sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction followed by nucleotide sequencing. When compared with the sequence obtained from the mother, multiple amino acid substitutions located near or in the major hydrophilic region of the surface antigen were identified in the elder sister. Four of these mutations (sL 97 S, sL 98 S, sG 102 R, and sA 159 P) were novel. A novel in-frame deletion (14 amino acids deleted, pre-S 127-140) was found in the hepatitis B virus pre-S 2 region in the younger sister.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Despite having received hepatitis B vaccination at birth, hepatitis B virus infection can still occur in adolescence with the emergence of novel mutations in the pre-S/S gene. This is a rare event and, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously reported.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (HBsAg, 1.00, 1), (Polymerase_chain_reaction, 1.00, 1), (Antigen, 1.00, 1), (Gene, 1.00, 1), (DNA, 1.00, 1), (Hepatitis_B, 0.98, 2), (Mutation, 0.97, 1), (Nucleotide, 0.97, 1), (Vaccination, 0.94, 2), (Hepatitis_B_virus, 0.92, 1), (Amino_acid, 0.84, 1), (Protein, 0.67, 1), (Bacteria, 0.62, 1), (Immune_system, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 110 === ArticleID: 7S016KYYEESTEL5Z SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Endovascular treatment of huge saccular abdominal aortic aneurysm in a young Behcet patient: mid-term result | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc101372/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p>Abdominal aortic aneurysm formation is among the arterial complications of Behcet's disease. Weakness and fragility of aortic walls leads to the development of arterial complications like pseudoaneurysms.</p></sec><sec><title>Case Presentation</title><p>A case of huge saccular abdominal aortic aneurysm in a young Behcet patient who was successfully treated with endovascular stent graft placement is reported, diagnostic and interventional procedures are discussed, and mid-term follow-up results are presented.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm complications of young Behcet patients who are not suitable for open surgery and need intervention could be an alternative treatment modality even without performing preprocedural angiography.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Aortic_aneurysm, 1.00, 2), (Behçet's_disease, 1.00, 2), (Angiography, 1.00, 1), (Stent, 1.00, 2), (Aneurysm, 0.98, 1), (Abdominal_aortic_aneurysm, 0.98, 2), (Behcet, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 111 === ArticleID: DH46J076HYHV3Z40 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Meteorological drivers of ablation processes on a cold glacier in the semiarid Andes of Chile | |
| URL: http://www.the-cryosphere-discuss.net/7/1833/2013/tcd-7-1833-2013.pdf | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: Meteorological and surface change measurements collected during a 2.5 yr period are used to calculate surface mass and energy balances at 5324 m a. s.l. on Guanaco Glacier, a cold-based glacier in the semi-arid Andes of Chile. Meteorological conditions are marked by extremely low vapour pressures (annual mean of 1.1 hPa), strong winds (annual mean of 10 m s−1), high shortwave radiation receipt (mean annual 295 W m−2) and low precipitation rates (mean annual 45 mm w. e.). Net shortwave radiation provides the greatest source of energy to the glacier surface, and net longwave radiation dominates energy losses. The turbulent latent heat flux is always negative, which means that the surface is always losing mass via sublimation, which is the main form of ablation at the site. Sublimation rates are most strongly correlated with net shortwave radiation, incoming shortwave radiation, albedo and vapour pressure. Low glacier surface temperatures restrict melting for much of the period, however episodic melting occurs during the austral summer, when warm, humid, calm and high pressure conditions restrict sublimation and make more energy available for melting. Low accumulation (131 mm w. e. over the period) and relatively high ablation (1435 mm w. e.) means that mass change over the period was negative (−1304 mm w. e.), which continued the negative trend recorded in the region over the last few decades. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Summer, 1.00, 1), (Latent_heat, 1.00, 1), (Negative_Trend, 1.00, 1), (Vapor_pressure, 1.00, 1), (Shortwave_radiation, 1.00, 1), (Pascal_(unit), 1.00, 1), (Andes, 1.00, 1), (Glacier, 1.00, 2), (Chile, 1.00, 2), (Ablation, 0.99, 1), (Water_vapor, 0.97, 1), (Sublimation_(phase_transition), 0.97, 2), (Precipitation_(chemistry), 0.91, 1), (Pressure, 0.89, 1), (Energy, 0.86, 1), (Longwave_radiation, 0.80, 1), (Semiarid_Andes_of_Chile, 0.72, 1), (Atmospheric_thermodynamics, 0.69, 1), (Partial_pressure, 0.66, 1), (Meteorology, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 112 === ArticleID: G456OWZ4JPZQKNMP SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Short-baseline neutrino oscillations and neutrinoless double-beta decay in the framework of three neutrino mixing and a mass hierarchy | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9602216 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Phenomenology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We have analyzed the results of the latest terrestrial neutrino oscillation experiments in the framework of a model with mixing of three massive neutrinos and a neutrino mass hierarchy ($ m_1 << m_2 << m_3 $). In this model, oscillations of the terrestrial neutrinos are characterized by three parameters, $ \Delta m^2 = m_3^2 - m_1^2 $ and the squared moduli of the two mixing matrix elements $U_{e3}$ and $U_{\mu3}$. Using the results of disappearance experiments and solar neutrino experiments, it is shown that only two regions of possible values of $|U_{e3}|^2$ and $|U_{\mu3}|^2$ are allowed: I. $|U_{e3}|^2$ and $|U_{\mu3}|^2$ are both small and II. $|U_{e3}|^2$ is small and $|U_{\mu3}|^2$ is large. If the mixing parameters are in the region I, $ \nu_\mu<-> \nu_e $ oscillations are suppressed. In this case the LSND indication in favor of $ \nu_\mu<-> \nu_e $ oscillations is not compatible with the negative results of all other experiments. If the mixing parameters are in the region II, $ \nu_e <-> \nu_\tau$ oscillations are strongly suppressed. If massive neutrinos are Majorana particles, our analysis shows that neutrinoless double-beta decay could be observed in the experiments of the next generation only if the mixing parameters are in the region I. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Neutrino_oscillation, 1.00, 2), (Neutrino, 1.00, 1), (Double_beta_decay, 1.00, 2), (Majorana_fermion, 0.99, 1), (Standard_Model, 0.94, 1), (LSND, 0.82, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.71, 1), (Sun, 0.58, -2) | |
| === 113 === ArticleID: 0MZNL4VIRB0TAFRH SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Isospin transport in 84Kr+112,124Sn reactions at Fermi energies | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1309.1590 | |
| TAGS: [u'Nuclear Experiment'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Isospin transport phenomena in dissipative heavy ion collisions have been investigated at Fermi energies with a beam of 84 Kr at 35 AMeV. A comparison of the <N>/Z of light and medium products forward-emitted in the centre of mass frame when the beam impinges on a n-poor 112 Sn and a n-rich 124 Sn targets is presented. Data were collected by means of a three-layer telescope with very good performances in terms of mass identification (full isotopic resolution up to Z about 20 for ions punching through the first detector layer) built by the FAZIA Collaboration and located just beyond the grazing angle for both reactions. The <N>/Z of the decay products emitted when the n-rich target is used is always higher than that associated to the n-poor one. Since the detector was able to measure only fragments coming from the QuasiProjectile decay and/or neck emission, the observed behaviour can be ascribed to the isospin diffusion, driven by the isospin gradient between QuasiProjectile and QuasiTarget. Moreover, for light fragments the <N>/Z as a function of the lab velocity of the fragment increases when we move from the QuasiProjectile velocity to the centre of mass (neck zone). This effect can be interpreted as an evidence of isospin drift driven by the density gradient between the QuasiProjectile zone (at normal density) and the more diluted neck zone. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Heavy_ion, 1.00, 2), (Decay_product, 1.00, 1), (Isospin, 1.00, 1), (Angle_of_incidence, 1.00, 1), (Density_gradient, 1.00, 1), (Diffusion, 1.00, 1), (Transport_phenomena, 0.99, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.92, 1), (Mass, 0.88, 1), (FAZIA_Collaboration, 0.87, 1), (Nuclear_physics, 0.83, 2), (Electron, 0.82, 1), (Special_relativity, 0.76, 1), (Uranium, 0.72, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.70, 1), (Classical_mechanics, 0.69, 1) | |
| === 114 === ArticleID: RLFVEPMK4GEV3WPK SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Detection of relic gravitational waves in the CMB: Prospects for CMBPol mission | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1102.4908 | |
| TAGS: [u'Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics', u'General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology', u'High Energy Physics - Phenomenology', u'High Energy Physics - Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Detection of relic gravitational waves, through their imprint in the cosmic microwave background radiation, is one of the most important tasks for the planned CMBPol mission. In the simplest viable theoretical models the gravitational wave background is characterized by two parameters, the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ and the tensor spectral index $n_t$. In this paper, we analyze the potential joint constraints on these two parameters, $r$ and $n_t$, using the potential observations of the CMBPol mission, which is expected to detect the relic gravitational waves if $r\gtrsim0.001$. The influence of the contaminations, including cosmic weak lensing, various foreground emissions, and systematical errors, is discussed. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Quantum_cosmology, 1.00, 1), (Cosmic_microwave_background, 1.00, 1), (Gravitational_wave, 1.00, 2), (General_relativity, 1.00, 1), (Physical_cosmology, 0.91, 1), (Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation, 0.89, 1), (Physics, 0.88, 1), (Universe, 0.77, 1), (Nongalactic_Astrophysics, 0.75, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.60, 1), (Big_Bang, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 115 === ArticleID: RARAXNPM5LNETJK8 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: The long-term spectroscopic misadventures of AG Dra with a nod toward V407 Cyg: Degenerates behaving badly | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.5397 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena', u'Solar and Stellar Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We present some results of an ongoing study of the long-term spectroscopic variations of AG Dra, a prototypical eruptive symbiotic system. We discuss the effects of the environment and orbital modulation in this system and some of the physical processes revealed by a comparison with the nova outburst of the symbiotic-like recurrent nova V 407 Cyg 2010. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Nova, 1.00, 1), (Symbiosis, 1.00, 1), (AG_Dra, 0.98, 1), (Physics, 0.96, 1), (Spectroscopy, 0.96, 2), (Modulation, 0.95, 1), (D-Generation_X, 0.94, -2), (Time, 0.84, 1), (Ecology, 0.81, 1), (Energy, 0.81, 1), (Astronomy, 0.76, 1), (Matter, 0.75, 1), (Stellar_Astrophysics, 0.71, 1), (Celestial_mechanics, 0.70, 1), (Interstellar_medium, 0.66, 1) | |
| === 116 === ArticleID: WHPX9EZ1YPUDPU97 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: T-Duality, Dual Conformal Symmetry and Integrability for Strings on AdS_5 x S^5 | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0903.0609 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: In recent years two intriguing observations have been made for N=4 super Yang-Mills theory and for superstrings on AdS 5xS 5: In the planar limit the computation of the spectrum is vastly simplified by the apparent integrability of the models. Furthermore, planar scattering amplitudes of the gauge theory display remarkable features which have been attributed to the appearance of a dual superconformal symmetry. Here we review the connection of these two developments from the point of view of the classical symmetry by means of a super-T-self-duality. In particular, we show explicitly how the charges of conformal symmetry and of the integrable structure are related to the dual ones. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Yang–Mills_theory, 1.00, 1), (N_expansion, 1.00, 1), (T-duality, 1.00, 1), (Conformal_symmetry, 1.00, 1), (String_theory, 0.97, 2), (Superstring_theory, 0.87, 1), (Symmetry, 0.87, 1), (Scattering_amplitude, 0.78, 1), (Standard_Model, 0.71, 1), (Quantum_chromodynamics, 0.67, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.60, 1), (Group_(mathematics), 0.59, 1), (Gauge_theories, 0.57, 1) | |
| === 117 === ArticleID: CHIIO5WYP6FW5NA7 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Dietary Arsenic Exposure in Bangladesh | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc1892146/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Bangladesh', u'arsenic', u'dose', u'duplicate diet', u'food', u'intake', u'water'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p>Millions of people in Bangladesh are at risk of chronic arsenic toxicity from drinking contaminated groundwater, but little is known about diet as an additional source of As exposure.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>We employed a duplicate diet survey to quantify daily As intake in 47 women residing in Pabna, Bangladesh. All samples were analyzed for total As, and a subset of 35 samples were measured for inorganic arsenic (iAs) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry equipped with a dynamic reaction cell.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Median daily total As intake was 48 μg As/day [interquartile range (IQR), 33–67) from food and 4 μg As/day (IQR, 2–152) from drinking water. On average, iAs comprised 82% of the total As detected in dietary samples. After adjusting for the estimated inorganic fraction, 34% [95% confidence interval (CI), 21–49%] of all participants exceeded the World Health Organization’s provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) of 2.1 μg As/kg-day. Two of the 33 women who used a well with < 50 μg As/L exceeded this recommendation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>When drinking water concentrations exceeded the Bangladesh drinking water standard of 50 μg As/L, ingested water was the dominant source of exposure. However, as drinking water As concentrations decrease, the relative contribution of dietary As sources becomes more important to ingested dose. The combined intake from both diet and drinking water can cause some individuals to exceed the PTDI in spite of using a tube well that contains < 50 μg As/L.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Arsenic_toxicity, 1.00, 2), (Inductively_coupled_plasma_mass_spectrometry, 1.00, 1), (Interquartile_range, 1.00, 1), (Tolerable_daily_intake, 1.00, 1), (Confidence_interval, 1.00, 1), (Arsenic, 1.00, 1), (Groundwater, 1.00, 1), (Bangladesh, 0.99, 2), (Water, 0.85, 1), (Mass_spectrometry, 0.84, 1), (Human, 0.68, 1), (World_Health_Organization, 0.67, 2), (Normal_distribution, 0.66, 1), (Nutrition, 0.64, 2) | |
| === 118 === ArticleID: QZHUTKEWLBCIQGO2 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Superfluidity as sequence of an ordering of zero-point oscillations | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1101.1229 | |
| TAGS: [u'General Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The phenomenon of superconductivity was explained as a consequence of ordering of zero-point oscillations. Superfluidity are related phenomenon. The consideration of interaction zero-point oscillations in liquid helium permit to obtain quantitative estimations of main characteristic of superfluid helium which are in a good agreement with measuring data. So both related phenomena, superconductivity and superfluidity, get explanation which is based on the same physical mechanism - they both are consequences of the ordering of zero-point oscillations. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Liquid_helium, 1.00, 2), (Superconductivity, 1.00, 1), (Superfluid, 0.96, 2), (Helium, 0.91, 1), (Condensed_matter_physics, 0.91, 1), (Philosophical_terminology, 0.87, 0), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.82, 1), (Scientific_method, 0.77, 1) | |
| === 119 === ArticleID: 2Q90L6U6RQYMGA96 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Involvement of Autonomic Nervous System and its Relationship With Cranial and Cervical Spinal MRI Findings In Patients With Multiple Sclerosis | |
| URL: http://jns.dergisi.org/pdf/pdf_jns_515.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'Multiple sclerosis', u'autonomic nervous system', u'heart rate variability neuro imaging'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Background and Purpose: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can be accompanied by autonomic dysfunction which has an important impact on the disability. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of autonomic abnormalities in MS patients and controls using standard autonomic tests and heart rate variability. It was also aimed to seek any relationship between cranial and cervical spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings with autonomic tests and heart rate variability. Methods: Twenty-four (68.6%) relapsing-remitting, eleven (31.4%) secondary progressive MS patients and 21 age matched controls were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent standard autonomic function tests assessing parasympathetic (heart rate responses to Valsalva maneuver, deep breathing, and active change of posture) and sympathetic function (blood pressure responses to active change of posture) as well as heart rate variability analysis both for a 24-hour period and during tilt testing using Holter monitoring. To assess the relationship between autonomic abnormalities and MRI all the patients underwent cranial and cervical spinal MRI. Results: Our results showed that MS patients have decreased heart rate variability and diminished parasympathetic component of autonomic nervous system compared to controls. No significant association has been found between autonomic impairment in MS and the type and duration of the disease. There has been no significant relationship between MRI findings and autonomic involvement in MS. Conclusion: MS patients have autonomic dysregulation against parasympathetic component, a condition which has no significant relationship with cranial and cervical spinal MRI findings. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Multiple_sclerosis, 1.00, 2), (Heart_rate_variability, 1.00, 1), (Autonomic_nervous_system, 1.00, 2), (Holter_monitor, 1.00, 1), (Valsalva_maneuver, 1.00, 1), (Magnetic_resonance_imaging, 1.00, 2), (Heart_rate, 1.00, 1), (Disability, 1.00, 1), (Parasympathetic_nervous_system, 0.99, 1), (Brain, 0.97, 1), (Cervical_Spinal_MRI_Findings_In_Patients_With_Multiple_Sclerosis, 0.92, 1), (Sympathetic_nervous_system, 0.90, 1), (Dysautonomia, 0.72, 1), (Nervous_system, 0.68, 1), (MRI, 0.65, 1) | |
| === 120 === ArticleID: QE01C7ZK4UXBF7OH SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Polarized top decay into polarized W: t(up)->W(up) + b at O(alpha_s) | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9811482 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Phenomenology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We consider the decay of a polarized top quark into a polarized W-boson plus a bottom quark, followed by the decay of the W-boson into a pair of leptons or quarks. The polar angle distribution of the top spin relative to the W-momentum and the polar angle distribution of the lepton (or quark) in the W-rest frame is governed by three polarized and three unpolarized rate functions which are related to the double density matrix elements of the decay $t \to W^+ + b$. We obtain analytical expressions for the $O(\alpha_s)$ radiative corrections to the three polarized and three unpolarized rate functions. We also provide a comprehensive discussion of the dependence of the longitudinal, transverse and normal polarization of the top quarks produced at $e^+e^-$-colliders on beam polarization parameters. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Rate_function, 1.00, 1), (Double_density, 1.00, 1), (Quark, 1.00, 2), (Lepton, 1.00, 1), (W_and_Z_bosons, 1.00, 1), (Top_quark, 1.00, 1), (Bottom_quark, 1.00, 1), (Standard_Model, 0.97, 1), (Renormalization, 0.95, 1), (Elementary_particle, 0.69, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.68, 1), (Electron, 0.67, 1), (Weak_interaction, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 121 === ArticleID: SBAHPGAW8F9LJX81 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Powerful Haplotype-Based Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Tests for Tightly Linked Loci | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3805574/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Recently, there have been many case-control studies proposed to test for association between haplotypes and disease, which require the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) assumption of haplotype frequencies. As such, haplotype inference of unphased genotypes and development of haplotype-based HWE tests are crucial prior to fine mapping. The goodness-of-fit test is a frequently-used method to test for HWE for multiple tightly-linked loci. However, its degrees of freedom dramatically increase with the increase of the number of loci, which may lack the test power. Therefore, in this paper, to improve the test power for haplotype-based HWE, we first write out two likelihood functions of the observed data based on the Niu's model (NM) and inbreeding model (IM), respectively, which can cause the departure from HWE. Then, we use two expectation-maximization algorithms and one expectation-conditional-maximization algorithm to estimate the model parameters under the HWE, IM and NM models, respectively. Finally, we propose the likelihood ratio tests LRT<inline-formula><inline-graphic ns0:href="pone.0077399.e001.jpg" /></inline-formula> and LRT<inline-formula><inline-graphic ns0:href="pone.0077399.e002.jpg" /></inline-formula> for haplotype-based HWE under the NM and IM models, respectively. We simulate the HWE, Niu's, inbreeding and population stratification models to assess the validity and compare the performance of these two LRT tests. The simulation results show that both of the tests control the type I error rates well in testing for haplotype-based HWE. If the NM model is true, then LRT<inline-formula><inline-graphic ns0:href="pone.0077399.e003.jpg" /></inline-formula> is more powerful. While, if the true model is the IM model, then LRT<inline-formula><inline-graphic ns0:href="pone.0077399.e004.jpg" /></inline-formula> has better performance in power. Under the population stratification model, LRT<inline-formula><inline-graphic ns0:href="pone.0077399.e005.jpg" /></inline-formula> is still more powerful. To this end, LRT<inline-formula><inline-graphic ns0:href="pone.0077399.e006.jpg" /></inline-formula> is generally recommended. Application of the proposed methods to a rheumatoid arthritis data set further illustrates their utility for real data analysis.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Case-control_study, 1.00, 1), (Likelihood-ratio_test, 1.00, 1), (Haplotype, 1.00, 1), (Hardy–Weinberg_principle, 1.00, 2), (Expectation–maximization_algorithm, 1.00, 1), (Population_stratification, 1.00, 1), (Rheumatoid_arthritis, 1.00, 1), (Algorithm, 1.00, 1), (Tests, 1.00, 1), (Population_genetics, 0.95, 1), (Classical_genetics, 0.80, 2), (HWE, 0.78, 1), (Statistics, 0.69, 1), (Goodness-of-fit, 0.56, 1) | |
| === 122 === ArticleID: FOAZT1GS9NYH652J SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: MODELING OF THE EMULSION STABILITY USING FRACTAL DIMENSIONS | |
| URL: http://www.ache.org.rs/ciceq/2008/no3/01_14%283%29_2008.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'emulsions', u'fractals', u'model', u'stability'] | |
| ABSTRACT: There are many developed strategies in the emulsion stability evaluation, for purpose of determining the life circle of emulsions. Most of them are based on the reological properties of the emulsions. There are very few which relay on the direct emulsion observations. In this paper we present the developed method for the emulsion stability evaluation by the direct observation of optical properties. As the stability quantification measure we propose the fractal dimension approach. The method is based on the measure of the emulsion transmittance properties, which are directly dependent on the emulsion stability at the moment of measurement. As the test emulsion the oil in the water emulsion was used. The system is classified as the stable emulsion and our intention was to find the moment when the emulsion starts to break. The emulsion transmittance properties were measured using an acquisition system, consisting of a CCD camera and a fast PC configuration equipped with the capturing software. The fractal dimensions were determined by the so called box counting method. The experimental emulsions were measured continuously within the period of 1200 h, from the moment of the emulsion creation. The changes of fractal dimensions were observed which indicates that the emulsion changed its state and therefore the stability during the time. Three regions of the emulsion life circle were divided according to the fractal dimensions measurement, which can be connected with the stable, unstable, and meta-stable states of the emulsion life circle. In the end, the model of the emulsion behavior was developed for the purpose of quantifying the changes in the experimental emulsion. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Fractal_dimension, 1.00, 2), (Dispersion_stability, 1.00, 1), (Fractal, 1.00, 1), (Emulsion, 0.99, 2), (Observation, 0.98, 1), (Scientific_method, 0.87, 1), (Measurement, 0.84, 1), (Test_method, 0.78, 1), (Optics, 0.72, 1), (Phase_(matter), 0.55, 1) | |
| === 123 === ArticleID: WEXEBQ639INT6Q7R SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Association of CYP7A1 -278A>C polymorphism and the response of plasma triglyceride after dietary intervention in dyslipidemic patients | |
| URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=s0100-879x2009000600003 | |
| TAGS: [u'Diet', u'Dyslipidemia', u'Polymorphisms', u'Southern Brazil'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We investigated the effect of the -278 A>C polymorphism in the CYP 7 A 1 gene on the response of plasma lipids to a reduced-fat diet for 6 to 8 weeks in a group of 82 dyslipidemic males with a mean age of 46.0 ± 11.7 years. Individuals who presented at least one high alteration in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglyceride values were considered to be dyslipidemic. Exclusion criteria were secondary dyslipidemia due to diabetes mellitus, renal, liver, or thyroid disease. None of the subjects were using lipid-lowering medication. Baseline and follow-up lipid concentrations were measured. The genotypes were determined by the digestion of PCR products with the BsaI restriction endonuclease. There were statistically significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations after dietary intervention. The minor allele C has a frequency of 43%. Carriers of the C allele had significantly lower triglyceride concentrations (P = 0.02) than AA homozygotes. After adjustment of covariates, subjects with the AC and CC genotypes showed a greater reduction in triglyceride concentrations compared to subjects with the AA genotype. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the AC and CC CYP 7 A 1 genotypes accounted for 5.2 and 6.2% of triglyceride concentration during follow-up and adjusted percent of change of triglyceride concentration, respectively. The present study provides evidence that -278 A>C polymorphism in the CYP 7 A 1 gene can modify triglyceride concentrations in response to a reduced fat diet in a dyslipidemic male population. This gene represents a potential locus for a nutrigenetic directed approach. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Zygosity, 1.00, 1), (Linear_regression, 1.00, 1), (Restriction_enzyme, 1.00, 1), (Dyslipidemia, 1.00, 2), (Low-density_lipoprotein, 1.00, 1), (South_Region,_Brazil, 1.00, 1), (CYP7A1, 1.00, 2), (Cholesterol, 1.00, 1), (Gene, 1.00, 1), (Lipid, 1.00, 1), (Triglyceride, 1.00, 1), (Polymorphism_(biology), 1.00, 1), (Plasma_(physics), 0.97, 1), (Regression_analysis, 0.95, 1), (Locus_(genetics), 0.95, 1), (Allele, 0.92, 2), (Genotype, 0.91, 1), (Nutrition, 0.82, 1), (Genetics, 0.81, 1), (Southern_Brazil, 0.70, 1), (Association_of_CYP7A1, 0.41, 1) | |
| === 124 === ArticleID: Q1FQEB3TIDF0E3PY SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Study of finite temperature QCD with 2+1 flavors via Taylor expansion and imaginary chemical potential | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1012.4694 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Lattice'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We study QCD with 2+1 flavors at nonzero temperature and nonzero chemical potential. We present preliminary results obtained from lattice calculations performed with an improved staggered fermions action (p4-action) on lattice with temporal extent N_t = 4 on a line of constant physics with the strange quark mass adjusted to its physical value and a pion mass of about 220 MeV. We compute at imaginary chemical potential and compare with Taylor expansion results. We focus our study on a range of temperatures 0.94 < T/T_c < 1.08. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Pion, 1.00, 1), (Strange_quark, 1.00, 1), (QCD, 1.00, 2), (Fermion, 1.00, 1), (Chemical_potential, 1.00, 1), (Taylor_series, 1.00, 2), (Physics, 1.00, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.99, 1), (Matter, 0.98, 1), (Quark, 0.95, 1), (Energy, 0.95, 1), (Taylor, 0.83, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.79, 1), (Subatomic_particle, 0.70, 1), (Quantum_chromodynamics, 0.70, 1) | |
| === 125 === ArticleID: ZV642UGUR2V0P8WN SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: String Quantization and the Shuffle Hopf Algebra | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1103.0974 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Theory', u'Non-associative rings', u'Quantum Algebra', u'Quantum theory', u'non-associative algebras'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The Poisson algebra $\mathfrak h$ of invariants of the Nambu-Goto string, which was first introduced by K. Pohlmeyer in 1982, is described using the Shuffle Hopf algebra. In particular, an underlying auxiliary Lie algebra is reformulated in terms of the image of the first Eulerian idempotent of the Shuffle Hopf algebra. This facilitates the comparison of different approaches to the quantization of $\mathfrak h$. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Hopf_algebra, 1.00, 1), (Algebra, 1.00, 1), (Idempotence, 0.99, 1), (Algebra_over_a_field, 0.96, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.96, 1), (Physics, 0.85, 1), (Associative_algebra, 0.80, 1), (K._Pohlmeyer, 0.75, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.68, 1), (Quantum_field_theory, 0.64, 1), (String_theory, 0.57, 2) | |
| === 126 === ArticleID: TFYWXDBRLVWMPWMB SCORE: 1! | |
| TITLE: s+d pairing in orthorhombic phase of copper-oxides | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0001401 | |
| TAGS: [u'Condensed Matter'] | |
| ABSTRACT: A microscopical theory of electronic spectrum and superconductivity is formulated within the two-dimensional anisotropic t-J model with t_{x}\neq t_{y} and J_{x}\neq J_{y}. Renormalization of electronic spectrum and superconductivity mediated by spin-fluctuations are investigated within the Eliashberg equation in the weak coupling approximation. The gap function has d+s symmetry with the extended s-wave component being proportional to the asymmetry t_{y} - t_{x}. Some experimental consequences of the obtained results are discussed. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Orthorhombic, 1.00, 1), (Superconductivity, 1.00, 1), (Anisotropy, 0.99, 1), (Physics, 0.92, 1), (Standard_Model, 0.87, 1), (Asymmetry, 0.76, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.71, 1), (Vector_space, 0.71, 1), (1980s_music_groups, 0.70, -2), (Object-oriented_programming, 0.68, -2), (Quantum_field_theory, 0.66, 1) | |
| === 127 === ArticleID: NG74RE75RIHEGZ8G SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Local correlations of different eigenfunctions in a disordered wire | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0604631 | |
| TAGS: [u'Disordered Systems and Neural Networks', u'Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We calculate the correlator of the local density of states <\rho_{E}(r_1)\rho_{E+\omega}(r_2)> in quasi-one-dimensional disordered wires in a magnetic field, assuming that |r_1-r_2| is much smaller than the localization length. This amounts to finding the zero mode of the transfer-matrix Hamiltonian for the supersymmetric sigma-model, which is done exactly by the mapping to the three-dimensional Coulomb problem. Both the regimes of level repulsion and level attraction are obtained, depending on |r_1-r_2|. We demonstrate that the correlations of different eigenfunctions in the quasi-one-dimensional and strictly one-dimensional cases are dissimilar. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Supersymmetry, 0.96, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.95, 1), (Nanoscale_Physics, 0.89, 1), (Neural_Networks, 0.89, 1), (Wire_(disambiguation), 0.75, 1), (Hamiltonian_(quantum_mechanics), 0.73, 1), (Magnetic_field, 0.71, 2), (Electric_current, 0.64, 1), (Mathematics, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 128 === ArticleID: S9BOFJU48CXBYYEL SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Fully symmetrized valence-bond based technique for solving exchange Hamiltonians of molecular magnets | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0804.1319 | |
| TAGS: [u'Chemical Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Generally, the first step in modeling molecular magnets involves obtaining the low-lying eigenstates of a Heisenberg exchange Hamiltonian which conserves total spin and belongs usually to a non-Abelian point group. In quantum chemistry, it has been a long standing problem to target a state which has definite total spin and also belongs to a definite irreducible representation of the point group. Many attempts have been made over years, but unfortunately these have not resulted in methods that are easy to implement, or even applicable to all point groups. Here we present a general technique which is a hybrid method based on VB basis and constant Ms basis, which is applicable to all types of point groups, easy to implement on computer. We illustrate the power of the method by applying it to the molecular magnetic system, Cu6 Fe8, with cubic symmetry. We emphasize that our method is applicable to spin clusters with arbitrary site spins and is easily extended to Fermionic systems. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Hamiltonians, 0.96, 2), (Irreducible_representation, 0.95, 1), (Group_(mathematics), 0.95, 1), (Werner_Heisenberg, 0.94, 1), (Symmetry, 0.92, 1), (Hamiltonian_(quantum_mechanics), 0.92, 1), (Hybrid_(biology), 0.88, 1), (Chemistry, 0.86, 1), (Point_group, 0.84, 1), (Single-molecule_magnet, 0.81, 2), (Physics, 0.75, 1), (Gauge_theory, 0.72, 1), (Group_theory, 0.70, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.68, 1), (Quantum_chemistry, 0.59, 1), (Point_groups_in_three_dimensions, 0.58, 1), (Computational_chemistry, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 129 === ArticleID: YTAIS9ODVEKTXM0X SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Dynamic evolution of megasatellites in yeasts | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2919712/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Megasatellites are a new family of long tandem repeats, recently discovered in the yeast <italic>Candida glabrata</italic>. Compared to shorter tandem repeats, such as minisatellites, megasatellite motifs range in size from 135 to more than 300 bp, and allow calculation of evolutionary distances between individual motifs. Using divergence based on nucleotide substitutions among similar motifs, we determined the smallest distance between two motifs, allowing their subsequent clustering. Motifs belonging to the same cluster are recurrently found in different megasatellites located on different chromosomes, showing transfer of genetic information between megasatellites. In comparison, evolution of the few similar tandem repeats in <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic> FLO genes mainly involves subtelomeric homologous recombination. We estimated selective constraints acting on megasatellite motifs and their host genes, and found that motifs are under strong purifying selection. Surprisingly, motifs inserted within pseudogenes are also under purifying selection, whereas the pseudogenes themselves evolve neutrally. We propose that megasatellite motifs propagate by a combination of three different molecular mechanisms: (i) gene duplication, (ii) ectopic homologous recombination and (iii) transfer of motifs from one megasatellite to another one. These mechanisms actively cooperate to create new megasatellites, that may play an important role in the adaptation of <italic>Candida glabrata</italic> to its human host.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Candida_glabrata, 1.00, 1), (Gene_duplication, 1.00, 1), (Saccharomyces_cerevisiae, 1.00, 2), (Evolution, 1.00, 2), (Yeast, 0.99, 1), (Tandem_repeat, 0.98, 1), (Nucleotide, 0.97, 1), (DNA, 0.97, 1), (Natural_selection, 0.97, 1), (Gene, 0.96, 1), (Megasatellites, 0.92, 2), (Homologous_recombination, 0.90, 1), (Pseudogene, 0.80, 1), (Genetics, 0.79, 1) | |
| === 130 === ArticleID: W0TIJ088YATP8DR4 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Controlling and enhancing terahertz collective electron dynamics in superlattices by chaos-assisted miniband transport | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0905.3717 | |
| TAGS: [u'Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics', u'Other Condensed Matter'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We show that a tilted magnetic field transforms the structure and THz dynamics of charge domains in a biased semiconductor superlattice. At critical field values, strong coupling between the Bloch and cyclotron motion of a miniband electron triggers chaotic delocalization of the electron orbits, causing strong resonant enhancement of their drift velocity. This dramatically affects the collective electron behavior by inducing multiple propagating charge domains and GHz-THz current oscillations with frequencies ten times higher than with no tilted field. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Drift_velocity, 1.00, 1), (Superlattice, 1.00, 2), (Delocalized_electron, 1.00, 1), (Cyclotron, 1.00, 1), (Electron, 1.00, 1), (Hertz, 0.87, 1), (Condensed_matter_physics, 0.85, 1), (Bloch, 0.84, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.81, 1), (Electric_current, 0.65, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.63, 1) | |
| === 131 === ArticleID: KQT0VMLKS80Y388X SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: ‘The catalogues of the Orchard Gallery: a contribution to critical and historical discourses in Northern Ireland, 1978-2003’ | |
| URL: http://arthistoriography.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/gee.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'Derry', u'Orchard Gery', u'ekphrasis', u'iconology', u'identity', u'the Troubles'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The Orchard Gallery opened in Derry in 1978. It was set up by Derry City Council, which appointed a then young artist and art teacher, Declan McGonagle, as its first exhibition director. In 1979-80, D. McGonagle convinced the council that the money it wanted to allocate to acquire works and establish a collection should be used to commission artists and art critics to produce artists’ books and publications. The artistic programme of the Orchard gallery aimed to exhibit a wide range of artists including external artists of international reputation who were asked to produce works specifically for the gallery. The additional publishing material furthered the representation of ‘the gallery’s ethos, which was about the place, and the interaction and the relationship between the artist who comes from outside and the place’. Till its closure in 2003, and under the direction in the 1990s successively of Noreen O Hare, Liam Kelly and Brendan McMenamin, the gallery maintained a high profile publishing policy, collecting in prints artists’ ideas as well as critical discourses commissioned from a wide range of critics, artists and art historians. This paper focuses on the critical essays published by the Orchard Gallery, underlining both their role in explicating the aesthetic propositions they accompanied, and in providing a unique contribution to the critical assessment of the history of Northern Ireland as seen from the contemporary socio-political context of the Troubles. They addressed a large range of issues, such as the politics of representation, historical discourse and the visual arts, the role and use of language(s), conflicting identities, cultural transfers, and British and Irish art history. The analysis looks at the authors’ recurrent concern with the conditions of visual interpretation, the range of iconographical themes outlined by the texts, and ultimately the rallying attempt to reach a universal realm of significance, in order to sketch the powerful contributions of the Orchard Gallery’s catalogue to aesthetic discourses in Northern Ireland in the late 20th century. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Derry_City_Council, 1.00, 1), (Iconology, 1.00, 1), (Artist's_book, 1.00, 1), (Ekphrasis, 1.00, 1), (Art_history, 1.00, 1), (Northern_Ireland, 0.99, 2), (Visual_arts, 0.99, 1), (Derry, 0.98, 1), (The_Orchard_(company), 0.96, -1), (County_Londonderry, 0.83, 1), (Orchard_Gallery, 0.83, 1), (Ireland, 0.79, 1), (Art, 0.78, 1), (The_Troubles, 0.77, 1), (Ship_commissioning, 0.76, -2), (Royal_Ulster_Constabulary, 0.73, 0), (Liam_Kelly_(Irish_republican), 0.67, 1) | |
| === 132 === ArticleID: 218163MOYC9X7AIV SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Correlated Fermions on a Checkerboard Lattice | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0607202 | |
| TAGS: [u'Strongly Correlated Electrons'] | |
| ABSTRACT: A model of strongly correlated spinless fermions hopping on a checkerboard lattice is mapped onto a quantum fully-packed loop model. We identify a large number of fluctuationless states specific to the fermionic case. We also show that for a class of fluctuating states, the fermionic sign problem can be gauged away. This claim is supported by numerically evaluating the energies of the low-lying states. Furthermore, we analyze in detail the excitations at the Rokhsar-Kivelson point of this model thereby using the relation to the height model and the single-mode approximation. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Fermion, 1.00, 2), (Strongly_correlated_material, 1.00, 2), (Standard_Model, 0.95, 1), (Electron, 0.93, 1), (Elementary_particle, 0.88, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.87, 1), (Matter, 0.83, 1), (Spin_(physics), 0.81, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.77, 1) | |
| === 133 === ArticleID: TTWPFMMYDGIK1CTJ SCORE: 0 | |
| TITLE: THE PRESENCE OF THE CLASS SCHEUZERIO-CARICETEA FUSCAE R. TX. 1937 IN THE ORIENTAL CARPATHIANS | |
| URL: http://www.bio.uaic.ro/publicatii/anale_vegetala/issue/2005/15-2005.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'bioforms', u'ecological indices', u'floristic elements', u'phytosociological associations'] | |
| ABSTRACT: In the Stânişoara Mountains (Oriental Carpathians) there are some plant communities that belong to the Association Carici flavae-Eriophoretum latifolii Soó 1944, Suballiance Caricemori gracilis (Neuhause. 1959) Oerd. et al. 1967, Alliance Caricion davallianae Klika 1944, Order Caricetalia davallianae Br.-Bl. 1949. The classification resulted from the analysis of five phytosociological relevees from different sampling sites from the left slopes of the Izvoru Muntelui-Bicaz Reservoir. The complete description of these plant communities also includes the analyses of the bioforms, floristic elements, and ecological indices. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Phytosociology, 0.99, 2), (TX., 0.94, -1) | |
| === 134 === ArticleID: HLL1KZA56IWM6YBT SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: A Markov-Based Packet Dropout Model for UAV Wireless Communications | |
| URL: http://ojs.academypublisher.com/index.php/jcm/article/view/7110 | |
| TAGS: [u'Markov chain', u'Ricean fading', u'UAV', u'ad hoc networking', u'channel modeling', u'wireless networks'] | |
| ABSTRACT: In this paper, we study the problem of modeling packet dropout for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wireless communications. A Markov model is proposed, which incorporates the effects of Ricean fading. Unlike the classic Markov channel models, the proposed model is a two-state hidden Markov model with each state being associated with a time-varying packet error rate. The model is able to capture the non-stationary packet dropout characteristics of wireless channels. Intuitively, we use the time-varying packet error rate associated with the channels to describe the non-stationary nature of the packet dropouts, and the two-state Markov model to capture the correlation of the packet dropouts. A closed-form solution is provided for estimating the model parameters from network packet traces. Computer simulations and analysis are carried out to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed model. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Markov_chain, 1.00, 2), (Hidden_Markov_model, 1.00, 1), (Unmanned_aerial_vehicle, 1.00, 2), (List_of_WLAN_channels, 0.98, 1), (Wireless_communications, 0.94, 2), (Model, 0.94, 1), (Computer_graphics, 0.91, 1), (Wireless_ad_hoc_network, 0.77, 1), (Unmanned_aircraft_system, 0.73, 1), (Amateur_radio, 0.72, -2), (Radio-controlled_aircraft, 0.71, 1), (Computer_network, 0.67, 1), (Helicopter, 0.65, 1) | |
| === 135 === ArticleID: WLU3UR6A01X211J3 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Bulk Metallic Glasses Deform via Slip Avalanches | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.6179 | |
| TAGS: [u'Geophysics', u'Soft Condensed Matter'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Inelastic deformation of metallic glasses occurs via slip events with avalanche dynamics similar to those of earthquakes. For the first time in these materials, measurements have been obtained with sufficiently high temporal resolution to extract both the exponents and the scaling functions that describe the nature, statistics and dynamics of the slips according to a simple mean-field model. These slips originate from localized deformation in shear bands. The mean-field model describes the slip process as an avalanche of rearrangements of atoms in shear transformation zones (STZs). Small slips show the predicted power-law scaling and correspond to limited propagation of a shear front, while large slips are associated with uniform shear on unconstrained shear bands. The agreement between the model and data across multiple independent measures of slip statistics and dynamics provides compelling evidence for slip avalanches of STZs as the elementary mechanism of inhomogeneous deformation in metallic glasses. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Amorphous_metal, 1.00, 2), (Wavelet, 1.00, 1), (Shear_mapping, 1.00, 1), (Atom, 1.00, 1), (Matter, 0.99, 1), (Physics, 0.93, 1), (Slip_Avalanches, 0.92, 2), (Metal, 0.88, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.71, 1), (Elementary_particle, 0.69, 1), (Functions_and_mappings, 0.65, 1), (Power_law, 0.63, 1), (Condensed_matter_physics, 0.62, 1) | |
| === 136 === ArticleID: JH7MA3M0KFZD1PJZ SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Gap Balancing vs. Measured Resection Technique in Total Knee Arthroplasty | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3942594/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Gap balancing', u'Measured resection', u'Total knee arthroplasty technique'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>A goal of total knee arthroplasty is to obtain symmetric and balanced flexion and extension gaps. Controversy exists regarding the best surgical technique to utilize to obtain gap balance. Some favor the use of a measured resection technique in which bone landmarks, such as the transepicondylar, the anterior-posterior, or the posterior condylar axes are used to determine proper femoral component rotation and subsequent gap balance. Others favor a gap balancing technique in which the femoral component is positioned parallel to the resected proximal tibia with each collateral ligament equally tensioned to obtain a rectangular flexion gap. Two scientific studies have been performed comparing the two surgical techniques. The first utilized computer navigation and demonstrated a balanced and rectangular flexion gap was obtained much more frequently with use of a gap balanced technique. The second utilized in vivo video fluoroscopy and demonstrated a much high incidence of femoral condylar lift-off (instability) when a measured resection technique was used. In summary, the authors believe gap balancing techniques provide superior gap balance and function following total knee arthroplasty.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Knee_replacement, 1.00, 2), (Fluoroscopy, 1.00, 1), (Tibia, 0.98, 1), (Knee, 0.97, 1), (Extension_(kinesiology), 0.79, 1), (Sartorius_muscle, 0.76, 1), (Video_In_Video_Out, 0.70, -2), (Osteoarthritis, 0.70, 1), (Flexion, 0.65, 1), (Joint, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 137 === ArticleID: UQNRY3MDVFV5MDGE SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Modern success in channeling study and applications at the U-70 accelerator of IHEP | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.3580 | |
| TAGS: [u'Accelerator Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The article presents an overview of the results obtained at U-70 accelerator of IHEP to use bent crystals for beam control of high energy protons. Considerable attention is paid to practical application of crystals to create new modes of beam extraction from the accelerator to ensure experiments on high energy physics. It was shown that with the crystal deflectors the efficiency reached 90% with intensity up to 10^12 protons per cycle of U-70. The results of experiments on the use of crystals to enhance the effectiveness of the absorption of the unused beam, as well as the use of crystals for collimation of beam halo are presented. Perspectives to use of bent crystals to extract low energy light ions from U-70 are also discussed. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Particle_physics, 1.00, 1), (Accelerator_physics, 1.00, 2), (Proton, 1.00, 1), (IHEP, 0.95, 1), (Chemistry, 0.92, 1), (Light, 0.84, 1), (Physics, 0.79, 1), (Matter, 0.75, 1), (Photon, 0.70, 1), (Optics, 0.60, 1), (Electron, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 138 === ArticleID: NMWY3OWRMELS0GLW SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Sirenomelia: a case report with literature review | |
| URL: http://www.scopemed.org/fulltextpdf.php?mno=37463 | |
| TAGS: [u'Caudal regression syndrome', u'Mermaid syndrome', u'Sirenomelia'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We are presenting a case of Sirenomelia (Mermaid Syndrome), which is an extreme example of the caudal regression syndrome. It invariably presents with lower limb fusion, sacral and pelvic bony anomalies, absent external genitalia, imperforate anus, and renal agenesis or dysgenesis. There are approximately 300 cases reported in the literature, 15% of which are associated with twinning, most often monozygotic. The syndrome of caudal regression is thought to be the result of injury to the caudal mesoderm early in gestation. The case encountered was a stillborn baby. [Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2013; 2(3.000): 430-432] | |
| CONCEPTS: (Caudal_regression_syndrome, 1.00, 1), (Imperforate_anus, 1.00, 1), (Renal_agenesis, 1.00, 1), (Sex_organ, 1.00, 1), (Sirenomelia, 1.00, 2), (Stillbirth, 1.00, 2), (Gestation, 0.98, 1), (Mesoderm, 0.97, 1) | |
| === 139 === ArticleID: 2SBFSYZEETTOTSYT SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: The effect of transforming growth factor-β1 on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells: insensitive to cell growth but functional to TGF-β/Smad pathway | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2865451/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Objectives</title><p>This study explored the response of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to TGF-β1-induced growth suppression and investigated the roles of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE 2 were treated with TGF-β1. The growth responses of CNE 2 cells were analyzed by MTT assay. The mRNA expression and protein subcellular localization of the TGF-β/Smad signaling components in the CNE 2 were determined by real time RT-PCR and immunocytochemical analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>We found that the growth of CNE 2 cells was not suppressed by TGF-β1. The signaling proteins TβRII, Smad 7 were expressed normally, while Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 increased significantly at the mRNA level. TGF-β type II receptor and Smad7 had no change compared to the normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. In addition, Smad2 was phosphorylated to pSmad2, and the activated pSmad2 translocated into the nucleus from the cytoplasm, while the inhibitory Smad-Smad7 translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm after TGF-β1 stimulation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The results suggested that CNE 2 cells are not sensitive to growth suppression by TGF-β1, but the TGF-β/Smad signaling transduction is functional. Further work is needed to address a more detailed spectrum of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in CNE 2 cells.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Immunocytochemistry, 1.00, 1), (Nasopharynx_cancer, 1.00, 2), (MTT_assay, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (Phosphorylation, 1.00, 1), (Epithelium, 1.00, 1), (TGF-β1, 1.00, 1), (Nasopharyngeal_carcinoma, 0.96, 2), (SMAD_(protein), 0.95, 1), (Cell_(biology), 0.91, 1), (Cell_biology, 0.91, 1), (Cell_nucleus, 0.68, 1), (TGF_beta_receptor_2, 0.62, 1), (Gene_expression, 0.61, 1), (DNA, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 140 === ArticleID: PYK1N8SNUF7CCG0H SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: 實徵研究／Understanding Faculty Needs: A Case Study at the University of Toledo／Julia A. Martin | |
| URL: http://jlis.glis.ntnu.edu.tw/ojs/index.php/jlis/article/view/534 | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: The paper explores how faculty need and use the library. It reviewed literature on the roles of subject librarians and the advantages for faculty and libraries. It summarized key strategies for subject liaison librarians to develop relationships with faculty and the use of surveys to explore faculty needs. The paper also included a survey administered to the business, engineering, and education faculty at The University of Toledo in 2006-07 to help subject librarians better understand their clients. The University of Toledo survey focused on faculty perception of library collection development and library services, and examined faculty's research needs and their patterns of using library resources and services. 本文探討學科教授對圖書館的需求和使用。它對學科館員對提供專業學科服務的優勢和對圖書館服務所起的角色作用作了文獻探討，並概括了建立和院系教授聯繫的主要策略和使用問卷調查來瞭解他們的需求。本文包括2006-07年度對多麗都大學商學院、工程學院和教育學院教授的問卷調查，發現教授對資訊檢索和資訊處理的行為理念和使用圖書館的模式。問卷注重教授研究興趣和資訊搜尋策略與圖書館服務的關係，從而使學科館員更充分瞭解他們學術研究的需求。頁次：16-35 | |
| CONCEPTS: (Library_collection_development, 1.00, 2), (Engineering, 0.99, 1), (Psychology, 0.95, 1), (Library, 0.85, 1), (University_of_Toledo, 0.83, 1), (A._Martin, 0.74, 1), (Librarian, 0.72, 1), (Public_library, 0.68, 1), (Library_science, 0.66, 2), (The_University_of_Toledo, 0.63, 2), (Ohio, 0.61, 1), (University_of_Toledo／Julia, 0.61, 1), (School_library, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 141 === ArticleID: QUWIAMTAKV4BHTL3 SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: Making apparatus for demonstrating breathing mechanism and smoking process | |
| URL: http://www.ied.edu.hk/apfslt/v2_issue2/chanmt/abstract.htm | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: The idea of using pig lungs to demonstrate the breathing mechanism (inhalation and exhalation) and the effect of smoking on pig lungs in science lessons was originated from two secondary teachers, Mr. L. K. Wong and Ms K. K. Chung. To put the idea into practice, it needs a transparent box to see the breathing action of the pig lungs under partial vacuum. Based on Wong and Chung's idea, Mr. S. W. Mak of the Science Department, the Hong Kong Institute of Education, has designed and built the transparent box and other accessories that can withstand the partial vacuum to make the idea successful. The apparatus has been tried out in real classroom practices in many secondary schools in Hong Kong with favourable outcomes. This article and the video clips, taken by Mr. S. W. Mak and Mr. W. K. Kwan, show the materials and procedures for making the vacuum box and the accessories. The worksheets, designed by Mr. L. K. Wong and Ms. K. K. Chung, are also included to illustrate how the idea can be implemented in class. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Vacuum, 0.99, 1), (Smoking, 0.92, 2), (Secondary_education, 0.92, 2), (Mr._L._K._Wong, 0.81, 1), (Ms._K._K._Chung, 0.81, 1), (High_school, 0.76, 1), (Respiration, 0.75, 1), (Public_school_(government_funded), 0.72, 1), (Cantopop, 0.70, -2), (Wong_Kar-wai, 0.68, -2), (Cinema_of_Hong_Kong, 0.66, -2) | |
| === 142 === ArticleID: TSDXGOUX17JNLOSB SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Evaluation of E-Portfolio Software | |
| URL: http://online-journals.org/i-jet/article/view/831 | |
| TAGS: [u'e-portfolio', u'education', u'evaluation', u'higher', u'software'] | |
| ABSTRACT: E-Portfolios are a new type of software and it is still relatively vague to determine, which functions are obligatory – that is which functions constitute characteristic features – and which functions are just optional (“nice to have“). This article describes the concept and the preliminary results of a research project which was conducted to evaluate E-Portfolio software, and aims at providing decision guidance for implementing E-Portfolios in higher education - first and foremost from the pedagogical perspective. Which recommendations can be made to an institution which now wants to implement electronic portfolios with a certain objective? | |
| CONCEPTS: (Electronic_portfolio, 1.00, 2), (Education, 0.95, 1), (Higher_education, 0.95, 2), (Philosophy_of_language, 0.86, 0), (Cognition, 0.73, 1), (Programming_language, 0.69, -2), (Research, 0.67, 0) | |
| === 143 === ArticleID: LHTM96EYRQCUXBX7 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: ULTRACAM observations of SDSS J170213.26 + 322954.1 ��� an eclipsing cataclysmic variable in the period gap | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0607056 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We present high-speed, three-colour photometry of the eclipsing cataclysmic variable SDSS J 170213.26+322954.1 (hereafter SDSS J 1702+3229). This system has an orbital period of 2.4 hours, placing it within the "period gap" for cataclysmic variables. We determine the system parameters via a parameterized model of the eclipse fitted to the observed light curve by chi-squared minimization. We obtain a mass ratio of q = 0.215 +/- 0.015 and an orbital inclination i = 82.4 +- 0.4 degrees. The primary mass is M_w = 0.94 +/- 0.01 Msun. The secondary mass and radius are found to be Mr = 0.20 +/- 0.01 Msun and Rr = 0.243 +/- 0.013 Rsun respectively. We find a distance to the system of 440 +/- 30 pc, and an effective temperature for the secondary star of 3800 +/- 100 K (corresponding to a spectral type of M 0 +/- 0.5 V). Both the distance and effective temperature are consistent with previous values derived via spectroscopy of the red star. The secondary star is significantly less massive than expected for the orbital period, and significantly warmer than expected for its mass. This can be explained if the secondary star is significantly evolved: the mass and effective temperature are consistent with a secondary star that began mass transfer with a greatly reduced central hydrogen fraction. The nature of the secondary star in SDSS J 1702+3229 supports predictions that CVs with evolved secondary stars might be found accreting within the period gap. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Effective_temperature, 1.00, 1), (Orbital_period, 1.00, 1), (Light_curve, 1.00, 1), (Hydrogen, 1.00, 1), (Spectroscopy, 1.00, 1), (Red_star, 1.00, 1), (SDSS, 1.00, 1), (Stellar_classification, 0.99, 1), (Binary_star, 0.98, 1), (Photometry_(astronomy), 0.94, 1), (Star, 0.94, 1), (Sun, 0.93, 1), (Mass_transfer, 0.88, 1), (Orbit, 0.82, 1), (Celestial_mechanics, 0.81, 1), (Astrodynamics, 0.80, 1), (Planet, 0.78, 1) | |
| === 144 === ArticleID: 90SO45RGSK98Z658 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Zn-doping effect on the magnetotransport properties of Bi_{2}Sr_{2-x}La_{x}CuO_{6+\delta} single crystals | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0107047 | |
| TAGS: [u'Strongly Correlated Electrons', u'Superconductivity'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We report the magnetotransport properties of Bi_{2}Sr_{2-x}La_{x}Cu_{1-z}Zn_{z}O_{6+\delta} (Zn-doped BSLCO) single crystals with z of up to 2.2%. Besides the typical Zn-doping effects on the in-plane resistivity and the Hall angle, we demonstrate that the nature of the low-temperature normal state in the Zn-doped samples is significantly altered from that in the pristine samples under high magnetic fields. In particular, we observe nearly-isotropic negative magnetoresistance as well as an increase in the Hall coefficient at very low temperatures in non-superconducting Zn-doped samples, which we propose to be caused by the Kondo scattering from the local moments induced by Zn impurities. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Magnetoresistance, 1.00, 2), (Superconductivity, 1.00, 1), (Hall_effect, 1.00, 1), (CuO, 1.00, 1), (Strongly_correlated_material, 1.00, 1), (Scattering, 0.99, 1), (Magnetic_field, 0.98, 1), (Kondo, 0.93, 1), (Current_density, 0.68, 1), (Solid, 0.63, 1), (Electric_current, 0.61, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 145 === ArticleID: 0XXSZH1YKBVATV41 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: A Liouville comparison principle for sub- and super-solutions of the equation $w_t-\Delta_p (w) = |w|^{q-1}w$ | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.2496 | |
| TAGS: [u'Analysis of Partial Differential Equations'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We establish a Liouville comparison principle for entire weak sub- and super-solutions of the equation $(\ast)$ $w_t-\Delta_p (w) = |w|^{q-1}w$ in the half-space ${\mathbb S}= {\mathbb R}^1_+\times{\mathbb R}^n$, where $n\geq1$, $q>0$ and $ \Delta_p (w):={div}_x(|\nabla_x w|^{p-2}\nabla_x w)$, $1<p\leq2$. In our study we impose neither restrictions on the behaviour of entire weak sub- and super-solutions on the hyper-plane $t=0$, nor any growth conditions on their behaviour and on that of any of their partial derivatives at infinity. We prove that if $1<q\leq p-1+\frac pn$, and $u$ and $v$ are, respectively, an entire weak super-solution and an entire weak sub-solution of ($\ast$) in $\Bbb S$ which belong, only locally in $\Bbb S$, to the corresponding Sobolev space and are such that $u\geq v$, then $u\equiv v$. The result is sharp. As direct corollaries we obtain known Fujita-type and Liouville-type theorems. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Partial_derivative, 1.00, 1), (Joseph_Liouville, 0.98, 1), (Derivative, 0.98, 1), (Infinity, 0.98, 1), (Differential_equation, 0.97, 1), (Partial_differential_equation, 0.95, 2), (Equation, 0.78, 1), (Maxwell's_equations, 0.71, 1) | |
| === 146 === ArticleID: 71NRBCA4VOZBD1AQ SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Slotted Aloha for Networked Base Stations | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1401.6799 | |
| TAGS: [u'Information Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We study multiple base station, multi-access systems in which the user-base station adjacency is induced by geographical proximity. At each slot, each user transmits (is active) with a certain probability, independently of other users, and is heard by all base stations within the distance $r$. Both the users and base stations are placed uniformly at random over the (unit) area. We first consider a non-cooperative decoding where base stations work in isolation, but a user is decoded as soon as one of its nearby base stations reads a clean signal from it. We find the decoding probability and quantify the gains introduced by multiple base stations. Specifically, the peak throughput increases linearly with the number of base stations $m$ and is roughly $m/4$ larger than the throughput of a single-base station that uses standard slotted Aloha. Next, we propose a cooperative decoding, where the mutually close base stations inform each other whenever they decode a user inside their coverage overlap. At each base station, the messages received from the nearby stations help resolve collisions by the interference cancellation mechanism. Building from our exact formulas for the non-cooperative case, we provide a heuristic formula for the cooperative decoding probability that reflects well the actual performance. Finally, we demonstrate by simulation significant gains of cooperation with respect to the non-cooperative decoding. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Single_antenna_interference_cancellation, 1.00, 1), (ALOHAnet, 1.00, 1), (Information_theory, 1.00, 2), (Base_station, 0.99, 2), (Cooperative, 0.98, 1), (Decoder, 0.91, 1), (Heuristic, 0.91, 1), (Probability, 0.74, 1) | |
| === 147 === ArticleID: 2L5LBS8NFQHAZ0LT SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: Strategic influences on implementing instructions for future actions | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2694933/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Temporal and strategic factors that might influence the transformation of verbal task rules into functional stimulus–response associations were investigated in three experiments. In a dual task paradigm of the ABBA type participants were presented new S–R instructions for the A-task at the beginning of each trial. On varying proportions of trials No-go signals rendered the instructed A-task mappings irrelevant before instruction implementation was assessed during performance of an unrelated B-task. Our results indicate that participants refrain from implementing the mappings during instruction presentation when No-go signals appear frequently and late (Exp. 2), and that they can interrupt implementing instructed S–R mappings when frequent No-go signals appear early enough during implementation (Exp. 3). When No-go signals are rare and late, however (Exp. 1), the instructed stimulus features always activate their associated responses during performance of the embedded B-task in an automatic manner. Together, these findings suggest that participants strategically control whether or not they implement verbal instructions. Once implemented, however, instructed S–R associations influence behaviour even when the instructed mappings are no longer task relevant.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Implementation, 0.96, 1), (Instruction, 0.75, 2), (Instruction_set, 0.62, 1) | |
| === 148 === ArticleID: XCJSJHXLX7BC4J4G SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Survival of neonates in rural Southern Tanzania: does place of delivery or continuum of care matter? | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3384458/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p>The concept of <italic>continuum of care </italic>has recently been highlighted as a core principle of maternal, newborn and child health initiatives, and as a means to save lives. However, evidence has consistently revealed that access to care during and post delivery (intra and postpartum) remains a challenge in the <italic>continuum of care </italic>framework. In places where skilled delivery assistance is exclusively available in health facilities, access to health facilities is critical to the survival of the mother and her newborn. However, little is known about the association of place of delivery and survival of neonates. This paper uses longitudinal data generated in a Health and Demographic Surveillance System in rural Southern Tanzania to assess associations of neonatal mortality and place of delivery.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Three cohorts of singleton births (born 2005, 2006 and 2007) were each followed up from birth to 28 days. Place of birth was classified as either "health facility" or "community". Neonatal mortality rates were produced for each year and by place of birth. Poisson regression was used to estimate crude relative risks of neonatal death by place of birth. Adjusted ratios were derived by controlling for maternal age, birth order, maternal schooling, sex of the child and wealth status of the maternal household.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Neonatal mortality for health facility singleton deliveries in 2005 was 32.3 per 1000 live births while for those born in the community it was 29.7 per 1000 live births. In 2006, neonatal mortality rates were 28.9 and 26.9 per 1,000 live births for deliveries in health facilities and in the community respectively. In 2007 neonatal mortality rates were 33.2 and 27.0 per 1,000 live births for those born in health facilities and in the community respectively. Neonates born in a health facility had similar chances of dying as those born in the community in all the three years of study. Adjusted relative risks (ARR) for neonatal death born in a health facility in 2005, 2006 and 2007 were 0.99 (95%CI: 0.58 - 1.70), 0.98 (95%CI: 0.62 - 1.54) and 1.18 (95% CI: 0.76 - 1.85) respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>We found no evidence to suggest that delivery in health facilities was associated with better survival chances of the neonates.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Infant, 1.00, 2), (Perinatal_mortality, 1.00, 2), (Poisson_regression, 1.00, 1), (Tanzania, 1.00, 2), (Childbirth, 0.97, 1), (Southern_Tanzania, 0.95, 1), (Death, 0.85, 1), (Demography, 0.68, 1), (Infant_mortality, 0.64, 1) | |
| === 149 === ArticleID: MXYE5HBLQGGG6K47 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Mechanism of the mitogenic influence of hyperinsulinemia | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3125332/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Either endogenous or exogenous hyperinsulinemia in the setting of insulin resistance promotes phosphorylation and activation of farnesyltransferase, a ubiquitous enzyme that farnesylates Ras protein. Increased availability of farnesylated Ras at the plasma membrane enhances mitogenic responsiveness of cells to various growth factors, thus contributing to progression of cancer and atherosclerosis. This effect is specific to insulin, but is not related to the type of insulin used. Stimulatory effect of hyperinsulinemia on farnesyltransferase in the presence of insulin resistance represents one potential mechanism responsible for mitogenicity and atherogenicity of insulin.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Cell_membrane, 1.00, 1), (Atherosclerosis, 1.00, 1), (Ras_subfamily, 1.00, 1), (Insulin_resistance, 1.00, 2), (Farnesyltransferase, 1.00, 1), (Insulin, 1.00, 2), (Phosphorylation, 1.00, 1), (Cancer, 1.00, 1), (Endogeny, 0.98, 1), (Exogeny, 0.98, 1), (Signal_transduction, 0.97, 1), (Mitogen, 0.85, 1), (Hyperinsulinemia, 0.82, 2) | |
| === 150 === ArticleID: F62OGMITKCHEUJL9 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Global cardiovascular risk stratification among hypertensive patients treated in a Family Health Unit of Parnaíba, Piauí | |
| URL: http://www.unifor.br/images/pdfs/rbps/2012.3_artigo05.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'Cardiovascular Diseases', u'Family Health', u'Risk Factors'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Objective: To stratify the global cardiovascular risk among hypertensive patients attended in a Family Health Unit (FHU). Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study with population of hypertensive patients undergoing treatment in a FHU, module 34, in Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil, in the period from July to August 2011. The sample consisted of 45 volunteers, selected by free demand conglomerate, who filled a form with questions that support the analysis and Global Cardiovascular Risk stratification (GCR), according to the VI Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension (VI BGH - 2010), The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Society of Hypertension (ESH - 2007). The subjects were then submitted to measurement of blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). Results: The most evident risk factor in the sample was overweight/obesity in 75.5% (n=34), followed by sedentary lifestyle in 73.3% (n=33) and hypercholesterolemia in 55.5% (n=25). The data collected resulted in a stratification in which 84.4% (n=38) presented high added risk and 15.5% (n=7) a very high added risk of presenting cardiovascular events in the next 10 years. Conclusion: The stratification in the population studied indicated high incidence of such factors, pointing to the need of interfering in this population segment, in order to promote changes in lifestyle that generate prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Cardiovascular_disease, 1.00, 2), (Hypercholesterolemia, 1.00, 1), (Piauí, 1.00, 2), (Sedentary_lifestyle, 0.96, 1), (Myocardial_infarction, 0.96, 1), (Family_Health_Unit_of_Parnaíba, 0.92, 1), (Atherosclerosis, 0.92, 1), (Hypertension, 0.91, 1), (Family_Health_Unit, 0.90, 1), (European_Society_of_Hypertension, 0.84, 1), (Parnaíba, 0.80, 1), (Obesity, 0.78, 1), (Body_mass_index, 0.68, 1), (Epidemiology, 0.64, 1), (Conglomerate_(company), 0.64, -1), (Blood_pressure, 0.63, 1) | |
| === 151 === ArticleID: SES274NU68OB7UI9 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Dynamic interactions within sub-complexes of the H/ACA pseudouridylation guide RNP | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2094053/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>H/ACA RNP complexes change uridines to pseudouridines in target non-coding RNAs in eukaryotes and archaea. H/ACA RNPs are comprised of a guide RNA and four essential proteins: Cbf5 (pseudouridine synthase), L 7 Ae, Gar1 and Nop10 in archaea. The guide RNA captures the target RNA via two antisense elements brought together to form a contiguous binding site within the pseudouridylation pocket (internal loop) of the guide RNA. Cbf5 and L 7 Ae interact independently with the guide RNA, and here we have examined the impacts of these proteins on the RNA in nucleotide protection assays. The results indicate that the interactions observed in a fully assembled H/ACA RNP are established in the sub-complexes, but also reveal a unique Cbf5–guide RNA interaction that is displaced by L 7 Ae. In addition, the results indicate that L 7 Ae binding at the kink (k)-turn of the guide RNA induces the formation of the upper stem, and thus also the pseudouridylation pocket. Our findings indicate that L 7 Ae is essential for formation of the substrate RNA binding site in the archaeal H/ACA RNP, and suggest that k-turn-binding proteins may remodel partner RNAs with important effects distant from the protein-binding site.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Eukaryote, 1.00, 1), (Uridine, 1.00, 2), (Archaea, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (RNA, 1.00, 2), (Non-coding_RNA, 0.99, 2), (Nucleotide, 0.97, 1), (Enzyme_substrate_(biology), 0.89, 1), (Pseudouridylation, 0.78, 2), (DNA, 0.75, 1) | |
| === 152 === ArticleID: W7UKV86AF9BB7FHA SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Feedback on end-of-life care in dementia: the study protocol of the FOLlow-up project | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3751417/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Dementia', u'End-of-life care', u'Nursing home', u'Quality indicators', u'Quality of care', u'Satisfaction with care'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p>End-of-life care in dementia in nursing homes is often found to be suboptimal. The Feedback on End-of-Life care in dementia (FOLlow-up) project tests the effectiveness of audit- and feedback to improve the quality of end-of-life care in dementia.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods/Design</title><p>Nursing homes systematically invite the family after death of a resident with dementia to provide feedback using the End-of-Life in Dementia (EOLD) – instruments. Two audit- and feedback strategies are designed and tested in a three-armed Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT): a generic feedback strategy using cumulative EOLD-scores of a group of patients and a patient specific feedback strategy using EOLD-scores on a patient level. A total of 18 nursing homes, three groups of six homes matched on size, geographic location, religious affiliation and availability of a palliative care unit were randomly assigned to an intervention group or the control group. The effect on quality of care and quality of dying and the barriers and facilitators of audit- and feedback in the nursing home setting are evaluated using mixed-method analyses.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>The FOLlow-up project is the first study to assess and compare the effect of two audit- and feedback strategies to improve quality of care and quality of dying in dementia. The results contribute to the development of practice guidelines for nursing homes to monitor and improve care outcomes in the realm of end-of-life care in dementia.</p></sec><sec><title>Trial registration</title><p>The Netherlands National Trial Register (NTR). Trial number: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" ns0:href="http://www. trialregister. nl/trialreg/admin/rctview. asp?TC=3942">NTR 3942</ext-link></p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (End-of-life_(product), 1.00, -1), (Dementia, 1.00, 2), (Palliative_care, 1.00, 2), (Nursing_home, 0.88, 1), (End-of-life_care, 0.82, 1), (Randomized_controlled_trial, 0.78, 1), (Death, 0.72, 1), (Palliative_medicine, 0.59, 1), (Care_of_residents, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 153 === ArticleID: 4K2GQECTRRWAAEX3 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Amylolytic, lipolytic and proteolytic activity of Kocuria varians isolated from fermented African oil bean seed (Pentaclethra macrophylla) | |
| URL: http://sjournals.com/index.php/sjmi/article/view/608 | |
| TAGS: [u'African oil bean seed', u'Amylolytic', u'Fermentation', u'Kocuria', u'Lipolytic', u'proteolytic'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Kocuria/ Micrococcus species have been implicated as microbialpopulation of fermented African oil bean seed ‘ugba’, but has never beencharacterized and its role in the fermentation not known. In this study Kocuria varians was isolated fromfermented African oil bean seed. The organism could not utilize citrate and wascoagulase, methyl red and oxidase negative. It appeared as deep yellowcircular, entire, convex colonies without hemolytic reaction. The organism wasalkalophilic and moderately halophilic and could utilize a range of substratesas carbon source including soluble starch, bambara nut flour, palm, oil, oliveoil and gelatin. The K. varians isolateproduced extracellular amylase, lipase and protease when grown on variousmedia. Rate of production of these enzymes was dependent on the composition ofthe growth medium. Ability to produce proteolytic, lipolytic and amylolyticenzymes which are required to hydrolyze the major nutrients in African oil beanseed indicates that it could play a role in nutrient availability to thefermenting flora, or in aroma and flavor qualities of the fermented food. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Amylase, 1.00, 1), (Lipolysis, 1.00, 1), (Lipase, 1.00, 1), (Growth_medium, 1.00, 1), (Micrococcus, 1.00, 1), (Species, 1.00, 1), (Carbon, 1.00, 1), (Methyl_red, 1.00, 1), (Protease, 1.00, 1), (Gelatin, 0.99, 1), (Flour, 0.99, 1), (Starch, 0.98, 1), (Enzyme, 0.98, 1), (Hemolysis, 0.97, 1), (Citrate, 0.95, 1), (Hydrolysis, 0.94, 1), (Kocuria_varians, 0.92, 1), (Proteolysis, 0.85, 1), (Yeast, 0.81, 1), (Fermentation_(food), 0.77, 1), (Pentaclethra_macrophylla, 0.73, 1), (Fermented, 0.68, 1), (Bambara_people, 0.68, 1), (Bacteria, 0.66, 1), (Metabolism, 0.65, 1), (Plant, 0.62, 1) | |
| === 154 === ArticleID: 8QKU8KJNIHI1B3BY SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: Reconstruction and Estimation of Scattering Functions of Overspread Radar Targets | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1106.5346 | |
| TAGS: [u'Information Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: In many radar scenarios, the radar target or the medium is assumed to possess randomly varying parts. The properties of a target are described by a random process known as the spreading function. Its second order statistics under the WSSUS assumption are given by the scattering function. Recent developments in the operator identification theory suggest a channel sounding procedure that allows to determine the spreading function given complete statistical knowledge of the operator echo. We show that in a continuous model it is indeed theoretically possible to identify a scattering function of an overspread target given full statistics of a received echo from a single sounding by a custom weighted delta train. Our results apply whenever the scattering function is supported on a set of area less than one. Absent such complete statistics, we construct and analyze an estimator that can be used as a replacement of the averaged periodogram estimator in case of poor geometry of the support set of the scattering function. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Stochastic_process, 1.00, 1), (Periodogram, 1.00, 1), (Reconstruction_Era, 1.00, -2), (Information_theory, 1.00, 1), (Estimator, 0.99, 1), (Mathematics, 0.97, 1), (Overspread_Radar_Targets, 0.95, 2), (Function_(mathematics), 0.72, 1), (Order_statistics, 0.62, 1) | |
| === 155 === ArticleID: 3HHEOZ1SL45D9F3O SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: School Types, Facilities and Academic Performance of Students in Senior Secondary Schools in Ondo State, Nigeria | |
| URL: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/13894 | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: The study investigated the influence of school types and facilities on students’ academic performance in Ondo State. It was designed to find out whether facilities and students’ academic performance are related in private and public secondary schools respectively. Descriptive survey design was used. Proportionate random sampling technique was used to select 50 schools in Ondo state. Two set of research instruments named School Facility Descriptive and Students Academic Performance Questionnaire (SFDAPQ) for principals; and School Facility Descriptive Questionnaire (SFDQ) for the teachers were used for the study. T- test was used to analyze the data. All hypotheses were tested at a significant level of 0.05. The study revealed a significant difference in facilities available in public and private schools in Ondo State. It however revealed no significant difference in academic performance of students in the two types of secondary schools. Suggestions for the procurement of more facilities in public secondary schools were made in order to enhance students’ academic performance. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Ondo_State, 1.00, 1), (Nigeria, 1.00, 2), (College, 0.96, 1), (School_types, 0.82, 1), (Teacher, 0.79, 1), (High_school, 0.76, 1), (Senior_Secondary_Schools, 0.70, 1), (Grammar_school, 0.64, 1), (Statistical_significance, 0.63, 1), (Sampling_(statistics), 0.61, 1), (Education, 0.61, 2) | |
| === 156 === ArticleID: F3VAVN43JTVSJZB1 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Conidiation Color Mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus Are Highly Pathogenic to the Heterologous Insect Host Galleria mellonella | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2625396/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>The greater wax moth <italic>Galleria mellonella</italic> has been widely used as a heterologous host for a number of fungal pathogens including <italic>Candida albicans</italic> and <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans</italic>. A positive correlation in pathogenicity of these yeasts in this insect model and animal models has been observed. However, very few studies have evaluated the possibility of applying this heterologous insect model to investigate virulence traits of the filamentous fungal pathogen <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus</italic>, the leading cause of invasive aspergillosis. Here, we have examined the impact of mutations in genes involved in melanin biosynthesis on the pathogenicity of <italic>A. fumigatus</italic> in the <italic>G. mellonella</italic> model. Melanization in <italic>A. fumigatus</italic> confers bluish-grey color to conidia and is a known virulence factor in mammal models. Surprisingly, conidial color mutants in B 5233 background that have deletions in the defined six-gene cluster required for DHN-melanin biosynthesis caused enhanced insect mortality compared to the parent strain. To further examine and confirm the relationship between melanization defects and enhanced virulence in the wax moth model, we performed random insertional mutagenesis in the Af293 genetic background to isolate mutants producing altered conidia colors. Strains producing conidia of previously identified colors and of novel colors were isolated. Interestingly, these color mutants displayed a higher level of pathogenicity in the insect model compared to the wild type. Although some of the more virulent color mutants showed increased resistance to hydrogen peroxide, overall phenotypic characterizations including secondary metabolite production, metalloproteinase activity, and germination rate did not reveal a general mechanism accountable for the enhanced virulence of these color mutants observed in the insect model. Our observations indicate instead, that exacerbated immune response of the wax moth induced by increased exposure of PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) may cause self-damage that results in increased mortality of larvae infected with the color mutants. The current study underscores the limitations of using this insect model for inferring the pathogenic potential of <italic>A. fumigatus</italic> strains in mammals, but also points to the importance of understanding the innate immunity of the insect host in providing insights into the pathogenicity level of different fungal strains in this model. Additionally, our observations that melanization defective color mutants demonstrate increased virulence in the insect wax moth, suggest the potential of using melanization defective mutants of native insect fungal pathogens in the biological control of insect populations.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Aspergillus_fumigatus, 1.00, 1), (Cryptococcus_neoformans, 1.00, 1), (Aspergillosis, 1.00, 1), (Pathogen-associated_molecular_pattern, 1.00, 1), (Metalloproteinase, 1.00, 1), (Conidium, 1.00, 1), (Melanin, 1.00, 1), (Galleria_mellonella, 1.00, 2), (Wild_type, 1.00, 1), (Insertional_mutagenesis, 1.00, 1), (Mammal, 1.00, 1), (Candida_albicans, 1.00, 1), (Virulence, 1.00, 1), (Moth, 1.00, 2), (Hydrogen, 1.00, 0), (Germination, 1.00, 1), (Larva, 1.00, 1), (Secondary_metabolite, 1.00, 1), (Pathogen, 1.00, 2), (Biosynthesis, 0.99, 1), (Yeast, 0.99, 1), (Immune_system, 0.97, 1), (Gene, 0.96, 1), (Mutation, 0.94, 1), (Virulence_factor, 0.93, 1), (Microbiology, 0.73, 1), (Pyralidae, 0.70, 1), (Fungus, 0.61, 1), (Bacteria, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 157 === ArticleID: ALE873XL9BEPKIJY SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Nonlinear Schrodinger equations with multiple-well potential | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.5905 | |
| TAGS: [u'Dynamical systems', u'Quantum Physics', u'Quantum theory', u'ergodic theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We consider the stationary solutions for a class of Schrodinger equations with a N-well potential and a nonlinear perturbation. By means of semiclassical techniques we prove that the dominant term of the ground state solutions is described by a N-dimensional Hamiltonian system, where the coupling term among the coordinates is a tridiagonal Toeplitz matrix. In particular we consider the case of N=4 wells, where we show the occurrence of spontaneous symmetry-breaking bifurcation effect. In particular, in the limit of large focusing nonlinearity we prove that the ground state stationary solutions consist of N wavefunctions localized on a single well. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Ergodic_theory, 1.00, 1), (Toeplitz_matrix, 1.00, 1), (Tridiagonal_matrix, 1.00, 1), (Spontaneous_symmetry_breaking, 1.00, 1), (Nonlinear_system, 0.98, 2), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.96, 2), (Hamiltonian_system, 0.94, 2), (Dynamical_systems, 0.78, 1), (Physics, 0.74, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.64, 1) | |
| === 158 === ArticleID: 4V6WREQFNJAVR69X SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Leaf optical properties as affected by shade in saplings of six tropical tree species differing in successional status | |
| URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=s1677-04202003000100007 | |
| TAGS: [u'Chlorophyll', u'clorofila', u'leaf absorbance', u'shade tolerance', u'specific leaf area', u'successional species'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Tree species differing in successional status may present different responses to shade. Adjustments at leaf level may affect their optical properties, leading to changes in PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) absorbance. The aim of this study was to evaluate leaf optical properties as affected by understory shade in saplings of six tropical tree species differing in successional status and degree of shade tolerance. Chlorophyll content and specific leaf area (SLA) were also evaluated. The effects of shade on leaf optical properties and chlorophyll content differed among the studied species, whereas increased SLA was a common response for all species, reflecting the occurrence of thinner leaves under shade. The three studied shade-tolerant species - Esenbeckia leiocarpa, Myroxylon peruiferum and Hymenaea courbaril - presented a greater PAR absorbance under shade. The response of the shade-intolerant species was varied. While Schizolobium parahyba also showed a greater PAR absorbance under shade, Chorisia speciosa did not alter its spectral properties and Cecropia pachystachya presented an opposite pattern, with smaller absorbance under shade. Increases in leaf chlorophyll content were significant in the shade-tolerant species, whereas they were absent or of small magnitude in the shade-intolerant ones. Although the shade-induced decrease of leaf reflectance was the only response that safely discriminated tolerant from intolerant species, the adjustments in leaf chlorophyll content and optical properties were more consistent for the tolerant species. Espécies arbóreas tropicais pertencentes a diferentes estádios de sucessão podem apresentar diferentes respostas ao sombreamento. Ajustes apresentados ao nível das folhas podem afetar as propriedades ópticas, levando a alterações na absorbância da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (RAF). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar alterações das propriedades ópticas foliares em resposta ao sombreamento natural em plantas jovens de seis espécies arbóreas tropicais pertencentes a diferentes estádios de sucessão e com diferente grau de tolerância à sombra. Conteúdo de clorofila e área foliar específica (AFE) também foram avaliados. Os efeitos do sombreamento sobre as propriedades ópticas foliares e conteúdo de clorofila diferiram entre as espécies estudadas, ao passo que o aumento da AFE foi uma resposta comum, refletindo a ocorrência de folhas mais finas. As três espécies tolerantes à sombra - Esenbeckia leiocarpa, Myroxylon peruiferum e Hymenaea courbaril - apresentaram uma maior absorbância da RAF sob sombreamento. A resposta das espécies intolerantes à sombra foi variada. Enquanto Schizolobium parahyba também apresentou maior absorbância da RAF sob sombreamento, Chorisia speciosa não alterou suas propriedades espectrais e Cecropia pachystachya apresentou um padrão oposto de resposta, com menor absorbância sob sombreamento. Aumentos no conteúdo de clorofila foram significativos nas espécies tolerantes à sombra, ao passo que estiveram ausentes ou foram de pequena magnitude nas intolerantes. Embora a redução da reflectância foliar sob sombreamento tenha sido a única resposta que discriminou seguramente as espécies tolerantes das intolerantes, os ajustes no conteúdo de clorofila e nas propriedades ópticas das folhas foram mais consistentes para as espécies tolerantes. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Shade_tolerance, 1.00, 2), (Species, 1.00, 1), (Specific_leaf_area, 0.99, 2), (Leaf_Area_Index, 0.84, 2), (Plant_anatomy, 0.74, 1), (Plant, 0.62, 2) | |
| === 159 === ArticleID: 0LSDSU7OXVI7JHAL SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: A Technological Innovation Management Based on the Audit | |
| URL: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ibr/article/view/10017 | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the status of technological innovation management, made a complete concept of technological innovation audit, and sets up a conceptual model of technical innovation audit using systems engineering method. We puts forward an integrity concept of stakeholders at all levels, established a concept model of technological innovation audit and presents the workflow and common method of implementing technological innovation audit. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Innovation_management, 1.00, 1), (Engineering, 0.99, 1), (Innovation, 0.98, 1), (Management, 0.85, 2), (Logic, 0.82, 1), (Technology, 0.78, 1), (Software_engineering, 0.69, 2), (System, 0.67, 1), (Systems_engineering, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 160 === ArticleID: BIQYT2NG80L7HS1R SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Isolation of pathogenic bacteria from fomites in the operating rooms of a specialist hospital in Kano, North-western Nigeria | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3473976/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Bacterial Pathogens', u'antibiotic susceptibility', u'fomite', u'operating room'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec id="st1"><title>Background</title><p>Nosocomial infection constitute over 25% of infection rates in the hospital setting causing significant morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. The aim of this study is to establish the possible presence of known bacteria pathogens on fomites in the operating theatre and evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Methods</title><p>Various items in the operating theatre rooms such as forceps, scissors, floor, walls, suction tube, sink, theatre bed covers etc. were screened for the presence of bacterial and fungal pathogens from Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital, Kano between Jan – Aug 2009. One thousand eight hundred (1,800) samples were processed. Bacterial and fungal isolates were identified by standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by disc diffusion method.</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Results</title><p>A total of eight bacteria genera and four fungal species were observed. The following bacterial pathogens were isolated; Escherichia coli (10.0%), Proteus Mirabilis (8.33%), <italic>Proteus vulgaris</italic> (6.70%), <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> (23.3%), <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> (0.83%), Streptococcus spp. (18.3%), <italic>E. faecalis</italic> (3.33%), Coagulase negative staph (28.3%) and <italic>Salmonella choleraesius</italic> (0.83%). Ofloxacin and ceftriaxone showed encouraging results against the isolates.</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Fomites should be regarded as a possible source of nosocomial infection since bacteria from them can be carried from the hands of theatre personnel to the patient undergoing surgery or through redispersed bacteria from surfaces during surgery.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Fomite, 1.00, 2), (Proteus_vulgaris, 1.00, 1), (Staphylococcus_aureus, 1.00, 1), (Murtala_Mohammed, 1.00, 1), (Hospital-acquired_infection, 1.00, 2), (Streptococcus, 1.00, 1), (Ceftriaxone, 1.00, 1), (Proteus_Mirabilis, 1.00, 1), (Bacteria, 1.00, 1), (Developing_country, 1.00, 1), (Species, 1.00, 1), (Nigeria, 1.00, 12, (Pseudomonas_aeruginosa, 1.00, 1), (Pathogen, 1.00, 1), (Diffusion, 1.00, 1), (Disease, 0.99, 1), (Scissors, 0.99, 1), (Salmonella, 0.99, 1), (Forceps, 0.95, 1), (Kano, 0.94, 1), (Antibiotic_resistance, 0.65, 1), (Microbiology, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 161 === ArticleID: 3PWIRIW8FPR1HXB4 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Measurements of transverse energy distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 200$ GeV | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-ex/0407003 | |
| TAGS: [u'Nuclear Experiment'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Transverse energy ($E_T$) distributions have been measured for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 200$ GeV by the STAR collaboration at RHIC. $E_T$ is constructed from its hadronic and electromagnetic components, which have been measured separately. $E_T$ production for the most central collisions is well described by several theoretical models whose common feature is large energy density achieved early in the fireball evolution. The magnitude and centrality dependence of $E_T$ per charged particle agrees well with measurements at lower collision energy, indicating that the growth in $E_T$ for larger collision energy results from the growth in particle production. The electromagnetic fraction of the total $E_T$ is consistent with a final state dominated by mesons and independent of centrality. | |
| CONCEPTS: (GeV, 1.00, 1), (Evolution, 1.00, 1), (Energy, 0.96, 1), (Collision, 0.95, 2), (Particle_physics, 0.87, 2), (Energy_density, 0.84, 1), (Photon, 0.82, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.77, 1), (Electric_charge, 0.75, 1), (Light, 0.75, 1) | |
| === 162 === ArticleID: 12MYBB7QXUAR1SZC SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: 2D-fluoroscopic navigated percutaneous screw fixation of pelvic ring injuries - a case series | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2916892/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p>Screw fixation of pelvic ring fractures is a common, but demanding procedure and navigation techniques were introduced to increase the precision of screw placement. The purpose of this case series was the evaluation of screw misplacement rate and functional outcome of percutaneous screw fixation of pelvic ring disruptions using a 2 D navigation system.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Between August 2004 and December 2007, 44 of 442 patients with pelvic injuries were included for closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation of disrupted pelvic ring lesions using an optoelectronic 2 D-fluoroscopic based navigation system. Operating and fluoroscopy time were measured, as well as peri- and postoperative complications documented. Screw position was assessed by postoperative CT scans. Quality of live was evaluated by SF 36-questionnaire in 40 of 44 patients at mean follow up 15.5 ± 1.2 month.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>56 iliosacral- and 29 ramus pubic-screws were inserted (mean operation time per screw 62 ± 4 minutes, mean fluoroscopy time per screw 123 ± 12 seconds). In post-operative CT-scans the screw position was assessed and graded as follows: I. secure positioning, completely in the cancellous bone (80%); II. secure positioning, but contacting cortical bone structures (14%); III. malplaced positioning, penetrating the cortical bone (6%). The malplacements predominantly occurred in bilateral overlapping screw fixation. No wound infection or iatrogenic neurovascular damage were observed. Four re-operations were performed, two of them due to implant-misplacement and two of them due to implant-failure.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>2 D-fluoroscopic navigation is a safe tool providing high accuracy of percutaneous screw placement for pelvic ring fractures, but in cases of a bilateral iliosacral screw fixation an increased risk for screw misplacement was observed. If additional ramus pubic screw fixations are performed, the retrograde inserted screws have to pass the iliopubic eminence to prevent an axial screw loosening.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Iliopubic_eminence, 1.00, 2), (Cancellous_bone, 1.00, 1), (Percutaneous, 1.00, 1), (Fluoroscopy, 1.00, 1), (Bone, 0.97, 2), (Osseous_tissue, 0.95, 1), (Cortical_bone, 0.93, 1), (Postoperative_complications, 0.84, 1), (Infection, 0.75, 1), (CT_scans, 0.73, 1), (Skeletal_system, 0.72, 1), (Peri, 0.71, 1), (Wound, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 163 === ArticleID: EDVXPCC7WMQAOE90 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: On the capacity of the dither-quantized Gaussian channel | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1401.6787 | |
| TAGS: [u'Information Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: This paper studies the capacity of the peak-and-average-power-limited Gaussian channel when its output is quantized using a dithered uniform quantizer of step size $\Delta$. It is shown that the capacity of this channel tends to that of the unquantized Gaussian channel when $\Delta$ tends to zero, and it tends to zero when $\Delta$ tends to infinity. In the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, it is shown that, when the peak-power constraint is absent, the low-SNR asymptotic capacity is equal to that of the unquantized channel irrespective of $\Delta$. Furthermore, an expression for the low-SNR asymptotic capacity for finite peak-to-average-power ratios is given and evaluated in the low- and high-resolution limit. It is demonstrated that, in this case, the low-SNR asymptotic capacity converges to that of the unquantized channel when $\Delta$ tends to zero, and it tends to zero when $\Delta$ tends to infinity. Comparing these results with achievability results for (undithered) 1-bit quantization, it is observed that the dither reduces capacity in the low-precision limit, and it reduces the low-SNR asymptotic capacity unless the peak-to-average-power ratio is unbounded. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Additive_white_Gaussian_noise, 1.00, 1), (Dither, 1.00, 2), (Signal-to-noise_ratio, 1.00, 2), (Information_theory, 1.00, 1), (Infinity, 0.98, 1), (Digital_signal_processing, 0.63, 2) | |
| === 164 === ArticleID: 6JIR80JFIOQZJ32T SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Constraints on Early Nucleosynthesis from the Abundance Pattern of a Damped Ly-alpha System at z = 2.626 | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0401413 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We have investigated chemical evolution in the young universe by analysing the detailed chemical enrichment pattern of a metal-rich galaxy at high redshift. The recent detection of over 20 elements in the gas-phase of a damped Lyman-alpha absorber (DLA) at z = 2.626 represents an exciting new avenue for exploring early nucleosynthesis. Given a strict upper age of 2.5 Gyr and a gas-phase metallicity about one third solar, we have shown the DLA abundance pattern to be consistent with the predictions of a chemical evolution model in which the interstellar enrichment is dominated by massive stars with a small contribution from Type Ia supernovae. Discrepancies between the empirical data and the models are used to highlight outstanding issues in nucleosynthesis theory, including a tendency for Type II supernovae models to overestimate the magnitude of the "odd-even" effect at subsolar metallicities. Our results suggest a possible need for supplemental sources of magnesium and zinc, beyond that provided by massive stars. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Type_II_supernova, 1.00, 1), (Metallicity, 1.00, 1), (Zinc, 1.00, 1), (Magnesium, 1.00, 1), (Year, 1.00, -2), (Redshift, 0.99, 1), (Supernova, 0.96, 1), (Chemical_evolution, 0.94, 1), (Universe, 0.85, 1), (Galaxy, 0.82, 1), (Lyman_series, 0.75, 1), (Type_Ia_supernova, 0.70, 1), (Interstellar_medium, 0.69, 1), (Abiogenesis, 0.63, 0), (White_dwarf, 0.59, 1), (Sun, 0.57, 1) | |
| === 165 === ArticleID: KXZPPEADWIURUS21 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: HnRNP A1 phosphorylated by VRK1 stimulates telomerase and its binding to telomeric DNA sequence | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3458570/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>The telomere integrity is maintained via replication machinery, telomere associated proteins and telomerase. Many telomere associated proteins are regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A 1 (hnRNP A 1), a single-stranded oligonucleotide binding protein, is thought to play a pivotal role in telomere maintenance. Here, we identified hnRNP A 1 as a novel substrate for vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK 1), a cell cycle regulating kinase. Phosphorylation by VRK 1 potentiates the binding of hnRNP A 1 to telomeric ssDNA and telomerase RNA <italic>in vitro</italic> and enhances its function for telomerase reaction. VRK 1 deficiency induces a shortening of telomeres with an abnormal telomere arrangement and activation of DNA-damage signaling in mouse male germ cells. Together, our data suggest that VRK 1 is required for telomere maintenance via phosphorylation of hnRNP A 1, which regulates proteins associated with the telomere and telomerase RNA.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Phosphorylation, 1.00, 1), (Telomerase_RNA_component, 1.00, 1), (Oligonucleotide, 1.00, 1), (DNA_repair, 1.00, 1), (Ribonucleoprotein, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (DNA, 1.00, 1), (Germ_cell, 0.99, 1), (Kinase, 0.98, 1), (Enzyme_substrate_(biology), 0.89, 1), (DNA_replication, 0.77, 1), (Telomerase, 0.77, 2), (Gene, 0.74, 1), (Cell_nucleus, 0.70, 1) | |
| === 166 === ArticleID: 71UOUL6A7E9D7YV7 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Space-resolved characterization of high frequency atmospheric-pressure plasma in nitrogen, applying optical emission spectroscopy and numerical simulation | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.5617 | |
| TAGS: [u'Plasma Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Averaged plasma parameters such as electron distribution function and electron density are determined by characterization of high frequency (2.4 GHz) nitrogen-plasma using both experimental methods, namely optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and microphotography, and numerical simulation. Both direct and stepwise electron-impact excitation of nitrogen emissions are considered. The determination of space-resolved electron distribution function, electron density, rate constant for electron-impact dissociation of nitrogen molecule and the production of nitrogen atoms, applying the same methods, is discussed. Spatial distribution of intensities of neutral nitrogen molecule and nitrogen molecular ion from the microplasma is imaged by a CCD camera. The CCD images are calibrated using the corresponding emissions measured by absolutely-calibrated OES, and are then subjected to inverse Abel transformation to determine space-resolved intensities and other parameters. The space-resolved parameters are compared, respectively, with the averaged parameters, and an agreement between them is established. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Emission_spectrum, 1.00, 2), (Nitrogen, 1.00, 2), (Electron, 1.00, 1), (Atom, 1.00, 1), (Microphotograph, 0.99, 1), (Chemistry, 0.99, 1), (Plasma_(physics), 0.97, 2), (Electron_density, 0.96, 1), (Hertz, 0.92, 1), (Ion, 0.83, 1), (Molecule, 0.77, 1), (Electric_charge, 0.66, 1) | |
| === 167 === ArticleID: XUXUW88ZKQLV34DW SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Nitrosylcobalamin Potentiates the Anti-Neoplastic Effects of Chemotherapeutic Agents via Suppression of Survival Signaling | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2117345/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p>Nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl) is a chemotherapeutic pro-drug derived from vitamin B 12 that preferentially delivers nitric oxide (NO) to tumor cells, based upon increased receptor expression. NO-Cbl induces Apo2 L/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and inhibits survival signaling in a variety of malignant cell lines. Chemotherapeutic agents often simultaneously induce an apoptotic signal and activation of NF-κB, which has the undesired effect of promoting cell survival. The specific aims of this study were to 1) measure the anti-tumor effects of NO-Cbl alone and in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, and to 2) examine the mechanism of action of NO-Cbl as a single agent and in combination therapy.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methodology</title><p>Using anti-proliferative assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), immunoblot analysis and kinase assays, we demonstrate an increase in the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents in combination with NO-Cbl as a result of suppressed NF-κB activation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Eighteen chemotherapeutic agents were tested in combination with NO-Cbl, in thirteen malignant cell lines, resulting in a synergistic anti-proliferative effect in 78% of the combinations tested. NO-Cbl pre-treatment resulted in decreased NF-κB DNA binding activity, inhibition of IκB kinase (IKK) enzymatic activity, decreased AKT activation, increased caspase-8 and PARP cleavage, and decreased cellular XIAP protein levels.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The use of NO-Cbl to inhibit survival signaling may enhance drug efficacy by preventing concomitant activation of NF-κB or AKT.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Electrophoretic_mobility_shift_assay, 1.00, 1), (NF-κB, 1.00, 1), (IκB_kinase, 1.00, 1), (XIAP, 1.00, 1), (Chemotherapy, 1.00, 2), (Apoptosis, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (DNA, 1.00, 1), (Receptor_(biochemistry), 0.99, 1), (Tumor, 0.98, 1), (Kinase, 0.98, 1), (Cancer, 0.97, 1), (Nitric_oxide, 0.92, 1), (Nitrosylcobalamin_Potentiates, 0.90, 1), (Oncology, 0.88, 1), (Vitamin_B12, 0.78, 1), (Prodrug, 0.78, 1), (Mechanism_of_action, 0.76, 1), (EMSA, 0.76, 1), (Caspase_8, 0.63, 1), (Effectiveness, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 168 === ArticleID: GY15HYNVEHJN43QF SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Quantum two- and three-person duels | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0305058 | |
| TAGS: [u'Quantum Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: In game theory, a popular model of a struggle for survival among three competing agents is a truel, or three person generalization of a duel. Adopting the ideas recently developed in quantum game theory, we present a quantum scheme for the problems of duels and truels. In the classical case, the outcome is sensitive to the precise rules under which the truel is performed and can be counter intuitive. These aspects carry over into our quantum scheme, but interference amongst the players' strategies can arise, leading to game equilibria different from the classical case. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Quantum_game_theory, 1.00, 2), (Physics, 0.97, 1), (Game_theory, 0.88, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.84, 1), (Duel, 0.80, 1), (Classical_mechanics, 0.61, 1), (Classical_physics, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 169 === ArticleID: J3B3U7HUUE0EEX38 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties of the Thai Version | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3820408/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Assessment', u'Community participation', u'Spinal cord injury'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p> [Purpose] The present study aimed to cross-culturally translate and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Thai version of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA) in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). [Subjects] One hundred and thirty-nine persons with SCI who lived in the community were recruited for this study. [Methods] The IPA was translated following the guideline for cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. The reliability and validity was examined in 139 persons with SCI. For the test-retest reliability, 30 participants completed the Thai version of the IPA twice with a 2-week interval. [Results] The translated questionnaire and its items had moderate to good reliability, with the ICC<sub>(3,1)</sub> ranging from 0.76 to 0.93. The internal consistency for all domains was high, with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.86 to 0.90. The convergent validity, discriminant validity, and construct validity were supported. [Conclusion] The Thai version of the IPA is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the level of community participation in Thai persons with spinal cord injury.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Convergent_validity, 1.00, 1), (Repeatability, 1.00, 1), (Spinal_cord_injury, 1.00, 1), (Construct_validity, 1.00, 1), (Discriminant_validity, 1.00, 1), (Cronbach's_alpha, 1.00, 1), (IPA, 0.99, 1), (Integrated_Process_Automation, 0.95, 1), (Spinal_cord, 0.95, 1), (Reliability_(statistics), 0.95, 1), (Thailand, 0.86, 2), (Psychometrics, 0.79, 2), (Autonomy_Questionnaire, 0.73, 2), (Psychometric_Properties, 0.65, 2), (Validity_(statistics), 0.60, 1) | |
| === 170 === ArticleID: C64J8JHDL9G0S6SY SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Host predisposition by endogenous Transforming Growth Factor-β1 overexpression promotes pulmonary fibrosis following bleomycin injury | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2169220/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p>Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive diffuse disease involving the lung parenchyma. Despite recent advances, the molecular mechanisms of the initiation and progression of this disease remain elusive. Previous studies have demonstrated TGFβ1 as a key effector cytokine in the development of lung fibrosis.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>In this study we have used a transgenic mouse based strategy to identify the effect of overexpression of this key effector mediator on the development of pulmonary fibrosis in response to exogenous injury. We bred two lines (line 25 and 18) of transgenic mice (Tr+) that overexpressed active TGFβ1. Three-month old transgenic and wild type mice were subsequently wounded with intraperitoneal bleomycin. Mice were sacrificed at 6 weeks post-bleomycin and their lungs analysed histologically and biochemically.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The severity of lung fibrosis was significantly greater in the Tr+ mice compared to the wild type mice. Using an oligonucleotide microarray based strategy we identified discrete patterns of gene expression contributing to TGFβ1 associated pulmonary fibrosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>This data emphasises the importance of a host predisposition in the form of endogenous TGFβ1, in the development of pulmonary fibrosis in response to an exogenous injury.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (TGF_beta_1, 1.00, 2), (Bleomycin, 1.00, 1), (Wild_type, 1.00, 1), (Idiopathic_pulmonary_fibrosis, 1.00, 1), (Parenchyma, 1.00, 1), (Oligonucleotide, 1.00, 1), (Gene, 1.00, 1), (Endogeny, 0.99, 1), (Pulmonary_fibrosis, 0.99, 2), (Exogeny, 0.98, 1), (Gene_expression, 0.96, 1), (Transgenesis, 0.89, 1), (Microarray, 0.80, 1), (Intraperitoneal_injection, 0.73, 1), (Molecular_biology, 0.70, 1), (Lung, 0.57, 2) | |
| === 171 === ArticleID: 03XECPVRA3K6GAH0 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Preparation of Pectin–ZnO Nanocomposite | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2894095/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Nanocomposite', u'Nanocrystallinity', u'Nanocrystinity', u'Pection', u'Preparation', u'Zinc oxide'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Pectin–ZnO nanocomposite was prepared in the aqueous solution condition at room temperature. The Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements confirmed the nanoscaled structure of pectin–ZnO composite. According to the TEM observation, the average composite granules size was about 150 nm and the embedded ZnO nanoparticles were uniform with an average diameter of 70 nm.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Nanocomposite, 1.00, 2), (Nanoparticle, 1.00, 1), (X-ray_crystallography, 0.99, 1), (X-ray, 0.96, 1), (Electron_microscope, 0.93, 1), (Zinc, 0.88, 1), (Ultraviolet, 0.88, 1), (Pectin–ZnO_Nanocomposite, 0.83, 1), (Electron, 0.82, 1), (Scientific_techniques, 0.75, 1), (Electromagnetic_radiation, 0.73, 1), (Fourier_transform, 0.70, 1), (Infrared_spectroscopy, 0.69, 1), (Transmission_electron_microscope, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 172 === ArticleID: JQBXL9Z2F93EE6BP SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Implications of minimum-length deformed quantum mechanics for QFT/QG | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.0649 | |
| TAGS: [u'General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: After picking out what may seem more realistic minimal gravitational deformation of quantum mechanics, we study its back reaction on gravity. The large distance behaviour of Newtonian potential coincides with the result obtained by using of effective field theory approach to general relativity (the correction proves to be of repulsive nature). The short distance corrections result in Planck mass black hole remnants with zero temperature. The deformation of position-momentum uncertainty relations leads to the superluminal motion that can be avoided by making similar deformation of time-energy uncertainty relation. Such deformation also avoids UV divergences in QFT. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Effective_field_theory, 1.00, 1), (Planck_mass, 1.00, 1), (Quantum_cosmology, 1.00, 1), (Uncertainty_principle, 1.00, 1), (Stellar_black_hole, 1.00, 1), (General_relativity, 1.00, 1), (QFT, 1.00, 1), (Superluminal_motion, 0.98, 1), (Physics, 0.96, 1), (Quantum_gravity, 0.91, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.79, 1), (Newtonian_potential, 0.78, 1), (Classical_mechanics, 0.78, 1), (Black_hole, 0.71, 2), (Quantum_field_theory, 0.66, 1) | |
| === 173 === ArticleID: GY7HC5T67DWAW56F SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Characterisation and Skin Distribution of Lecithin-Based Coenzyme Q10-Loaded Lipid Nanocapsules | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2956036/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Coenzyme Q10', u'Cryo-TEM', u'DSC', u'Lipid nanocapsules', u'Topical delivery'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the inner lipid ratio on the physicochemical properties and skin targeting of surfactant-free lecithin-based coenzyme Q 10-loaded lipid nanocapsules (CoQ 10-LNCs). The smaller particle size of CoQ 10-LNCs was achieved by high pressure and a lower ratio of CoQ 10/GTCC (Caprylic/capric triglyceride); however, the zeta potential of CoQ 10-LNCs was above /− 60 mV/ with no distinct difference among them at different ratios of CoQ 10/GTCC. Both the crystallisation point and the index decreased with the decreasing ratio of CoQ 10/GTCC and smaller particle size; interestingly, the supercooled state of CoQ 10-LNCs was observed at particle size below about 200 nm, as verified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in one heating–cooling cycle. The lecithin monolayer sphere structure of CoQ 10-LNCs was investigated by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM). The skin penetration results revealed that the distribution of Nile red-loaded CoQ 10-LNCs depended on the ratio of inner CoQ 10/GTCC; moreover, epidermal targeting and superficial dermal targeting were achieved by the CoQ 10-LNCs application. The highest fluorescence response was observed at a ratio of inner CoQ 10/GTCC of 1:1. These observations suggest that lecithin-based LNCs could be used as a promising topical delivery vehicle for lipophilic compounds.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Differential_scanning_calorimetry, 1.00, 1), (Supercooling, 1.00, 1), (Coenzyme_Q10, 1.00, 0), (Zeta_potential, 1.00, 1), (Lipid, 1.00, 2), (Triglyceride, 1.00, 1), (Fluorescence, 1.00, 1), (Transmission_electron_microscopy, 0.98, 1), (Electron, 0.97, 1), (Ratio, 0.97, 1), (DSC, 0.94, 1), (Skin, 0.85, 1), (Physical_chemistry, 0.67, 1), (Materials_science, 0.59, 2) | |
| === 174 === ArticleID: 1EP06BU4BNPMAGJS SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: The Mass-Dependent Clustering History of K-selected Galaxies at z < 4 in the SXDS/UDS Field | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1101.1566 | |
| TAGS: [u'Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We investigate mass-dependent galaxy evolution based on a large sample of (more than 50,000) K-band selected galaxies in a multi-wavelength catalog of the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS) and the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS)/Ultra Deep Survey (UDS). We employ the optical to near-infrared photometry to determine photometric redshifts of these galaxies. Then, we estimate the stellar mass of our sample galaxies using a standard fitting procedure. From the sample galaxies, we obtain the stellar mass function of galaxies and the cosmic stellar mass density up to z<4. Our results are consistent with previous studies and we find a considerable number of low-mass galaxies (M<10^{10.5}) at the redshift range 3<z<4. The stellar-mass dependent correlation functions of our sample galaxies show clear evolution and they connect to that in the local universe consistently. Also, the massive galaxies show strong clustering throughout our studied redshift range. The correlation length of massive galaxies rapidly decreases from z=4 to 2. We also find some high mass density regions of massive galaxies at 1.4<z<2.5 in our sample, which may be candidate progenitors of the present-day clusters of galaxies. At this redshift range, massive star-forming galaxies are the dominant population making up the structures and the passively evolving galaxies show stronger clustering and they may have formed earlier than those star-forming galaxies. | |
| CONCEPTS: (XMM-Newton, 1.00, 1), (UKIRT_Infrared_Deep_Sky_Survey, 1.00, 1), (K_selection_theory, 1.00, -1), (Correlation_function_(statistical_mechanics), 1.00, 1), (Photometric_redshift, 1.00, 1), (K_band, 1.00, 1), (Infrared, 1.00, 1), (Evolution, 1.00, 1), (Redshift, 0.99, 1), (Density, 0.96, 1), (Astrophysics, 0.95, 1), (Photometry_(astronomy), 0.94, 1), (Galaxy, 0.93, 1), (Cosmology_and_Nongalactic_Astrophysics, 0.90, 1), (Big_Bang, 0.81, 1), (Interstellar_medium, 0.76, 1), (Sun, 0.73, -2), (General_relativity, 0.69, 1), (Dark_matter, 0.67, 1), (UDS, 0.66, 1), (SXDS, 0.52, 1) | |
| === 175 === ArticleID: SX5BYMMO1GCVPKNG SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: What are those cilia doing in the neural tube? | |
| URL: http://www.ciliajournal.com/content/1/1/19 | |
| TAGS: [u'Cilia', u'PCP signaling', u'Shh signaling', u'neural tube development'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Primary cilia are present on almost all vertebrate cells, and they have diverse functions in distinct tissues. Cilia are important for sensation in multiple capacities in contexts as different as the retina, kidney, and inner ear. In addition to these roles, cilia play a critical part in various developmental processes. Of particular importance is the development of the neural tube, where cilia are essential for the transduction of the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway that specifies neuronal cell fates. This relationship is well established and is the most recognizable function for cilia in the neural tube, but it may be part of a larger picture. Here, we discuss the links between cilia and Shh signaling, as well as suggesting additional roles for cilia, and mechanisms for their placement, in the neural tube.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Neural_tube, 1.00, 2), (Cilium, 1.00, 1), (Sonic_hedgehog, 1.00, 1), (Retina, 1.00, 1), (Cilia, 0.96, 2), (PCP, 0.94, 1), (Neuron, 0.75, 2), (Brain, 0.65, 1), (Spinal_cord, 0.65, 1) | |
| === 176 === ArticleID: RW7LDTGHKEDSC6GT SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Analysis of Fracture and Fatigue using Lagrangian Mechanics | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1212.6704 | |
| TAGS: [u'Classical Physics', u'Materials Science'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Many people are aware of the theory of elastic fracture originated by AA Griffith, and although Griffith used the theorem of minimum potential energy most people seem unaware of the broader implications of this theorem. If it is set within its classical mechanics roots, it is clear that it is a restricted form of a Lagrangian. In advanced texts on fracture cracks are treated as dynamic entities, and the role of stress waves is clearly articulated. However, in most non-advanced texts on fracture and fatigue the role of stress waves are either not included or not emphasised, often leading to a possible misunderstanding of the fundamentals of fracture. What is done here is to extend Griffiths approach by setting it within the concept of Stationary Action, and introducing a quasi-static stress wave unloading model, which connects the energy release mechanism with the stress field. This leads to a definition of a dynamic stress intensity factor, and this model is then applied to fatigue of perfectly elastic and elastic-plastic materials to include crack tip plasticity. The results for the Griffiths crack and the dynamic case are retrodiction, to establish the validity of the methods used. The extension to fatigue gives significant new results, which show that for elastic-plastic materials the influence of the maximum stress in the cycle as a fraction of the yield stress, called the yield stress ratio, has not been recognised. The new form of the fatigue crack growth relationship derived answers many of the long standing questions about the Paris Law. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Lagrangian_mechanics, 1.00, 2), (Stress_intensity_factor, 1.00, 1), (Yield_(engineering), 1.00, 1), (Classical_mechanics, 1.00, 1), (Lagrangian, 0.98, 1), (AA_Griffith, 0.98, 1), (Fatigue_(medical), 0.87, 2), (Fracture, 0.87, 2), (Mechanics, 0.86, 1), (Physics, 0.86, 1), (Griffith, 0.85, 1), (Elasticity_(physics), 0.85, 1), (Materials_science, 0.81, 1), (Action_(physics), 0.72, 1), (Fracture_mechanics, 0.70, 2), (Plasticity_(physics), 0.62, 1) | |
| === 177 === ArticleID: FQFBQA24BLXG9W6H SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Herbal treatment of secretory diarrhea | |
| URL: http://www.arjournals.org/index.php/ijpm/article/view/141 | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: The research study is conducted to understand interaction of illness, symptoms, context, patients response and the clinical skill vis a vis better management of secretory diarrhea. Specific aim of this study is to determine the impact of intensive medical intervention with herbal drug “Dirasif” (Test) and allopathic drug “Furoxone” (Control) to treat secretory diarrhea. This is randomized controlled clinical trial in primary care with an open intervention. All patients judged by the physician to need either herbal or allopathic medicine for secretory diarrhea are randomized in treatment therapy. Clinical trial was conducted on hundred patients from both groups i. e.50 patient from control and 50 from experimental group having age between 12-40 year. Comparison of data recorded by participants relating to these variables showed significant differences between test and control groups (p < 0.05) despite the fact that no side effects were recorded in test group. Overall clinical success was observed in both treatment groups however the efficacy of the test treated medication (Dirasif) was superior as p=0.03. Dirasif is more effective than the Furoxone in the treatment of secretory diarrhea in Gadap community Karachi, Pakistan. Keywords: Secretory diarrhea, efficacy, dirasif, furoxone | |
| CONCEPTS: (Allopathic_medicine, 1.00, 1), (Diarrhea, 1.00, 2), (Clinical_trial, 1.00, 1), (Primary_care, 0.99, 1), (Pharmacology, 0.96, 1), (Medicine, 0.70, 1), (Gadap, 0.69, 1), (Illness, 0.66, 1) | |
| === 178 === ArticleID: 5EV89FVXP1IMXVQN SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Testicular Microlithiasis: Is it a pre-cancerous state? | |
| URL: http://journals.tums.ac.ir/pdfmed.aspx?pdf_med=/upload_files/pdf/256.pdf&manuscript_id=256 | |
| TAGS: [u'Calculi', u'Testicular Neoplasms', u'Ultrasound'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Backgroud: Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is an uncommon condition characterized by calcium deposits in the lumina of semineferous tubules. These intratesticular calcifications appear as bright 2-3-mm echogenic foci on testicular ultrasound. Cumulated experience points to an association between TM, intratubular germ cell neoplasia and other testicular tumors. Objective: To assess the prevalence of TM revealed on sonography in referred population and its association with the concurrent testicular tumors. Patients and Method: Over a 129-month period (August 1991–May 2002), 2165 high resolution (7.5 MHz) scrotal sonographies were performed in the Imaging Department of Mehr Hospital, a referral center in Tehran. Cases of testicular tumor and TM were selected. The diagnosis and histologic typing of tumors were made by histopathologic studies. Results: A total of 15 cases of TM were discovered, giving a prevalence of 0.7%. Concurrent TM and testicular neoplasia were detected in four patients (27% cases of TM). Conclusion: It is strongly suggested to follow those with TM with physical examination and ultrasonography at least annually and to encourage self-examination. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Histopathology, 1.00, 2), (Lumen_(anatomy), 1.00, 2), (Neoplasm, 1.00, 2), (Experience_point, 1.00, 1), (Physical_examination, 1.00, 1), (Testicular_cancer, 0.99, 1), (Hertz, 0.99, 1), (Cancer, 0.98, 2), (Ultrasound, 0.98, 1), (Medical_ultrasonography, 0.96, 1), (Testicular_microlithiasis, 0.94, 2), (Radiodensity, 0.86, 1), (Anatomical_pathology, 0.72, 1), (Tubule, 0.63, 1), (Calculi, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 179 === ArticleID: V7B50O5SYU8NVA31 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Method of unitary clothing transformations in the theory of nucleon-nucleon scattering | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1012.5406 | |
| TAGS: [u'Nuclear Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The clothing procedure, put forward in quantum field theory (QFT) by Greenberg and Schweber, is applied for the description of nucleon-nucleon (N-N) scattering. We consider pseudoscalar, vector and scalar meson fields interacting with fermion ones via the Yukawa-type couplings to introduce trial interactions between "bare" particles. The subsequent unitary clothing transformations (UCTs) are found to express the total Hamiltonian through new interaction operators that refer to particles with physical (observable) properties, the so-called clothed particles. In this work, we are focused upon the Hermitian and energy-independent operators for the clothed nucleons, being built up in the second order in the coupling constants. The corresponding analytic expressions in momentum space are compared with the separate meson contributions to the one-boson-exchange potentials in the meson theory of nuclear forces. In order to evaluate the T-matrix of the N-N scattering we have used an equivalence theorem that enables us to operate in the clothed particle representation (CPR) instead of the bare particle representation (BPR) with its large amount of virtual processes. We have derived the Lippmann-Schwinger type equation for the CPR elements of the T-matrix for a given collision energy in the two-nucleon sector of the Hilbert space of hadronic states. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Position_and_momentum_space, 1.00, 1), (Analytical_expression, 1.00, 1), (Fermion, 1.00, 1), (Hilbert_space, 1.00, 2), (Scattering, 1.00, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.97, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.96, 1), (Coupling_constant, 0.95, 1), (Greenberg, 0.88, 1), (Schweber, 0.81, 1), (Quantum_field_theory, 0.81, 1), (Hamiltonian_(quantum_mechanics), 0.73, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.67, 1), (Field_(physics), 0.64, 1) | |
| === 180 === ArticleID: TRXYRFYRZJY5IRV8 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: A comparative study of root canal preparation using flexmaster rotary and NiTi hand files | |
| URL: http://journals.tums.ac.ir/pdfmed.aspx?pdf_med=/upload_files/pdf/2480.pdf&manuscript_id=2480 | |
| TAGS: [u'NiTi file', u'Rotary instruments'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Background and Aim: Maintaining the original canal path and safety of canal preparation during instrumentation in curved canals have been subjected to many challenges. The aim of this study was to compare several parameters of root canal preparation using flexmaster rotary and hand used Nickel-Titanium instruments. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, sixty extracted human teeth with root canal curvatures between 10 and 42 degress were devided into two similar groups with equal mean curvatures. Root canals in one group were prepared using flexmaster rotary instruments and the other with NiTi hand files. After canal preparation, different parameters such as straightening of curved root canal, loss of working length, fracture rate, perforation and working time, were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Data were analyzed by t student test with p<0.05 as the limit of significance. Results: Results showed that both instruments maintained the original canals' curvature. No loss of working length, instruments fracture or perforation was recorded. Working time was significantly shorter for flexmaster than hand files. Conclusion: Both systems under investigation respected original root canal curvature and were safe to use. Therefore the rotary techniques could be successfully introduced to undergraduate endodontic programmes. | |
| CONCEPTS: (NiTi, 0.99, 2), (Root_canal, 0.99, 2), (Rotary_instruments, 0.93, 1), (File_system, 0.91, 1), (Canal, 0.81, 1), (Fracture, 0.74, 1), (Tooth_(human), 0.60, 1), (Mean, 0.60, 1), (Teeth, 0.59, 2), (Canal+, 0.58, -1) | |
| === 181 === ArticleID: HM8IDD78GSGN3MV9 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Carcinoma of the Colon in an Adult with Intestinal Malrotation | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3745926/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in the USA. Intestinal malrotation diagnosed in adulthood was, until recently, a very rare phenomenon. While patients may present with intestinal obstruction or abdominal pain, the diagnosis is now often made as an incidental finding by computed tomography (CT). Surprisingly we found only seven case reports of carcinoma of the colon in patients with malrotation; CT failed to make the preoperative diagnosis in a majority. Laparoscopic colon surgery is rapidly becoming standard of care for colon cancer. We present a case of carcinoma of the colon in an adult that thwarted attempts at laparoscopic resection due to failure to recognize malrotation preoperatively. The literature is reviewed, and the implications of malrotation in patients with colon cancer are examined.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Abdominal_pain, 1.00, 1), (X-ray_computed_tomography, 1.00, 1), (Cancer, 1.00, 1), (Colon_(anatomy), 0.98, 1), (Carcinoma, 0.97, 1), (Colorectal_cancer, 0.96, 1), (Colon_cancer, 0.91, 2), (Surgery, 0.81, 1), (Volvulus, 0.80, 1), (Constipation, 0.76, 1), (Ulcerative_colitis, 0.74, 1), (Bowel_obstruction, 0.71, 1), (Laparoscopic_surgery, 0.56, 1) | |
| === 182 === ArticleID: YIQGGAJ0IM32CKSW SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Controlling an actively-quenched single photon detector with bright light | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0809.3408 | |
| TAGS: [u'Instrumentation and Detectors', u'Quantum Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We control using bright light an actively-quenched avalanche single-photon detector. Actively-quenched detectors are commonly used for quantum key distribution (QKD) in the visible and near-infrared range. This study shows that these detectors are controllable by the same attack used to hack passively-quenched and gated detectors. This demonstrates the generality of our attack and its possible applicability to eavsdropping the full secret key of all QKD systems using avalanche photodiodes (APDs). Moreover, the commercial detector model we tested (PerkinElmer SPCM-AQR) exhibits two new blinding mechanisms in addition to the previously observed thermal blinding of the APD, namely: malfunctioning of the bias voltage control circuit, and overload of the DC/DC converter biasing the APD. These two new technical loopholes found just in one detector model suggest that this problem must be solved in general, by incorporating generally imperfect detectors into the security proof for QKD. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Infrared, 1.00, 1), (Voltage, 0.99, 1), (Cryptography, 0.97, 2), (Avalanche_photodiode, 0.90, 1), (Quantum_key_distribution, 0.88, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 183 === ArticleID: I6S8UDEOOEHDXMHK SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Semi-invariants of symmetric quivers of tame type | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1007.0882 | |
| TAGS: [u'Associative rings', u'Representation Theory', u'Rings and Algebras', u'associative algebras'] | |
| ABSTRACT: A symmetric quiver $(Q,\sigma)$ is a finite quiver without oriented cycles $Q=(Q_0,Q_1)$ equipped with a contravariant involution $\sigma$ on $Q_0\sqcup Q_1$. The involution allows us to define a nondegenerate bilinear form $<,>$ on a representation $V$ of $Q$. We shall say that $V$ is orthogonal if $<,>$ is symmetric and symplectic if $<,>$ is skew-symmetric. Moreover, we define an action of products of classical groups on the space of orthogonal representations and on the space of symplectic representations. So we prove that if $(Q,\sigma)$ is a symmetric quiver of tame type then the rings of semi-invariants for this action are spanned by the semi-invariants of determinantal type $c^V$ and, when matrix defining $c^V$ is skew-symmetric, by the Pfaffians $pf^V$. To prove it, moreover, we describe the symplectic and orthogonal generic decomposition of a symmetric dimension vector. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Classical_group, 1.00, 1), (Pfaffian, 1.00, 1), (Associative_algebra, 1.00, 1), (Vector_space, 0.97, 1), (Representation_theory, 0.81, 1), (Group_(mathematics), 0.76, 1), (Ring_(mathematics), 0.74, 2), (Matrix_(mathematics), 0.73, 1), (Abstract_algebra, 0.72, 1), (Degenerate_form, 0.67, 1) | |
| === 184 === ArticleID: QDW07LXGP3UUI99K SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: MGMT Leu84Phe Polymorphism Contributes to Cancer Susceptibility: Evidence from 44 Case-Control Studies | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3784571/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec sec-type="headed"><title>Background</title><p>O<sup>6</sup>-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase is one of the few proteins to directly remove alkylating agents in the human DNA direct reversal repair pathway. A large number of case-control studies have been conducted to explore the association between MGMT Leu84 Phe polymorphism and cancer risk. However, the results were not consistent.</p></sec><sec sec-type="headed"><title>Methods</title><p>We carried out a meta-analysis of 44 case-control studies to clarify the association between the Leu84 Phe polymorphism and cancer risk.</p></sec><sec sec-type="headed"><title>Results</title><p>Overall, significant association of the T allele with cancer susceptibility was verified with meta-analysis under a recessive genetic model (<italic>P</italic><0.001, OR=1.30, 95%CI 1.24-1.50) and TT versus CC comparison (<italic>P</italic>=0.001, OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.12-1.50). In subgroup analysis, a significant increased risk was found for lung cancer (TT versus CC, P=0.027, OR=1.67, 95% CI 1.06-2.63; recessive genetic model, <italic>P</italic>=0.32, OR=1.64, 95% CI 1.04-2.58), whereas risk of colorectal cancer was significantly low under a dominant genetic model (<italic>P</italic>=0.019, OR=0.84, 95% CI 0.72-0.97). Additionally, a significant association between TT genetic model and total cancer risk was found in the Caucasian population (TT versus CC, P=0.014, OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.05-1.59; recessive genetic model, P=0.009, OR=1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.61), but not in the Asian population. An increased risk for lung cancer was also verified in the Caucasian population (TT versus CC, P=0.035, OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.04-2.53; recessive genetic model, <italic>P</italic>=0.048, OR=1.57, 95% CI 1.01-2.45).</p></sec><sec sec-type="headed"><title>Conclusions</title><p>These results suggest that MGMT Leu84 Phe polymorphism might contribute to the susceptibility of certain cancers.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Case-control_study, 1.00, 2), (Methyltransferase, 1.00, 1), (Meta-analysis, 1.00, 2), (Lung_cancer, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (Cancer, 1.00, 2), (DNA, 1.00, 1), (Dominance_(genetics), 1.00, 1), (Colorectal_cancer, 1.00, 1), (Phe, 0.99, 1), (Epidemiology, 0.97, 1), (Polymorphism_(biology), 0.95, 1), (Alkylation, 0.93, 1), (Subgroup, 0.88, 1), (Allele, 0.70, 1), (Cancer_staging, 0.66, 1) | |
| === 185 === ArticleID: JW3EF2265NIMLMTG SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Proinflammatory Cytokines and Bile Acids Upregulate ΔNp73 Protein, an Inhibitor of p53 and p73 Tumor Suppressors | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3661465/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the main etiological factor behind the recent rapid increase in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma. During reflux, esophageal cells are exposed to bile at low pH resulting in cellular damage and inflammation, which are known to facilitate cancer development. In this study, we investigated the regulation of p73 isoform, ΔNp73α, in the reflux condition. Previous studies have reported that ΔNp73 exhibits anti-apoptotic and oncogenic properties through inhibition of p53 and p73 proteins. We found that direct exposure of esophageal cells to bile acids in an acidic environment alters the phosphorylation of ΔNp73, its subcellular localization and increases ΔNp73 protein levels. Upregulation of ΔNp73 was also observed in esophageal tissues collected from patients with GERD and Barrett’s metaplasia, a precancerous lesion in the esophagus associated with gastric reflux. c-Abl, p38 MAPK, and IKK protein kinases were identified to interact in the regulation of ΔNp73. Their inhibition with chemotherapeutic agents and siRNA suppresses ΔNp73. We also found that pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNFα, are potent inducers of ΔNp73α, which further enhance the bile acids/acid effect. Combined, our studies provide evidence that gastroesophageal reflux alters the regulation of oncogenic ΔNp73 isoform that may facilitate tumorigenic transformation of esophageal metaplastic epithelium.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease, 1.00, 2), (Metaplasia, 1.00, 1), (Cytokine, 1.00, 1), (ABL_(gene), 1.00, 1), (Esophageal_cancer, 1.00, 1), (Suppressor, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (Phosphorylation, 1.00, 1), (Epithelium, 1.00, 1), (Inflammation, 1.00, 1), (Cancer, 1.00, 1), (Bile_acid, 0.99, 1), (Chemotherapy, 0.97, 1), (Bile, 0.97, 1), (Etiology, 0.95, 1), (Cell_(biology), 0.91, 1), (Tumor, 0.81, 1), (Barrett's_esophagus, 0.77, 1), (Carcinogenesis, 0.76, 1), (Obesity, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 186 === ArticleID: 1DTASJPSVZ27GF3G SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Throughput of Large One-hop Wireless Networks with General Fading | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.5291 | |
| TAGS: [u'Information Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Consider $n$ source-destination pairs randomly located in a shared wireless medium, resulting in interference between different transmissions. All wireless links are modeled by independently and identically distributed (i. i.d.) random variables, indicating that the dominant channel effect is the random fading phenomenon. We characterize the throughput of one-hop communication in such network. First, we present a closed-form expression for throughput scaling of a heuristic strategy, for a completely general channel power distribution. This heuristic strategy is based on activating the source-destination pairs with the best direct links, and forcing the others to be silent. Then, we present the results for several common examples, namely, Gamma (Nakagami-$m$ fading), Weibull, Pareto, and Log-normal channel power distributions. Finally – by proposing an upper bound on throughput of all possible strategies for super-exponential distributions – we prove that the aforementioned heuristic method is order-optimal for Nakagami-$m$ fading. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Information_theory, 1.00, 1), (Silent_film, 1.00, -2), (Wireless_Networks, 0.97, 2), (Random_variable, 0.95, 1), (Randomness, 0.94, 1), (Closed-form_expression, 0.91, 1), (Heuristic, 0.91, 1), (Distribution, 0.90, 1), (Probability_theory, 0.83, 1), (Computer_network, 0.76, 1), (Probability_distribution, 0.76, 1), (Pareto, 0.68, 1), (Probability_density_function, 0.66, 1), (Variance, 0.65, 1), (Nakagami, 0.65, 1) | |
| === 187 === ArticleID: 3N4MCWJWVJFF9Y0S SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Sense of Community and Residential Space: Contextualizing New Urbanism within a Broader Theoretical Framework | |
| URL: http://www.archnet.org/library/documents/one-document.jsp?document_id=10987 | |
| TAGS: [u'architectural design', u'building analysis/assessment', u'city and regional development', u'environment-behavior studies', u'research in architecture', u'urban design'] | |
| ABSTRACT: None | |
| CONCEPTS: (New_Urbanism, 1.00, 1), (Urban_design, 0.98, 2), (Architecture, 0.98, 2), (Contextualizing_New_Urbanism, 0.92, 1), (Urban_planning, 0.91, 1), (Architectural_design, 0.81, 2), (Space, 0.78, 1), (Construction, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 188 === ArticleID: 61LMNPRB1DOODIUG SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Renormalisation and the density of prime pairs | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9806061 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Ideas from physics are used to show that the prime pairs have the density conjectured by Hardy and Littlewood. The proof involves dealing with infinities like in quantum field theory. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Twin_prime, 1.00, 2), (Physics, 1.00, 1), (Quantum_field_theory, 0.99, 1), (Hardy, 0.91, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.84, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.71, 1), (Field_(physics), 0.64, 1), (Mathematics, 0.62, 1), (Quantum_electrodynamics, 0.62, 1), (Standard_Model, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 189 === ArticleID: DZ7O12NWA8WVOIHL SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Quantum Hall Effect on the Hofstadter Butterfly | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0507594 | |
| TAGS: [u'Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Motivated by recent experimental attempts to detect the Hofstadter butterfly, we numerically calculate the Hall conductivity in a modulated two-dimensional electron system with disorder in the quantum Hall regime. We identify the critical energies where the states are extended for each of butterfly subbands, and obtain the trajectory as a function of the disorder. Remarkably, we find that when the modulation becomes anisotropic, the critical energy branches accompanying a change of the Hall conductivity. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Hall_effect, 1.00, 1), (Electron, 1.00, 1), (Butterfly, 1.00, 1), (Quantum_Hall_effect, 0.99, 1), (Anisotropy, 0.99, 1), (Condensed_matter_physics, 0.98, 1), (Modulation, 0.95, 1), (Hofstadter_Butterfly, 0.91, 2), (Physics, 0.82, 1), (Energy, 0.69, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.67, 1), (Nanoscale_Physics, 0.66, 1), (Quantum_Hall, 0.63, 2), (Photon, 0.60, 1), (Light, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 190 === ArticleID: XTKXGOC0QNZ3WRPY SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Small Sample Estimation in Dynamic Panel Data Models: A Simulation Study | |
| URL: http://www.scirp.org/journal/paperdownload.aspx?doi=10.4236/ojs.2011.12007 | |
| TAGS: [u'Dynamic Panel Data Model', u'First-Difference ized Method of Moments Estimator', u'Parametric Bootstrap', u'Within-Groups Estimator'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We used simulated data to investigate both the small and large sample properties of the within-groups (WG) estimator and the first difference generalized method of moments (FD-GMM) estimator of a dynamic panel data (DPD) model. The magnitude of WG and FD-GMM estimates are almost the same for square panels. WG estimator performs best for long panels such as those with time dimension as large as 50. The advantage of FD-GMM estimator however, is observed on panels that are long and wide, say with time dimension at least 25 and cross-section dimension size of at least 30. For small-sized panels, the two methods failed since their optimality was established in the context of asymptotic theory. We developed parametric bootstrap versions of WG and FD-GMM estimators. Simulation study indicates the advantages of the bootstrap methods under small sample cases on the assumption that variances of the individual effects and the disturbances are of similar magnitude. The boostrapped WG and FD-GMM estimators are optimal for small samples. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Panel_data, 1.00, 1), (Estimator, 0.99, 1), (Booting, 0.81, 1), (Method_of_moments_(statistics), 0.80, 1), (Sample_size, 0.80, 1), (Estimation_theory, 0.75, 2), (Operations_research, 0.74, 1), (Asymptotic_theory, 0.72, 1), (Statistics, 0.62, 1), (Statistical_inference, 0.59, 2) | |
| === 191 === ArticleID: BX2SRSH14GUHNMYO SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Can CP entanglement with the environment mask CP violation? | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0009316 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Phenomenology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We consider departures from hamiltonian dynamics in the evolution of neutral kaons due to their interactions with the environment that generate entanglement among them. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Kaon, 1.00, 2), (CP_violation, 1.00, 2), (Hamiltonian_mechanics, 1.00, 1), (Evolution, 1.00, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.96, 1), (Energy, 0.90, 1), (Classical_mechanics, 0.85, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.82, 1), (Standard_Model, 0.79, 1), (Matter, 0.65, 1), (Hamiltonian_(quantum_mechanics), 0.64, 1) | |
| === 192 === ArticleID: XUYLE4FDSUXB03LU SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: High angular resolution integral-field spectroscopy of the Galaxy's nuclear cluster: a missing stellar cusp? | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0908.0311 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics of Galaxies'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We report on the structure of the nuclear star cluster in the innermost 0.16 pc of the Galaxy as measured by the number density profile of late-type giants. Using laser guide star adaptive optics in conjunction with the integral field spectrograph, OSIRIS, at the Keck II telescope, we are able to differentiate between the older, late-type ($\sim$ 1 Gyr) stars, which are presumed to be dynamically relaxed, and the unrelaxed young ($\sim$ 6 Myr) population. This distinction is crucial for testing models of stellar cusp formation in the vicinity of a black hole, as the models assume that the cusp stars are in dynamical equilibrium in the black hole potential. Based on the late-type stars alone, the surface stellar number density profile, $\Sigma(R) \propto R^{-\Gamma}$, is flat, with $\Gamma= -0.27\pm0.19$. Monte Carlo simulations of the possible de-projected volume density profile, n(r) $\propto r^{-\gamma}$, show that $\gamma$ is less than 1.0 at the 99.73 % confidence level. These results are consistent with the nuclear star cluster having no cusp, with a core profile that is significantly flatter than predicted by most cusp formation theories, and even allows for the presence of a central hole in the stellar distribution. Of the possible dynamical interactions that can lead to the depletion of the red giants observable in this survey – stellar collisions, mass segregation from stellar remnants, or a recent merger event – mass segregation is the only one that can be ruled out as the dominant depletion mechanism. The lack of a stellar cusp around a supermassive black hole would have important implications for black hole growth models and inferences on the presence of a black hole based upon stellar distributions. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Supermassive_black_hole, 1.00, 2), (Number_density, 1.00, 1), (Adaptive_optics, 1.00, 1), (Laser_guide_star, 1.00, 1), (W._M._Keck_Observatory, 1.00, 1), (Integral_field_spectrograph, 1.00, 1), (Red_giant, 1.00, 1), (Mass_segregation, 1.00, 1), (Compact_star, 1.00, 1), (Black_hole, 1.00, 1), (Spectroscopy, 1.00, 1), (Year, 1.00, -2), (Angular_resolution, 0.99, 1), (Stellar_classification, 0.99, 1), (Monte_Carlo_method, 0.99, 1), (Galaxy, 0.97, 1), (White_dwarf, 0.82, 1), (Star_cluster, 0.80, 1), (Globular_cluster, 0.78, 1), (Star, 0.65, 1), (Milky_Way, 0.63, 1), (Supernova, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 193 === ArticleID: EYHEIDVVP1DXXE7F SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Study of the effects of Noise on a New Model Based encryption Mechanism With time stamp and Acknowledgement support in MANET & WSN environment | |
| URL: http://ijict.org/index.php/ijoat/article/view/106 | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: In this work the encryption mechanism in MANET & WSN is considered. One of the very important parameters with MANET & WSN is its low computing power availability in its real time environment. Thus Security is an equal parameter in theses environments and equally important is its low computing power. This study is based on a Mathematical model [9] being used for encryption process, which consumes less power when compared to standard algorithms like 3 DES & RSA. In this work, the model is studied for its strength against noise which is an unavoidable phenomenon with MANET & WSN s. In the considered model, an empirical value is considered which is used as a key. The process is repeated for different timings which are used as time stamps in the encryption mechanism. Thus this model generates a distributed sequence which is used as sub key. The encrypted form of data during the transmission process will be subjected to errors due to some noise sources. These errors can affect the integrity of message or data transfer. The effects of these errors are checked in the present study by modeling the error as a random number having Gaussian Probability Density Function. The random number generator modeled is used to create values of the possible data errors. These errors are stored in a sub data base which can be made use of when corrupted sub key is received at the receiver’s side. Thus when the received message after decryption is showing any ambiguity in its meaning or any integrity variations because of noise, it can be checked using the sub data base developed by the random number generator model. | |
| CONCEPTS: (MANET, 0.96, 1), (Cumulative_distribution_function, 0.95, 1), (Normal_distribution, 0.94, 1), (Random_number_generator, 0.90, 1), (RSA_(cryptosystem), 0.88, 2), (Encryption, 0.86, 1), (Cryptography, 0.79, 2), (WSN, 0.79, 1), (Probability_theory, 0.78, 1), (Probability_density_function, 0.78, 1), (Variance, 0.68, 1), (Probability_distribution, 0.64, 1) | |
| === 194 === ArticleID: X9W0FUIPFFQS42Y2 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Soft gluon radiation in Higgs boson production at the LHC | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9611272 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Phenomenology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We examine the contributions of soft gluons to the Higgs production cross section at the LHC in the Standard Model and its minimal supersymmetric extension. The soft gluon radiation effects of this reaction share many features with the Drell-Yan process, but arise at lowest order from a purely gluonic initial state. We provide an extension of the conventional soft gluon resummation formalism to include a new class of contributions which we argue to be universal, and resum these and the usual Sudakov effects to all orders. The effect of these new terms is striking: only if they are included, does the expansion of the resummed cross section to next-to-leading order reproduce the exact result to within a few percent for the full range of Higgs boson masses. We use our resummed cross section to derive next-to-next-to-leading order results, and their scale dependence. Moreover, we demonstrate the importance of including the novel contributions in the resummed Drell-Yan process. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Higgs_boson, 1.00, 2), (Gluon, 1.00, 2), (Drell–Yan_process, 1.00, 1), (LHC, 1.00, 2), (Standard_Model, 1.00, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.97, 1), (Radiation, 0.96, 1), (Supersymmetry, 0.96, 1), (Elementary_particle, 0.90, 1), (Boson, 0.81, 1), (Quantum_field_theory, 0.63, 1), (Quark, 0.57, 1) | |
| === 195 === ArticleID: XHFJ9YYMJOKL360W SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Comparison of Pain-relieving Effects of Fentanyl versus Ketorolac after Eye Amputation Surgery | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3730063/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Analgesic effect', u'Eye amputation', u'Fentanyl', u'Ketorolac', u'Postoperative nausea and vomiting'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Purpose</title><p>To investigate the analgesic effect and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) between the opioid fentanyl and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketorolac in patients who underwent eye amputation surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Retrospective observational case series. Eighty-two patients underwent evisceration or enucleation surgery by one surgeon over a 2-year period. Fentanyl by intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) at 20 µg/kg with 12 mg/kg ondansetron or intravenous ketorolac at 2 mg/kg/day was administered to patients at postoperative days 0, 1, and 2. The pain score was measured using an 11-point visual analog scale (VAS). The incidence of severe nausea requiring anti-emetics and the incidence of vomiting were reviewed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The mean postoperative VAS in the fentanyl group was significantly lower than that in the ketorolac group on the day of operation for both types of surgery (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001 and <italic>p</italic> = 0.004, respectively). At postoperative days 1 and 2, the mean VAS was not different between the two groups for either surgical type (<italic>p</italic> > 0.05 for both days). The mean VAS was significantly higher in eviscerated patients than in enucleated patients at postoperative days 0 and 1 in the fentanyl group (<italic>p</italic> = 0.023 and <italic>p</italic> = 0.016, respectively). However, this was not observed in the ketorolac group. The incidence of PONV was higher in the fentanyl group than in the ketorolac group, although this was not statistically significant for either surgical type (<italic>p</italic> > 0.05 for both groups).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Fentanyl was more effective as an analgesic than was ketorolac on the day of operation for both surgical types. There was no difference between the two analgesics on postoperative day 1. The analgesic effect of fentanyl in enucleated patients was significantly higher than in eviscerated patients at postoperative days 0 and 1. The use of fentanyl by IV-PCA was associated with greater PONV despite co-administration with anti-emetics, although this finding was not significant.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Antiemetic, 1.00, 1), (Patient-controlled_analgesia, 1.00, 1), (Fentanyl, 1.00, 2), (Non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug, 1.00, 1), (Visual_analogue_scale, 1.00, 1), (Ondansetron, 1.00, 1), (Ketorolac, 1.00, 2), (Amputation, 1.00, 1), (Opioid, 1.00, 1), (Analgesic, 0.98, 1), (Disembowelment, 0.97, 1), (Enucleation_of_the_eye, 0.95, 1), (Postoperative_nausea_and_vomiting, 0.86, 1), (Vomiting, 0.83, 1), (Anesthesia, 0.75, 2), (Paracetamol, 0.70, 1), (Ibuprofen, 0.61, 1), (Surgeon, 0.56, 1) | |
| === 196 === ArticleID: HTK2B9G7LOI61AMP SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Dipolar dark matter | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0906.1979 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Phenomenology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: If dark matter (DM) has non-zero direct or transition, electric or magnetic dipole moment then it can scatter nucleons electromagnetically in direct detection experiments. Using the results from experiments like XENON, CDMS, DAMA and COGENT we put bounds on the electric and magnetic dipole moments of DM. If DM consists of Dirac fermions with direct dipole moments, then DM of mass less than 10 GeV is consistent with the DAMA signal and with null results of other experiments. If on the other hand DM consists of Majorana fermions then they can have only non-zero transition moments between different mass eigenstates. We find that Majorana fermions with mass m_\chi> 38 GeV and mass splitting of the order of (50-200) keV can explain the DAMA signal and the null observations from other experiments and in addition give the observed relic density of DM by dipole-mediated annihilation. This parameter space for the mass and for dipole moments is allowed by limits from L 3 but may have observable signals at LHC. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Majorana_fermion, 1.00, 1), (Dirac_fermion, 1.00, 1), (Dark_matter, 1.00, 2), (Particle_physics, 0.98, 1), (Dipole, 0.88, 2), (XENON, 0.86, 1), (Magnetic_moment, 0.82, 1), (Matter, 0.78, 1), (Dipolar, 0.64, 1), (Electron, 0.62, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 197 === ArticleID: VPERVFQ7J2KCLGH4 SCORE: 1! | |
| TITLE: Anomalous localisation near the band centre in the 1D Anderson model: Hamiltonian map approach | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.2538 | |
| TAGS: [u'Disordered Systems and Neural Networks'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We present a full analytical solution for the localisation length in the one-dimensional Anderson model with weak diagonal disorder in the vicinity of the band centre. The results are obtained with the Hamiltonian map approach that turns out to be more effective than other known methods. The analytical expressions are supported by numerical data. We also discuss the implications of our results for the single-parameter scaling hypothesis. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Neural_Networks, 0.94, 0), (Anderson, 0.91, 1), (Hamiltonian_(quantum_mechanics), 0.87, 2), (Mental_disorder, 0.86, -2) | |
| === 198 === ArticleID: JNH2LB88SR3GK1PY SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Vigor Tests Used to Rank Seed Lot Quality and Predict Field Emergence in Wheat | |
| URL: http://www.scialert.net/pdfs/ajpp/2007/311-317.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'Seed quality', u'environment', u'germination', u'temperate', u'vigor', u'wheat cultivars'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between various seed quality tests and field emergence of the new and old wheat cultivars. Laboratory and field tests were conducted during 2003 and 2004 in NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar, Pakistan, to investigate the suitability of various Laboratory vigor tests, to rank quality of commercial seed lots and to predict seedling Field Emergence (FE) of thirty-two samples of four wheat varieties. Seeds of four wheat cultivars Takbeer 2000, Haider 2000, Bakhtawar-92 and Fakhri Sarhad were produced in eight different location of NWFP-Pakistan during 2003 and 2004. Mature seeds were harvested, threshed and cleaned before determining standard germination and other vigor tests. Results showed that among all tests, Germination Index (GI), Accelerated Aging (AA) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) provided the best estimate of seed vigor for the four wheat cultivars, both for ranking seed lots quality and predicting field emergence. The GI, AA and EC tests better indicated seed lot quality and predicted FE than SG of the four cultivars over the 2 years followed by Radical Length (RL). The Electrical Conductivity (EC) result was not only poorly related to FE, but also poorly related to the Standard Germination (SG) of a wide range of seed lots of the four varieties that varied in viability. Initial count of Standard Germination (SGi) generally performed more poorly than the other vigor tests. From this study and previous work on wheat crop, we conclude that GI, AA and EC test for wheat crop have the potential to be developed as improved vigor tests for ranking seed lot quality and predicting seeding performance under temperate regions of the world. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Wheat, 1.00, 2), (Threshing, 1.00, 1), (Temperate_climate, 1.00, 1), (Germination, 1.00, 2), (Seed, 0.99, 1), (North-West_Frontier_Province, 0.87, 2), (Haider, 0.73, 1), (Seedling, 0.65, 1) | |
| === 199 === ArticleID: SPGNLMR9K0KHORGF SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Metastability and Transient Effects in Vortex Matter Near a Decoupling Transition | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0304352 | |
| TAGS: [u'Superconductivity'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We examine metastable and transient effects both above and below the first-order decoupling line in a 3 D simulation of magnetically interacting pancake vortices. We observe pronounced transient and history effects as well as supercooling and superheating between the 3 D coupled, ordered and 2 D decoupled, disordered phases. In the disordered supercooled state as a function of DC driving, reordering occurs through the formation of growing moving channels of the ordered phase. No channels form in the superheated region; instead the ordered state is homogeneously destroyed. When a sequence of current pulses is applied we observe memory effects. We find a ramp rate dependence of the V(I) curves on both sides of the decoupling transition. The critical current that we obtain depends on how the system is prepared. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Superconductivity, 1.00, 2), (Order_and_disorder_(physics), 1.00, 2), (Supercooling, 1.00, 1), (Vortex, 0.95, 1), (Condensed_matter_physics, 0.90, 1), (Superheater, 0.87, 1), (Nucleation, 0.79, 1), (Superheating, 0.72, 1), (Liquid, 0.72, 1), (Phase_(matter), 0.66, 1), (Boiling_point, 0.66, 1) | |
| === 200 === ArticleID: QTJJG2TLHVI60QHB SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: HUGO: Hierarchical mUlti-reference Genome cOmpression for aligned reads | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3932469/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background and objective</title><p>Short-read sequencing is becoming the standard of practice for the study of structural variants associated with disease. However, with the growth of sequence data largely surpassing reasonable storage capability, the biomedical community is challenged with the management, transfer, archiving, and storage of sequence data.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We developed Hierarchical mUlti-reference Genome cOmpression (HUGO), a novel compression algorithm for aligned reads in the sorted Sequence Alignment/Map (SAM) format. We first aligned short reads against a reference genome and stored exactly mapped reads for compression. For the inexact mapped or unmapped reads, we realigned them against different reference genomes using an adaptive scheme by gradually shortening the read length. Regarding the base quality value, we offer lossy and lossless compression mechanisms. The lossy compression mechanism for the base quality values uses k-means clustering, where a user can adjust the balance between decompression quality and compression rate. The lossless compression can be produced by setting k (the number of clusters) to the number of different quality values.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The proposed method produced a compression ratio in the range 0.5–0.65, which corresponds to 35–50% storage savings based on experimental datasets. The proposed approach achieved 15% more storage savings over CRAM and comparable compression ratio with Samcomp (CRAM and Samcomp are two of the state-of-the-art genome compression algorithms). The software is freely available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" ns0:href="https://sourceforge. net/projects/hierachicaldnac/">https://sourceforge. net/projects/hierachicaldnac/</ext-link>with a General Public License (GPL) license.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitation</title><p>Our method requires having different reference genomes and prolongs the execution time for additional alignments.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The proposed multi-reference-based compression algorithm for aligned reads outperforms existing single-reference based algorithms.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Lossless_compression, 1.00, 1), (Reference_genome, 1.00, 2), (K-means_clustering, 1.00, 1), (Algorithm, 1.00, 2), (HUGO, 1.00, 2), (Compression_ratio, 0.99, 1), (Data_compression, 0.98, 2), (Lossy_compression, 0.95, 1), (Decompression_(diving), 0.93, -1), (Lossless_data_compression, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 201 === ArticleID: 9L71WTJ9R47EQBEV SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: A connection between multiresolution wavelet theory of scale N and representations of the Cuntz algebra O_N | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/funct-an/9612006 | |
| TAGS: [u'Functional analysis', u'Lie groups', u'Number theory', u'Operator Algebras', u'Operator theory', u'Topological groups', u'analysis', u'distribution spaces', u'infinite-dimensional holomorphy', u'integral transforms'] | |
| ABSTRACT: In this paper we give a short survey of a connection between the theory of wavelets in L^2(R) and certain representations of the Cuntz algebra on L^2(T). | |
| CONCEPTS: (Functional_analysis, 1.00, 1), (Wavelet, 1.00, 1), (Mathematics, 0.96, 2), (Algebra, 0.91, 1), (Hilbert_space, 0.77, 2), (Geometry, 0.76, 1), (Vector_space, 0.64, 1), (Real_number, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 202 === ArticleID: ICD65PD58HY87867 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Roles of Piwi Proteins in Transcriptional Regulation Mediated by HP1s in Cultured Silkworm Cells | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3956929/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Piwi proteins are part of a superfamily of Argonaute proteins, which are one of the core components of the RNA silencing pathway in many eukaryotes. Piwi proteins are thought to repress the transposon expression both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. Recently, <italic>Drosophila melanogaster</italic> Piwi was recently reported to associate with chromatin and to interact directly with the Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP 1a). However, similar interactions have not been reported in other higher eukaryotes. Here we show that silkworm Piwi proteins interact with HP 1s in the nucleus. The silkworm, <italic>Bombyx mori</italic>, has two Piwi proteins, Ago3 and Siwi, and two typical HP 1 proteins, HP 1a and HP 1b. We found that HP 1a plays an important role in the interaction between Ago3/Siwi and HP 1b in the ovary-derived BmN 4 cell line. We also found that Ago3/Siwi regulates the transcription in an HP 1-dependent manner. These results suggest that silkworm Piwi proteins function as a chromatin regulator in collaboration with HP 1a and HP 1b.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Chromatin, 1.00, 1), (Eukaryote, 1.00, 1), (Heterochromatin_protein_1, 1.00, 1), (Bombyx_mori, 1.00, 1), (Bombyx, 1.00, 1), (Piwi, 1.00, 1), (Transposable_element, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (Gene_expression, 0.98, 2), (Argonaute, 0.98, 1), (DNA, 0.98, 1), (Drosophila_melanogaster, 0.98, 1), (HP, 0.94, 1), (Cell_nucleus, 0.93, 1), (Cell_(biology), 0.84, 1), (Gene, 0.80, 1), (RNA, 0.73, 1), (RNA_interference, 0.68, 1) | |
| === 203 === ArticleID: 4SNZAQB7N58HWQ6N SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: PAV ontology: Provenance, Authoring and Versioning | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.7224 | |
| TAGS: [u'ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE', u'Collection', u'Computing Methodologies', u'DATABASE MANAGEMENT', u'DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING', u'Data models', u'Digital Libraries', u'Dissemination', u'Electronic Publishing', u'Frames and scripts', u'INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL', u'Information Retrieval', u'Information Systems', u'Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods', u'Logical Design', u'Modal logic', u'Normal forms', u'Predicate logic', u'Relation systems', u'Representation languages', u'Representations (procedural and rule-based)', u'Schema and subschema', u'Semantic networks', u'Standards', u'Systems issues', u'Temporal logic', u'User issues'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Provenance is a critical ingredient for establishing trust of published scientific content. This is true whether we are considering a data set, a computational workflow, a peer-reviewed publication or a simple scientific claim with supportive evidence. Existing vocabularies such as DC Terms and the W 3 C PROV-O are domain-independent and general-purpose and they allow and encourage for extensions to cover more specific needs. We identify the specific need for identifying or distinguishing between the various roles assumed by agents manipulating digital artifacts, such as author, contributor and curator. We present the Provenance, Authoring and Versioning ontology (PAV): a lightweight ontology for capturing just enough descriptions essential for tracking the provenance, authoring and versioning of web resources. We argue that such descriptions are essential for digital scientific content. PAV distinguishes between contributors, authors and curators of content and creators of representations in addition to the provenance of originating resources that have been accessed, transformed and consumed. We explore five projects (and communities) that have adopted PAV illustrating their usage through concrete examples. Moreover, we present mappings that show how PAV extends the PROV-O ontology to support broader interoperability. The authors strived to keep PAV lightweight and compact by including only those terms that have demonstrated to be pragmatically useful in existing applications, and by recommending terms from existing ontologies when plausible. We analyze and compare PAV with related approaches, namely Provenance Vocabulary, DC Terms and BIBFRAME. We identify similarities and analyze their differences with PAV, outlining strengths and weaknesses of our proposed model. We specify SKOS mappings that align PAV with DC Terms. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning, 1.00, 1), (Information_retrieval, 1.00, 2), (Modal_logic, 1.00, 1), (Predicate_logic, 1.00, 1), (Semantic_network, 1.00, 1), (Logic, 1.00, 1), (PAV, 0.94, 1), (Temporal_logic, 0.89, 1), (Ontology, 0.83, 1), (Arthur_Prior, 0.61, 0), (Philosophy_of_mathematics, 0.58, 1), (Electronic_Publishing, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 204 === ArticleID: TWMTDEYHUTXMCRGI SCORE: 1! | |
| TITLE: The plasma-insulator transition of spin-polarized Hydrogen | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0002198 | |
| TAGS: [u'Disordered Systems and Neural Networks', u'Statistical Mechanics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: A mixed classical-quantum density functional theory is used to calculate pair correlations and the free energy of a spin-polarized Hydrogen plasma. A transition to an atomic insulator phase is estimated to occur around r_s=2.5 at T=10^4 K, and a pressure $P\approx0.5 Mbar$. Spin polarization is imposed to prevent the formation of H_2 molecules. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Bar_(unit), 1.00, 1), (Spin_polarization, 1.00, 1), (Spin_(magazine), 0.99, -1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.99, 1), (Insulator_(electricity), 0.98, 1), (Plasma_(physics), 0.97, 2), (Statistical_Mechanics, 0.89, 1), (Schrödinger_equation, 0.74, 1), (Physics, 0.71, 1), (Density_functional_theory, 0.63, 1), (Water, 0.61, -2), (Chemistry, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 205 === ArticleID: 64T8ASQ8QZSAHCUX SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: A simple analysis of halo density profiles using gravitational lensing time delays | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0609293 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Gravitational lensing time delays depend upon the Hubble constant and the density distribution of the lensing galaxies. This allows one to either model the lens and estimate the Hubble constant, or to use a prior on the Hubble constant from other studies and investigate what the preferred density distribution is. Some studies have required compact dark matter halos (constant M/L ratio) in order to reconcile gravitational lenses with the HST/WMAP value of the Hubble constant (72 +/- 8 km/s /Mpc and 72 +/- 5 km/s /Mpc, respectively). This is in direct contradiction with X-ray, stellar dynamical, and weak lensing studies, which all point towards extended halos and isothermal density profiles. In this work, we examine an up-to-date sample of 13 lensing galaxies resulting in a data set consisting of 21 time delays. We select systems in which there is a single primary lensing galaxy (e. g. excluding systems undergoing mergers). Analysis is performed using analytic models based upon a powerlaw density profile (rho \propto r^-n) of which the isothermal profile is a special case (n = 2). This yields a value of n = 2.11+/-0.12 (3sigma) for the mean profile when modeling with a prior on the Hubble constant, which is only consistent with isothermality within 3 sigma. Note that this is a formal error from our calculations, and does not include the impact of sample selection or simplifications in the lens modeling. We conclude that time delays are a useful probe of density profiles, in particular as a function of the environment in which the lens resides, when combined with a prior on the Hubble constant. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Dark_matter_halo, 1.00, 2), (Hubble's_law, 1.00, 1), (Parsec, 1.00, 1), (X-ray, 0.99, 1), (Dark_matter, 0.97, 1), (Galaxy, 0.96, 1), (Isothermal_process, 0.94, 1), (Gravitational_lensing, 0.77, 2), (Redshift, 0.72, 1), (General_relativity, 0.69, 1), (Data_set, 0.69, 1), (Big_Bang, 0.61, 1), (Physical_cosmology, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 206 === ArticleID: P1UC0WDZFKTYRBQY SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: The histone methyltransferase SUV420H2 and Heterochromatin Proteins HP1 interact but show different dynamic behaviours | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2701926/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p>Histone lysine methylation plays a fundamental role in chromatin organization and marks distinct chromatin regions. In particular, trimethylation at lysine 9 of histone H 3 (H 3 K 9) and at lysine 20 of histone H 4 (H 4 K 20) governed by the histone methyltransferases SUV 39 H 1/2 and SUV 420 H 1/2 respectively, have emerged as a hallmark of pericentric heterochromatin. Controlled chromatin organization is crucial for gene expression regulation and genome stability. Therefore, it is essential to analyze mechanisms responsible for high order chromatin packing and in particular the interplay between enzymes involved in histone modifications, such as histone methyltransferases and proteins that recognize these epigenetic marks.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>To gain insights into the mechanisms of SUV 420 H 2 recruitment at heterochromatin, we applied a tandem affinity purification approach coupled to mass spectrometry. We identified heterochromatin proteins HP 1 as main interacting partners. The regions responsible for the binding were mapped to the heterochromatic targeting module of SUV 420 H 2 and HP 1 chromoshadow domain. We studied the dynamic properties of SUV 420 H 2 and the HP 1 in living cells using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Our results showed that HP 1 proteins are highly mobile with different dynamics during the cell cycle, whereas SUV 420 H 2 remains strongly bound to pericentric heterochromatin. An 88 amino-acids region of SUV 420 H 2, the heterochromatic targeting module, recapitulates both, HP 1 binding and strong association to heterochromatin.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>FRAP experiments reveal that in contrast to HP 1, SUV 420 H 2 is strongly associated to pericentric heterochromatin. Then, the fraction of SUV 420 H 2 captured and characterized by TAP/MS is a soluble fraction which may be in a stable association with HP 1. Consequently, SUV 420 H 2 may be recruited to heterochromatin in association with HP 1, and stably maintained at its heterochromatin sites in an HP 1-independent fashion.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Chromatin, 1.00, 2), (Photobleaching, 1.00, 1), (Tandem_affinity_purification, 1.00, 1), (Heterochromatin, 1.00, 2), (Histone_methyltransferase, 1.00, 2), (Lysine, 1.00, 1), (Histone, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (Mass_spectrometry, 1.00, 1), (Epigenetics, 1.00, 1), (Gene, 1.00, 1), (Fluorescence, 1.00, 1), (SUV, 1.00, 1), (DNA, 0.98, 2), (Methylation, 0.97, 1), (Gene_expression, 0.87, 2), (HP, 0.83, 1), (Cell_nucleus, 0.82, 1), (Cell_(biology), 0.63, 1) | |
| === 207 === ArticleID: JP2P4W3XMX9Q7RWC SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Curvelet analysis of asteroseismic data I: Method description and application to simulated sun-like stars | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0604092 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Context: The detection and identification of oscillation modes (in terms of their $\ell$, $m$ and successive $n$) is a great challenge for present and future asteroseismic space missions. The "peak tagging" is an important step in the analysis of these data to provide estimations of stellar oscillation mode parameters, i. e., frequencies, rotation rates, and further studies on the stellar structure. Aims: To increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the asteroseismic spectra computed from time series representative of MOST and CoRoT observations (30- and 150-day observations). Methods: We apply the curvelet transform – a recent image processing technique which looks for curved patterns – to echelle diagrams built using asteroseismic power spectra. In this diagram the eigenfrequencies appear as smooth continuous ridges. To test the method we use Monte Carlo simulations of several sun-like stars with different combinations of rotation rates, rotation-axis inclination and signal-to-noise ratios. Results: The filtered diagrams enhance the contrast between the ridges of the modes and the background allowing a better tagging of the modes and a better extraction of some stellar parameters. Monte Carlo simulations have also shown that the region where modes can be detected is enlarged at lower and higher frequencies compared to the raw spectra. Even more, the extraction of the mean rotational splitting from modes at low frequency can be done more easily than using the raw spectrum. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Solar_analog, 1.00, 2), (Asteroseismology, 1.00, 2), (Signal-to-noise_ratio, 1.00, 1), (Eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors, 1.00, 1), (Time_series, 1.00, 1), (Star, 0.99, 2), (Monte_Carlo_method, 0.99, 1), (Monte_Carlo, 0.96, 1), (Simulation, 0.93, 2), (Rotation, 0.88, 1), (Frequency, 0.87, 1), (Normal_mode, 0.84, 1), (Monte_Carlo_methods_in_finance, 0.71, -1), (Representative, 0.70, 1), (Image_processing, 0.70, 1) | |
| === 208 === ArticleID: 9333EO8SJ2W1NE6M SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Mesoscopic relaxation time of dynamic image correlation spectroscopy | |
| URL: http://www.scirp.org/journal/paperdownload.aspx?doi=10.4236/jbise.2010.36085 | |
| TAGS: [u'Dynamical states', u'Image Correlation Spectroscopy', u'Relaxation Time'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Dynamical images contain useful information of how the objects behave in time and space. When the system is in biological fluids, the motion of the object is much over-damped; the relaxation time is the characteristics in a diffusive time scale. We have found dynamical states of melting and forming of small nematic domains (10—30 μm) that are exhibited in the suspensions of fd-viruses under applied AC electric field amplitude at low frequency. Dynamic image correlation function is used for extracting the mes- oscopic relaxation times of the dynamical states, which can be employed as an application to other dynamic imaging process of biologically relevant soft condensed matter and biomedical systems. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Spectroscopy, 1.00, 2), (Amplitude, 1.00, 1), (Damping, 1.00, 1), (Time, 0.99, 1), (Relaxation_(physics), 0.97, 2), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.87, 1), (Physics, 0.80, 1), (IMAGE, 0.79, 1), (Condensed_matter_physics, 0.64, 1), (Space, 0.63, 1), (Colloid, 0.58, 1), (Physical_quantities, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 209 === ArticleID: 8M2ZEWCAE58PIISF SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: A hybrid ACO approach to the Matrix Bandwidth Minimization Problem | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1208.5333 | |
| TAGS: [u'Artificial Intelligence', u'Computer science', u'Neural and Evolutionary Computing'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The evolution of the human society raises more and more difficult endeavors. For some of the real-life problems, the computing time-restriction enhances their complexity. The Matrix Bandwidth Minimization Problem (MBMP) seeks for a simultaneous permutation of the rows and the columns of a square matrix in order to keep its nonzero entries close to the main diagonal. The MBMP is a highly investigated P-complete problem, as it has broad applications in industry, logistics, artificial intelligence or information recovery. This paper describes a new attempt to use the Ant Colony Optimization framework in tackling MBMP. The introduced model is based on the hybridization of the Ant Colony System technique with new local search mechanisms. Computational experiments confirm a good performance of the proposed algorithm for the considered set of MBMP instances. | |
| CONCEPTS: (P-complete, 1.00, 1), (Main_diagonal, 1.00, 1), (Algorithm, 1.00, 1), (Artificial_Intelligence, 1.00, 1), (Evolution, 1.00, 1), (ACO, 0.97, 1), (Logistics, 0.97, 1), (The_Matrix, 0.87, -1), (Computer_science, 0.82, 1), (Computer, 0.81, 1), (Neural_and_Evolutionary_Computing, 0.76, 1), (Science, 0.74, 1), (Computing, 0.73, 1), (Ant_Colony_Optimization, 0.66, 1) | |
| === 210 === ArticleID: 496LC8U4KD0UC9DZ SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Pulmonary and gastrointestinal exposure to cadmium oxide dust in a battery factory. | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc1637525/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>The elimination of cadmium in feces was studied in a group of 15 male workers exposed to cadmium oxide dust in a nickel-cadmium battery factory. The elimination of cadmium in feces was on the average 619 and 268 microgram/day in seven smokers and eight nonsmokers, respectively. The corresponding ranges were 97-2577 and 31-1102 microgram/day. The cadmium concentrations in blood were significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers, both before and after one month of vacation. Among the smokers there was a significant decrease in the cadmium concentrations during the vacation period, but not among the nonsmokers. It was estimated that cadmium naturally occurring in food and cigarettes, cadmium excreted from the gastrointestinal tract, and cadmium transported from the lungs by mucocillary clearance to the gastrointestinal tract only could explain up to 100 microgram of the cadmium in the feces. Since even among some nonsmokers much higher values for fecal cadmium were recorded, this was interpreted as being the result of ingestion of cadmium from contaminated hands and other body surfaces. Among the smokers, direct oral contact with contaminated cigarettes or pipes is an additional factor; the smokers also inhale cadmium in the tobacco smoke from contaminated cigarettes. Part of that cadmium is transferred to the gastrointestinal tract by mucociliary clearance and also adds to the fecal cadmium.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Cadmium_oxide, 1.00, 2), (Nickel–cadmium_battery, 1.00, 2), (Mucociliary_clearance, 1.00, 2), (Body_surface_area, 1.00, 1), (Microgram, 1.00, 1), (Cadmium, 1.00, 1), (Feces, 1.00, 1), (Tobacco, 1.00, 1), (Human_gastrointestinal_tract, 1.00, 2), (Gastrointestinal_tract, 0.88, 1), (Coprophagia, 0.63, -2), (Rechargeable_battery, 0.62, 1) | |
| === 211 === ArticleID: H8S76WGX4A8B8DH0 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Expression of PaNAC01, a Picea abies CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON orthologue, is regulated by polar auxin transport and associated with differentiation of the shoot apical meristem and formation of separated cotyledons | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3423809/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Angiosperm', u'CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDONS (CUC)', u'NAC, Picea abies', u'P. glauca', u'embryo patterning', u'gymnosperm', u'polar auxin transport (PAT)', u'shoot apical meristem (SAM)', u'somatic embryogenesis'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background and Aims</title><p>During embryo development in most gymnosperms, the establishment of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) occurs concomitantly with the formation of a crown of cotyledons surrounding the SAM. It has previously been shown that the differentiation of cotyledons in somatic embryos of <italic>Picea abies</italic> is dependent on polar auxin transport (PAT). In the angiosperm model plant, <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic>, the establishment of cotyledonary boundaries and the embryonal SAM is dependent on PAT and the expression of the <italic>CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON</italic> (<italic>CUC</italic>) genes, which belong to the large <italic>NAC</italic> gene family. The aim of this study was to characterize <italic>CUC</italic>-like genes in a gymnosperm, and to elucidate their expression during SAM and cotyledon differentiation, and in response to PAT.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Sixteen <italic>Picea glauca NAC</italic> sequences were identified in GenBank and deployed to different clades within the <italic>NAC</italic> gene family using maximum parsimony analysis and Bayesian inference. Motifs conserved between angiosperms and gymnosperms were analysed using the motif discovery tool MEME. Expression profiles during embryo development were produced using quantitative real-time PCR. Protein conservation was analysed by introducing a <italic>P. abies CUC</italic> orthologue into the <italic>A. thaliana cuc1cuc2</italic> double mutant.</p></sec><sec><title>Key Results</title><p>Two full-length <italic>CUC</italic>-like cDNAs denoted <italic>PaNAC 01</italic> and <italic>PaNAC 02</italic> were cloned from <italic>P. abies.</italic> PaNAC 01, but not PaNAC 02, harbours previously characterized functional motifs in CUC 1 and CUC 2. The expression profile of <italic>PaNAC 01</italic> showed that the gene is PAT regulated and associated with SAM differentiation and cotyledon formation. Furthermore, <italic>PaNAC 01</italic> could functionally substitute for <italic>CUC 2</italic> in the <italic>A. thaliana cuc1cuc2</italic> double mutant.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The results show that <italic>CUC</italic>-like genes with distinct signature motifs existed before the separation of angiosperms and gymnosperms approx. 300 million years ago, and suggest a conserved function between PaNAC 01 and CUC 1/CUC 2.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Maximum_parsimony_(phylogenetics), 1.00, 1), (Gymnosperm, 1.00, 1), (Picea_abies, 1.00, 1), (GenBank, 1.00, 1), (Picea_glauca, 1.00, 1), (Cotyledon, 1.00, 1), (Arabidopsis_thaliana, 1.00, 1), (Gene, 1.00, 1), (Embryo, 1.00, 1), (Bayesian_inference, 1.00, 1), (Embryogenesis, 1.00, 1), (Plant, 0.97, 1), (Homology_(biology), 0.97, 1), (Auxin, 0.91, 1), (Meristem, 0.91, 1), (Mutant, 0.90, 1), (Seed, 0.84, 1), (Developmental_biology, 0.74, 2), (Cellular_differentiation, 0.70, 2), (PAT, 0.64, 1) | |
| === 212 === ArticleID: ICQ45PMW0WU924GS SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Analysis of photon-atom entanglement generated by Faraday rotation in a cavity | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0601180 | |
| TAGS: [u'Quantum Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Faraday rotation based on AC Stark shifts is a mechanism that can entangle the polarization variables of photons and atoms. We analyze the structure of such entanglement by using the Schmidt decomposition method. The time-dependence of entanglement entropy and the effective Schmidt number are derived for Gaussian amplitudes. In particular we show how the entanglement is controlled by the initial fluctuations of atoms and photons. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Schmidt_decomposition, 1.00, 1), (Quantum_entanglement, 1.00, 2), (Schmidt_number, 1.00, 1), (Atom, 1.00, 2), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.94, 1), (Photon, 0.92, 2), (Schmidt, 0.90, 1), (Matter, 0.89, 1), (Physics, 0.82, 1), (Light, 0.80, 1), (Chemistry, 0.80, 1), (Energy, 0.74, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.71, 1) | |
| === 213 === ArticleID: 555XTS3M5RO9HXQL SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: Studies of polymer surface topography by means of optical profilometry | |
| URL: http://www.if.pwr.wroc.pl/~optappl/pdf/2010/no4/optappl_4004p767.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'optical profilometry', u'thin polymeric films'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The optical reflection measurements of polyvinylocarbazole (PVK) and polyazomethine (PPI) thin films have been done by means of optical profilometry (OP) exhibiting many advantages in surface and subsurface investigations. The obtained OP images clearly demonstrate that the thickness of the polymer films under investigation is not uniform over their lateral dimensions. For the PVK thin film, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) in the inverse space of the OP image is also presented along with distribution of the surface highs. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Fast_Fourier_transform, 1.00, 1), (Thin_film, 0.98, 1), (Discrete_Fourier_transform, 0.96, 1), (Convolution, 0.92, 1), (Convolution_theorem, 0.78, 1), (Discrete_cosine_transform, 0.73, 1), (Discrete_Hartley_transform, 0.69, 1), (Split-radix_FFT_algorithm, 0.69, 1) | |
| === 214 === ArticleID: FWB9OO5E8MIT4LGQ SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: On Maximal Green Sequences For Type A Quivers | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1403.6149 | |
| TAGS: [u'Associative rings', u'Combinatorics', u'Commutative Algebra', u'Commutative rings and algebras', u'Representation Theory', u'associative algebras'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Given a framed quiver, i. e. one with a frozen vertex associated to each mutable vertex, there is a concept of green mutation, as introduced by Keller. Maximal sequences of such mutations, known as maximal green sequences, are important in representation theory and physics as they have numerous applications, including the computations of spectrums of BPS states, Donaldson-Thomas invariants, tilting of hearts in the derived category, and quantum dilogarithm identities. In this paper, we study such sequences and construct a maximal green sequence for every quiver mutation-equivalent to an orientation of a type A Dynkin diagram. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Associative_algebra, 1.00, 1), (Algebra, 1.00, 1), (Physics, 1.00, 1), (Derived_category, 1.00, 1), (Commutative_ring, 1.00, 1), (Mutation, 0.99, 1), (Green, 0.96, 1), (Vector_space, 0.96, 1), (Dynkin_diagram, 0.94, 1), (Dilogarithm, 0.86, 1), (Keller, 0.82, 1), (Group_(mathematics), 0.74, 1), (Matrix_(mathematics), 0.66, 1), (Mathematics, 0.66, 1), (Geometry, 0.62, 1), (Elementary_algebra, 0.62, 1), (Abstract_algebra, 0.57, 1) | |
| === 215 === ArticleID: AG80WWIFL8UH71LK SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Meta-Analysis Indicates That the European GWAS-Identified Risk SNP rs1344706 within ZNF804A Is Not Associated with Schizophrenia in Han Chinese Population | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3680487/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Recent genetic association studies have implicated several candidate susceptibility variants for schizophrenia among general populations. Rs1344706, an intronic SNP within ZNF 804 A, was identified as one of the most compelling candidate risk SNPs for schizophrenia in Europeans through genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and replications as well as large-scale meta-analyses. However, in Han Chinese, the results for rs1344706 are inconsistent, and whether rs1344706 is an authentic risk SNP for schizophrenia in Han Chinese is inconclusive. Here, we conducted a systematic meta-analysis of rs1344706 with schizophrenia in Chinese population by combining all available case-control samples (N = 12), including a total of 8,982 cases and 12,342 controls. The results of our meta-analysis were not able to confirm an association of rs1344706 A-allele with schizophrenia (p = 0.10, odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = 0.99–1.13). Such absence of association was further confirmed by the non-superiority test (p = 0.0003), suggesting that rs1344706 is not a risk SNP for schizophrenia in Han Chinese. Detailed examinations of individual samples revealed potential sampling bias in previous replication studies in Han Chinese. The absence of rs1344706 association in Han Chinese suggest a potential genetic heterogeneity in the susceptibility of schizophrenia on this locus and also demonstrate the difficulties in replicating genome-wide association findings of schizophrenia across different ethnic populations.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Meta-analysis, 1.00, 2), (Odds_ratio, 1.00, 1), (Confidence_interval, 1.00, 1), (Sampling_bias, 1.00, 1), (Schizophrenia, 1.00, 2), (Han_Chinese, 1.00, 2), (Locus_(genetics), 0.95, 1), (World_population, 0.86, 1), (China, 0.81, 1), (Scottish_National_Party, 0.80, -2), (Genome-wide_association_study, 0.77, 1), (Sampling_(statistics), 0.74, 1), (Genetics, 0.70, 2), (Replication, 0.68, 1), (Genetic_association, 0.67, 1), (DNA_replication, 0.67, 1), (Voluntary_association, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 216 === ArticleID: YTXYLW9NRJ8010UO SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Mid-term Outcomes of Side-to-Side Stapled Anastomosis in Cervical Esophagogastrostomy | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2721924/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Anastomosis, Surgical', u'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', u'Esophageal Neoplasms', u'Side-to-Side Stapled Anastomosis', u'Suture Techniques'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>This study was conducted to evaluate the mid-term results of cervical esophagogastric anastomosis using a side-to-side stapled anastomosis method for treatment of patients with malignant esophageal disease. A total of 13 patients were reviewed retrospectively from January 2001 to November 2005 who underwent total esophagectomy through a right thoracotomy, gastric tube formation through a midline laparotomy and finally a cervical esophagogastric anastomosis. Average patient age was 62.6 yr old and the male to female ratio was 11:2. The mean anastomosis time was measured to be about 32.5 min; all patients were followed for about 22.8±9.9 months postoperatively. There were no early or late mortalities. There were no complications of anastomosis site leakage or conduit necrosis. A mild anastomotic stricture was noted in one patient, and required two endoscopic bougination procedures at postoperative 4th month. Construction of a cervical esophagogastric anastomosis by side-to-side stapled anastomosis is relatively easy to apply and can be performed in a timely manner. Follow up outcomes are very good. We, therefore, suggest that the side-to-side stapled anastomosis could be used as a safe and effective option for cervical esophagogastric anastomosis.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Thoracotomy, 1.00, 1), (Esophagectomy, 1.00, 1), (Laparotomy, 1.00, 1), (Neoplasm, 1.00, 2), (Necrosis, 1.00, 1), (Anastomosis, 1.00, 1), (Squamous_cell_carcinoma, 0.95, 2), (Cervical_Esophagogastrostomy, 0.84, 2), (Nasogastric_intubation, 0.81, 1), (Barrett's_esophagus, 0.74, 1), (Cancer, 0.74, 1), (Surgery, 0.68, 2), (Esophageal_disease, 0.66, 1) | |
| === 217 === ArticleID: 5BFHI748MGJMT3I4 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR IN FERTILE AND INFERTILE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE TRACT IN VIVO | |
| URL: http://journals.tums.ac.ir/pdfmed.aspx?pdf_med=/upload_files/pdf/4444.pdf&manuscript_id=4444 | |
| TAGS: [u'Endometrium', u'Fopian Tube', u'Human', u'Implantation', u'Lif'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Maternal leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is required for successful implantation in mice, but little is known about its role and expression in human reproduction. Here we report on the pattern of LIF mRNA expression in 30 samples of previously fertile and 11 infertile human endometrium, 10 samples of previously fertile post-menopausal endometrium and 10 uterine (Fallopian) tubes from pre¬viously fertile women using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). All samples were removed with informed patient consent and Ethical Sheffield university Committee approval. Pieces of each sample were processed for electron microscopy to confirm tissue normality and stage of cycle. LIF mRNA was expressed throughout most of the secretory phase (from about day 18 of the cycle) and menstruation phase (days 1-4 of cycles) in fertile women. However it was not expressed during the proliferative phase. In addition LIF mRNA was absent from the uterine tube at all stages of the cycle and from the postmeno¬pausal and infertile tissue. These results suggest that LIF is expressed in a men¬strual cycle-dependent manner in fertile human endometrium and its expression is likely to be under hormonal control and is not dependent on pregnancy. In addition, our results showed lack of LIF production in infertile women, which may suggest a role for LIF in fertility. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Fallopian_tube, 1.00, 1), (Endometrium, 1.00, 1), (Leukemia_inhibitory_factor, 1.00, 2), (VIVO, 1.00, 1), (Pregnancy, 1.00, 2), (LIF, 0.95, 1), (Menstrual_cycle, 0.95, 1), (Reproduction, 0.88, 1), (Pausa, 0.85, 1), (Implantation, 0.81, 2), (Fertility, 0.80, 1), (Electron_microscope, 0.77, 1), (Uterus, 0.59, 1), (Infertility, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 218 === ArticleID: 5JKRJYHYDCQNV8OX SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: The Australian Paradox | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3347006/ | |
| TAGS: [u'n/a'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Nutrients recently became the target of an unprecedented internet campaign by an individual who disagrees with the content and conclusions of a paper published in the journal last year, viz. “The Australian Paradox: A Substantial Decline in Sugars Intake over the Same Timeframe that Overweight and Obesity Have Increased” by Alan W. Barclay and Jennie Brand-Miller, Nutrients 2011, 3, 491–504. Regrettably, his criticism has extended to the journal and its peer review processes for permitting publication of the article. [...] | |
| CONCEPTS: (Australia, 0.97, 2), (Nutrition, 0.94, 2), (Overweight_and_Obesity, 0.93, 2), (Academic_publishing, 0.85, 1), (Alan_W._Barclay, 0.78, 1), (Jennie_Brand-Miller, 0.76, 1), (Identity_(philosophy), 0.64, -2) | |
| === 219 === ArticleID: DMC5PCZS9EJ9IURL SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Symmetries and geometrically implied nonlinearities in mechanics and field theory | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0911.3818 | |
| TAGS: [u'Mathematical Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Discussed is relationship between nonlinearity and symmetry of dynamical models. The special stress is laid on essential, non-perturbative nonlinearity, when none linear background does exist. This is nonlinearity essentially different from ones given by nonlinear corrections imposed onto some linear background. In a sense our ideas follow and develop those underlying Born-Infeld electrodynamics and general relativity. We are particularly interested in affine symmetry of degrees of freedom and dynamical models. Discussed are mechanical geodetic models where the elastic dynamics of the body is not encoded in potential energy but rather in affinely-invariant kinetic energy, i. e., in affinely-invariant metric tensors on the configuration space. In a sense this resembles the idea of Maupertuis variational principle. We discuss also the dynamics of the field of linear frames, invariant under the action of linear group of internal symmetries. It turns out that such models have automatically the generalized Born-Infeld structure. This is some new justification of Born-Infeld ideas. The suggested models may be applied in nonlinear elasticity and in mechanics of relativistic continua with microstructure. They provide also some alternative models of gravitation theory. There exists also some interesting relationship with the theory of nonlinear integrable lattices. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Gravitation, 1.00, 1), (Non-perturbative, 1.00, 1), (General_relativity, 1.00, 1), (Kinetic_energy, 1.00, 1), (Variational_principle, 0.99, 1), (Configuration_space, 0.99, 1), (Classical_electromagnetism, 0.98, 1), (Nonlinear_system, 0.98, 1), (Metric_tensor, 0.97, 1), (Classical_mechanics, 0.95, 1), (Geodesy, 0.93, 1), (Physics, 0.91, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.86, 1), (Field_(physics), 0.82, 1), (Deformation_(mechanics), 0.81, 1), (Energy, 0.78, 1), (Geometry, 0.74, 1), (Potential_energy, 0.66, 1) | |
| === 220 === ArticleID: FC58GLP8GN0OCJD5 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: High temperature ferromagnetism in GdFe2Zn20: large, local moments embedded in the nearly ferromagnetic Fermi liquid compound YFe2Zn20 | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0606615 | |
| TAGS: [u'Strongly Correlated Electrons'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The RFe$_2$Zn$_{20}$ series manifests strongly correlated electron behavior for the non-magnetic R = Y member and remarkably high temperature, ferromagnetic ordering ($T_C$ = 86 K) for the local moment bearing R = Gd member (a compound that is less than 5% atomic Gd). In contrast, the isostructural RCo$_2$Zn$_{20}$ series manifests a more typical ordering temperature ($T_N$ = 5.7 K for GdCo$_2$Zn$_{20}$) and YCo$_2$Zn$_{20}$ does not show signs of correlated electron behavior. Studies of R(Fe$_x$Co$_{1-x}$)$_2$Zn$_{20}$ (R = Gd, Y), combined with bandstructure calculations for the end members, reveal that YFe$_2$Zn$_{20}$ is a nearly ferromagnetic Fermi liquid and that the remarkably high $T_C$ associated with GdFe$_2$Zn$_{20}$ is the result of submerging a large local moment into such a highly polarizable matrix. These results indicate that the RFe$_2$Zn$_{20}$ series, and more broadly the RT$_2$Zn$_{20}$ (T = Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir, Pt) isostructural family of compounds, offer an exceptionally promising phase space for the study of the interaction between local moment and correlated electron effects near the dilute R limit. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Isostructural, 1.00, 1), (Strongly_correlated_material, 1.00, 1), (Electron, 1.00, 1), (Phase_space, 0.99, 1), (Magnetism, 0.97, 1), (Fermi, 0.96, 1), (Magnetic_field, 0.87, 1), (Ferromagnetism, 0.84, 2), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.78, 1), (Pauli_exclusion_principle, 0.65, 1), (Condensed_matter_physics, 0.64, 1), (Chemical_compound, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 221 === ArticleID: P8WZDYJH9NF21NVK SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Genotypic comparison of Pantoea agglomerans plant and clinical strains | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2764716/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p><italic>Pantoea agglomerans </italic>strains are among the most promising biocontrol agents for a variety of bacterial and fungal plant diseases, particularly fire blight of apple and pear. However, commercial registration of <italic>P. agglomerans </italic>biocontrol products is hampered because this species is currently listed as a biosafety level 2 (BL 2) organism due to clinical reports as an opportunistic human pathogen. This study compares plant-origin and clinical strains in a search for discriminating genotypic/phenotypic markers using multi-locus phylogenetic analysis and fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphisms (fAFLP) fingerprinting.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Majority of the clinical isolates from culture collections were found to be improperly designated as <italic>P. agglomerans </italic>after sequence analysis. The frequent taxonomic rearrangements underwent by the <italic>Enterobacter agglomerans/Erwinia herbicola </italic>complex may be a major problem in assessing clinical associations within <italic>P. agglomerans</italic>. In the <italic>P. agglomerans sensu stricto </italic>(in the stricter sense) group, there was no discrete clustering of clinical/biocontrol strains and no marker was identified that was uniquely associated to clinical strains. A putative biocontrol-specific fAFLP marker was identified only in biocontrol strains. The partial ORF located in this band corresponded to an ABC transporter that was found in all <italic>P. agglomerans </italic>strains.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Taxonomic mischaracterization was identified as a major problem with <italic>P. agglomerans</italic>, and current techniques removed a majority of clinical strains from this species. Although clear discrimination between <italic>P. agglomerans </italic>plant and clinical strains was not obtained with phylogenetic analysis, a single marker characteristic of biocontrol strains was identified which may be of use in strain biosafety determinations. In addition, the lack of Koch's postulate fulfilment, rare retention of clinical strains for subsequent confirmation, and the polymicrobial nature of <italic>P. agglomerans </italic>clinical reports should be considered in biosafety assessment of beneficial strains in this species.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Amplified_fragment_length_polymorphism, 1.00, 1), (Sensu, 1.00, 1), (Fire_blight, 1.00, 2), (Pantoea_agglomerans, 1.00, 2), (Species, 1.00, 1), (Erwinia, 1.00, 1), (Phylogenetics, 0.99, 2), (Biosafety, 0.99, 1), (Fluorescence, 0.99, 1), (Taxonomy_(biology), 0.98, 1), (DNA, 0.96, 1), (Biology, 0.73, 1), (Bacteria, 0.59, 1), (Organism, 0.58, 1), (Molecular_biology, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 222 === ArticleID: BHT3VJ9NXUZ8E0PL SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Fibrous hamartoma of infancy | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3481792/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Fibrous hamartoma of infancy', u'pediatric soft tissue tumors'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI) is a rare, benign tumor of the subcutis and lower dermis, which usually occurs within the first 2 years of life. Ninety one percent of the tumors occur in the first year of life. The histogenesis of FHI is unclear. The clinical course is typically benign and prognosis excellent. The physical characteristics of the subcutaneous mass in a child may suggest a malignant process; however, FHI should be included in the differential diagnosis. The prognosis of FHI is excellent with local surgical excision and it rarely recurs.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Subcutaneous_tissue, 1.00, 2), (Dermis, 1.00, 1), (Differential_diagnosis, 1.00, 1), (Histogenesis, 1.00, 1), (Hamartoma, 1.00, 1), (Prognosis, 1.00, 1), (Benign_tumor, 0.97, 2), (Medical_terms, 0.80, 1), (Tumor, 0.77, 1), (Cancer, 0.76, 1), (Medical_diagnosis, 0.71, 1), (Oncology, 0.71, 1), (Neoplasm, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 223 === ArticleID: 20FEL07PUTY5FBQF SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Original research Do soluble p55 and p75 TNF- receptor concentrations play a role in women with primary sterility? | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3281350/ | |
| TAGS: [u'immune mechanism', u'primary sterility', u'soluble TNF-\u03b1 receptor p55', u'soluble TNF-\u03b1 receptor p75', u'tumour necrosis factor'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec id="st1"><title>Introduction</title><p>In modern medicine the cause of infertility is believed to be immune mechanism disorders as well as immune over-reactivity. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of measuring the concentration of soluble TNF-α receptors p55 and p75 in women with primary infertility.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Material and methods</title><p>Examination subjects: 41 female patients with primary sterility in the period January-September 2005. The control group consisted of 13 female patients. For identification of soluble receptors’ p55 and p75 TNF-α concentration was used commercial ELISA kits. Quantitative <italic>in vitro</italic> method of hormone identification in blood serum of plasma (ECLIA) has been used to estimate hormone concentration. Results have been analyzed with Student's <italic>t</italic>-test, Wilcoxon's test, Fisher's exact test and Spearman's test. <italic>P</italic> value<0.05 was considered significant.</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Results</title><p>There is no significant statistical relation between concentration of soluble p55 and p75 TNF-α receptors and age, BMI index, or length of periods. In the case of soluble p75 TNF-α receptor a statistical correlation with length of period was found (<italic>p</italic> = 0.004). From the statistical point of view, the most advantageous relation was found in the case of p75 TNF-α soluble receptor and thickness of endometrium (<italic>p</italic> = 0.007) as well as the correlation of p55/p75 soluble receptors (<italic>p</italic> = 0.05). The statistical analysis of correlations between TNFR 1 and TNFR 2 receptors and concentration of hormones FSH, LH, PRL, E 2 and testosterone showed no dependence of TNFR 1 and TNFR 2 receptor concentrations and concentrations of examined hormones. Statistical analysis of relations of TNFR 1/TNFR 2 receptor concentrations revealed a significant correlation between these receptors and concentration of LH (<italic>p</italic> = 0.05).</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Conclusions</title><p>The correlation between endometrium thickness, size of dominating vesicle and concentration of LH compared to concentrations of soluble TNF-α?receptors p55 and p75 and their ratio might condition the time of survival of the vesicle or lead to excessive expression of its atresion-leading conditions.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Tumor_necrosis_factors, 1.00, 2), (Fisher's_exact_test, 1.00, 1), (ELISA, 1.00, 1), (Infertility, 1.00, 2), (Hormone, 1.00, 1), (Endometrium, 1.00, 1), (Receptor_(biochemistry), 0.99, 1), (Testosterone, 0.99, 1), (Statistics, 0.98, 1), (TNF-α, 0.98, 1), (Plasma_(physics), 0.93, -2), (Tumour_necrosis, 0.90, 1), (Spearman's_rank_correlation_coefficient, 0.89, 1), (Pearson_product-moment_correlation_coefficient, 0.82, 1), (Signal_transduction, 0.81, 1), (Serum_(blood), 0.79, 1), (Immune_system, 0.71, 1) | |
| === 224 === ArticleID: 8G8HVQPMEQ1ZYMMM SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Invariant integration on orthosymplectic and unitary supergroups | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1201.4154 | |
| TAGS: [u'Associative rings', u'Global analysis', u'Group Theory', u'Mathematical Physics', u'Non-associative rings', u'analysis on manifolds', u'associative algebras', u'infinite-dimensional holomorphy', u'non-associative algebras'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The orthosymplectic supergroup OSp(m|2n) and unitary supergroup U(p|q) are studied following a new approach that starts from Harish-Chandra pairs and links the sheaf-theoretical supermanifold approach of Berezin and others with the differential geometry approach of Rogers and others. The matrix elements of the fundamental representation of the Lie supergroup G are expressed in terms of functions on the product supermanifold G_0 x R^{0|N}, with G_0 the underlying Lie group and N the odd dimension of G. This product supermanifold is isomorphic to the supermanifold of G. This leads to a new expression for the standard generators of the corresponding Lie superalgebra g as invariant derivations on G. Using these results a new and transparent formula for the invariant integrals on OSp(m|2n) and U(p|q) is obtained. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Lie_superalgebra, 1.00, 1), (Fundamental_representation, 1.00, 1), (Group_theory, 1.00, 1), (Associative_algebra, 1.00, 1), (Harish-Chandra, 1.00, 1), (Differential_geometry, 1.00, 1), (Mathematics, 0.97, 2), (Algebra_over_a_field, 0.96, 1), (Supermanifold, 0.91, 1), (Mathematical_Physics, 0.87, 1), (Group_(mathematics), 0.85, 1), (Berezin, 0.82, 1), (Ring_(mathematics), 0.78, 1), (Geometry, 0.75, 1), (Rogers, 0.69, 1), (Representation_theory, 0.60, 1), (OSp, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 225 === ArticleID: 0SMWX1K0CGCCNK5M SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Forward-like functions for dual parametrization of GPDs from the nonlocal chiral quark model | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0803.2218 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Phenomenology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We derive the set of inversion relations allowing to establish the link between the dual parametrization of GPDs and a broad class of phenomenological models for GPDs. As an example we consider the results of the calculation of the pion GPD in the framework of nonlocal chiral quark model (NlCQM) to recover the set of forward-like functions representing this GPD in the framework of dual parametrization. We also argue that Abel tomography method overlooks possible delta function like contributions to GPD quintessence function making explicit contribution to the D from factor. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Pion, 1.00, 1), (Tomography, 0.98, 1), (Mathematics, 0.96, 1), (Quark, 0.92, 2), (Phenomenology, 0.92, 1), (GPDs, 0.91, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.83, 1), (Quantum_chromodynamics, 0.79, 1), (Standard_Model, 0.76, 1), (Isospin, 0.72, 1), (Matter, 0.66, 1), (Set_theory, 0.64, 1), (Aether_(classical_element), 0.58, -2) | |
| === 226 === ArticleID: APJKBIJQRTYI80AB SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Tachyon Condensation and the Spectrum of Strings on D-Branes | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0102192 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We investigate spectrum of open strings on D-branes after tachyon condensation in bosonic string theory. We calculate 1-loop partition function of the string and show that its limiting forms coincide with partition functions of open strings with different boundary conditions. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Bosonic_string_theory, 1.00, 2), (Tachyon, 1.00, 2), (String_theory, 0.97, 1), (D-branes, 0.81, 2), (Boundary_condition, 0.71, 1), (String_(music), 0.71, -1), (Particle_physics, 0.57, 1) | |
| === 227 === ArticleID: NOK2OGC70TZJZLJF SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: P53 Status as a Predictive Biomarker for Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Radiation-Based Treatment: A Meta-Analysis in Rectal Cancer | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3458025/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p>Numerous studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the relationship between p53 status and the response to neoadjuvant radiation-based therapy in patients with rectal cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the relationship between p53 status and response to radiation-based therapy in rectal cancer.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods/Findings</title><p>A total of 30 previously published eligible studies including 1,830 cases were identified and included in this meta-analysis. Wild-type form of p53 status (low expression of p53 protein and/or wild-type p53 gene) was associated with pathologic response in rectal cancer patients who received neoadjuvant radiation-based therapy (good response: risk ratio [RR] = 1.30; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.14–1.49; p<0.001; complete response RR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.19–2.30; p = 0.003; poor response RR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.75–0.96; p = 0.007). In further stratified analyses, this association remained for sub-groups of good and poor response in neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT) setting, good and complete response in chemoradiotherapy (CRT) setting. And the association between response and the presence of p53 gene mutations was stronger than that between response and protein positivity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The results of the present meta-analysis indicate that P 53 status is a predictive factor for response in rectal cancer patient undergoing neoadjuvant radiation-based therapy.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Meta-analysis, 1.00, 2), (Neoadjuvant_therapy, 1.00, 1), (Gene, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (Radiation_therapy, 1.00, 2), (Colorectal_cancer, 0.98, 1), (Oncology, 0.95, 2), (Mutation, 0.94, 1), (Cancer, 0.94, 2), (P53, 0.88, 2), (Apoptosis, 0.74, 1), (Cell_cycle, 0.67, 1), (Transcription_factor, 0.60, 1), (Mdm2, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 228 === ArticleID: Q4A2LNEWA48QYM37 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Targeted medical therapy of biliary tract cancer: Recent advances and future perspectives | |
| URL: http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v14/i46/7021.htm | |
| TAGS: [u'Bevacizumab', u'Biliary tract cancer', u'Erlotinib', u'Growth factor receptor', u'Innovative cancer treatment', u'Monoclonal antibody', u'Sm molecule inhibitor', u'Sorafenib'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The limited efficacy of cytotoxic therapy for advanced biliary tract and gallbladder cancers emphasizes the need for novel and more effective medical treatment options. A better understanding of the specific biological features of these neoplasms led to the development of new targeted therapies, which take the abundant expression of several growth factors and cognate tyrosine kinase receptors into account. This review will briefly summarize the status and future perspectives of antiangiogenic and growth factor receptor-based pharmacological approaches for the treatment of biliary tract and gallbladder cancers. In view of multiple novel targeted approaches, the rationale for innovative therapies, such as combinations of growth factor (receptor)-targeting agents with cytotoxic drugs or with other novel anticancer drugs will be highlighted. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Biliary_tract, 1.00, 2), (Bevacizumab, 1.00, 1), (Sorafenib, 1.00, 1), (Gallbladder, 1.00, 1), (Erlotinib, 1.00, 1), (Cancer, 1.00, 2), (Cytotoxicity, 1.00, 1), (Cognate, 1.00, 1), (Receptor_tyrosine_kinase, 1.00, 1), (Receptor_(biochemistry), 0.99, 1), (Immune_system, 0.98, 1), (Targeted_therapy, 0.97, 1), (Cholangiocarcinoma, 0.96, 1), (Neoplasm, 0.94, 1), (Signal_transduction, 0.90, 1), (Medicine, 0.72, 1), (Angiogenesis, 0.64, 1), (Oncology, 0.61, 1), (Hormone, 0.60, 1), (Cure, 0.59, 1), (Therapy, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 229 === ArticleID: 0TZ839N8U5TNQMZY SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: A new generalization of the Riemann zeta function and its difference equation | |
| URL: http://www.advancesindifferenceequations.com/content/2011/1/20 | |
| TAGS: [u'Bose-Einstein', u'Extended Fermi-Dirac', u'Hurwitz zeta function', u'Polylogarithm function', u'Riemann zeta function'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Abstract We have introduced a new generalization of the Riemann zeta function. A special case of our generalization converges locally uniformly to the Riemann zeta function in the critical strip. It approximates the trivial and non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function. Some properties of the generalized Riemann zeta function are investigated. The relation between the function and the general Hurwitz zeta function is exploited to deduce new identities. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Polylogarithm, 1.00, 1), (Uniform_convergence, 1.00, 1), (Fermi–Dirac_statistics, 1.00, 1), (Riemann_zeta_function, 1.00, 2), (Hurwitz_zeta_function, 1.00, 1), (Recurrence_relation, 0.97, 1), (Hurwitz, 0.95, 1), (Zeta_function, 0.82, 1), (Gamma_function, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 230 === ArticleID: 9DPZXINQPGK6JCAK SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Influence of the driving mechanism on the response of systems with athermal dynamics: The example of the random-field Ising model | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0607069 | |
| TAGS: [u'Disordered Systems and Neural Networks', u'Statistical Mechanics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We investigate the influence of the driving mechanism on the hysteretic response of systems with athermal dynamics. In the framework of local-mean field theory at finite temperature (but neglecting thermallly activated processes), we compare the rate-independent hysteresis loops obtained in the random field Ising model (RFIM) when controlling either the external magnetic field $H$ or the extensive magnetization $M$. Two distinct behaviors are observed, depending on disorder strength. At large disorder, the $H$-driven and $M$-driven protocols yield identical hysteresis loops in the thermodynamic limit. At low disorder, when the $H$-driven magnetization curve is discontinuous (due to the presence of a macroscopic avalanche), the $M$-driven loop is re-entrant while the induced field exhibits strong intermittent fluctuations and is only weakly self-averaging. The relevance of these results to the experimental observations in ferromagnetic materials, shape memory alloys, and other disordered systems is discussed. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Shape-memory_alloy, 1.00, 1), (Ising_model, 1.00, 2), (Hysteresis, 1.00, 2), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.97, 1), (Ising, 0.93, 1), (Statistical_Mechanics, 0.83, 2), (Ferromagnetism, 0.83, 1), (Magnetic_field, 0.76, 1), (Field_(physics), 0.64, 1) | |
| === 231 === ArticleID: D427KEF1RDNNNOCE SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: SN 2006gy: An extremely luminous supernova in the galaxy NGC 1260 | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0612408 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: With an extinction-corrected V-band peak absolute magnitude of about -22, supernova (SN) 2006gy is probably the brightest SN ever observed. We report on multi-wavelength observations of this SN and its environment. Our spectroscopy shows an H alpha emission line as well as absorption features which may be identified as SiII lines at low expansion velocity. The high peak luminosity, the slow rise to maximum, and the narrow H alpha line are similar to those observed in hybrid type-Ia/IIn (also called IIa) SNe. The host galaxy, NGC 1260, is dominated by an old stellar population with solar metallicity. However, our high resolution adaptive optics images reveal a dust lane in this galaxy, and there appears to be an HII region in the vicinity of the SN. The extra-ordinarily large peak luminosity, 3x10^44 erg/s, demands a dense circum-stellar medium, regardless of the mass of the progenitor star. The inferred mass loss rate of the progenitor is 0.1 solar mass per year over a period of 10 yr prior to explosion. Such an high mass-loss rate may be the result of a binary star common envelope ejection. The total radiated energy in the first two months is about 1.1x10^51 erg, which is only a factor of two less than that available from a super-Chandrasekhar Ia explosion. Therefore, given the presence of a star forming region in the vicinity of the SN and the high energy requirements, a plausible scenario is that SN 2006gy is related to the death of a massive star (e. g., pair production SN). | |
| CONCEPTS: (Adaptive_optics, 1.00, 1), (H_II_region, 1.00, 1), (Alpha_decay, 1.00, -1), (SN_2006gy, 1.00, 1), (Dust_lane, 1.00, 1), (Pair_production, 1.00, 1), (Binary_star, 1.00, 1), (Metallicity, 1.00, 1), (Supernova, 1.00, 2), (Spectroscopy, 1.00, 1), (Star, 1.00, 1), (Absolute_magnitude, 1.00, 1), (Solar_mass, 0.90, 1), (Galaxy, 0.84, 1), (Sun, 0.69, 1), (Ia, 0.68, -1), (Interstellar_medium, 0.63, 1), (E._g., 0.63, 0), (Erg_(landform), 0.61, -2) | |
| === 232 === ArticleID: DAH8H8HWWMCF2VV1 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Speckle Optical Tweezers: Micromanipulation with Random Light Fields | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1403.0364 | |
| TAGS: [u'Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics', u'Optics', u'Soft Condensed Matter', u'Statistical Mechanics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Current optical manipulation techniques rely on carefully engineered setups and samples. Although similar conditions are routinely met in research laboratories, it is still a challenge to manipulate microparticles when the environment is not well controlled and known a priori, since optical imperfections and scattering limit the applicability of this technique to real-life situations, such as in biomedical or microfluidic applications. Nonetheless, scattering of coherent light by disordered structures gives rise to speckles, random diffraction patterns with well-defined statistical properties. Here, we experimentally demonstrate how speckle fields can become a versatile tool to efficiently perform fundamental optical manipulation tasks such as trapping, guiding and sorting. We anticipate that the simplicity of these "speckle optical tweezers" will greatly broaden the perspectives of optical manipulation for real-life applications. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Optical_tweezers, 1.00, 2), (Microparticles, 1.00, 1), (Microfluidics, 1.00, 1), (Scattering, 0.99, 2), (Diffraction, 0.99, 1), (Physics, 0.97, 1), (Coherent, 0.90, 1), (Optics, 0.89, 1), (Coherence_(physics), 0.73, 1) | |
| === 233 === ArticleID: B4LNV4FXP8CCUW9D SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Motherese in Interaction: At the Cross-Road of Emotion and Cognition? (A Systematic Review) | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3800080/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Various aspects of motherese also known as infant-directed speech (IDS) have been studied for many years. As it is a widespread phenomenon, it is suspected to play some important roles in infant development. Therefore, our purpose was to provide an update of the evidence accumulated by reviewing all of the empirical or experimental studies that have been published since 1966 on IDS driving factors and impacts. Two databases were screened and 144 relevant studies were retained. General linguistic and prosodic characteristics of IDS were found in a variety of languages, and IDS was not restricted to mothers. IDS varied with factors associated with the caregiver (e. g., cultural, psychological and physiological) and the infant (e. g., reactivity and interactive feedback). IDS promoted infants’ affect, attention and language learning. Cognitive aspects of IDS have been widely studied whereas affective ones still need to be developed. However, during interactions, the following two observations were notable: (1) IDS prosody reflects emotional charges and meets infants’ preferences, and (2) mother-infant contingency and synchrony are crucial for IDS production and prolongation. Thus, IDS is part of an interactive loop that may play an important role in infants’ cognitive and social development. </p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Baby_talk, 1.00, 2), (Psychology, 0.95, 1), (Prosody_(linguistics), 0.91, 1), (A_Systematic_Review, 0.91, 1), (Emotion, 0.87, 1), (Cognition, 0.77, 1) | |
| === 234 === ArticleID: 6OO5HCFS7HNALS8E SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Production of charged heavy quarkonium-like states at the LHC and the Tevatron | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1308.0193 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Experiment', u'High Energy Physics - Phenomenology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We study prompt hadroproduction of the charged bottomonium-like states $Z_b^\pm(10610)$ and $Z_b^\pm(10650)$, and the charged charmonium-like states $Z_c^\pm(3900)$ and $Z_c^\pm(4020)$, at the Tevatron and the LHC, provided that these states are $S$-wave hadronic molecules. Using two Monte Carlo event generators, Herwig and Pythia, to simulate the production of heavy meson pairs, we derive an order-of-magnitude estimate of the production rates for these four particles. Our estimates yield a cross section at the nb level for the $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$. The results for the $Z_c(3900)$ and $Z_c(4020)$ are larger by a factor of 20-30. These cross sections are large enough to be observed, and measurements at hadron colliders in the future will supplement the study using electron-positron collisions, and therefore allow to explore the mysterious nature of these exotic states. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Event_generator, 1.00, 1), (Tevatron, 1.00, 2), (Hadron, 1.00, 1), (LHC, 1.00, 2), (Particle_physics, 0.98, 1), (Quark, 0.68, 2) | |
| === 235 === ArticleID: H239FC5TO57V481M SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Dynamics of Money and Income Distributions | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0407770 | |
| TAGS: [u'General Finance', u'Other Condensed Matter'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We study the model of interacting agents proposed by Chatterjee et al that allows agents to both save and exchange wealth. Closed equations for the wealth distribution are developed using a mean field approximation. We show that when all agents have the same fixed savings propensity, subject to certain well defined approximations defined in the text, these equations yield the conjecture proposed by Chatterjee for the form of the stationary agent wealth distribution. If the savings propensity for the equations is chosen according to some random distribution we show further that the wealth distribution for large values of wealth displays a Pareto like power law tail, ie P(w)\sim w^{1+a}. However the value of $a$ for the model is exactly 1. Exact numerical simulations for the model illustrate how, as the savings distribution function narrows to zero, the wealth distribution changes from a Pareto form to to an exponential function. Intermediate regions of wealth may be approximately described by a power law with $a>1$. However the value never reaches values of \~1.6-1.7 that characterise empirical wealth data. This conclusion is not changed if three body agent exchange processes are allowed. We conclude that other mechanisms are required if the model is to agree with empirical wealth data. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Exponential_function, 0.99, 1), (Economics, 0.96, 2), (Chatterjee, 0.86, 1), (Distribution_of_wealth, 0.79, 2), (Pareto_distribution, 0.77, 1), (Statistical_mechanics, 0.74, 1), (Polynomial, 0.72, 1), (Sociology, 0.70, 1), (Approximation, 0.67, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.67, -2) | |
| === 236 === ArticleID: BVOTNH6RXIIVT1KG SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: The Velocity Distribution of the Nearest Interstellar Gas | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0203093 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The bulk flow velocity for the cluster of interstellar cloudlets within about 30 pc of the Sun is determined from optical and ultraviolet absorption line data, after omitting from the sample stars with circumstellar disks or variable emission lines and the active variable HR 1099. Ninety-six velocity components towards the remaining 60 stars yield a streaming velocity through the local standard of rest of -17.0+/-4.6 km/s, with an upstream direction of l=2.3 deg, b=-5.2 deg (using Hipparcos values for the solar apex motion). The velocity dispersion of the interstellar matter (ISM) within 30 pc is consistent with that of nearby diffuse clouds, but present statistics are inadequate to distinguish between a Gaussian or exponential distribution about the bulk flow velocity. The upstream direction of the bulk flow vector suggests an origin associated with the Loop I supernova remnant. Groupings of component velocities by region are seen, indicating regional departures from the bulk flow velocity or possibly separate clouds. The absorption components from the cloudlet feeding ISM into the solar system form one of the regional features. The nominal gradient between the velocities of upstream and downstream gas may be an artifact of the Sun's location near the edge of the local cloud complex. The Sun may emerge from the surrounding gas-patch within several thousand years. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Exponential_distribution, 1.00, 1), (Solar_apex, 1.00, 1), (Interstellar_medium, 1.00, 2), (Hipparcos, 1.00, 1), (Velocity_dispersion, 1.00, 1), (Supernova_remnant, 1.00, 1), (Flow_velocity, 1.00, 1), (Sun, 0.99, 1), (Solar_System, 0.83, 1), (Circumstellar_disk, 0.79, 1), (Star, 0.67, 1), (Supernova, 0.66, 1), (Milky_Way, 0.59, 1), (Galaxy, 0.57, 1) | |
| === 237 === ArticleID: XBSV79JSUY2F6T68 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Clustering of diet- and activity-related parenting practices: cross-sectional findings of the INPACT study | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3618009/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Activity behaviour', u'Children', u'Clustering', u'Dietary behaviour', u'Parenting practices'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p>Various diet- and activity-related parenting practices are positive determinants of child dietary and activity behaviour, including home availability, parental modelling and parental policies. There is evidence that parenting practices cluster <italic>within</italic> the dietary domain and <italic>within</italic> the activity domain. This study explores whether diet- and activity-related parenting practices cluster <italic>across</italic> the dietary and activity domain. Also examined is whether the clusters are related to child and parental background characteristics. Finally, to indicate the relevance of the clusters in influencing child dietary and activity behaviour, we examined whether clusters of parenting practices are related to these behaviours.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Data were used from 1480 parent–child dyads participating in the Dutch IVO Nutrition and Physical Activity Child cohorT (INPACT). Parents of children aged 8–11 years completed questionnaires at home assessing their diet- and activity-related parenting practices, child and parental background characteristics, and child dietary and activity behaviours. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify clusters of parenting practices. Backward regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between child and parental background characteristics with cluster scores, and partial correlations to examine associations between cluster scores and child dietary and activity behaviours.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>PCA revealed five clusters of parenting practices: 1) high visibility and accessibility of screens and unhealthy food, 2) diet- and activity-related rules, 3) low availability of unhealthy food, 4) diet- and activity-related positive modelling, and 5) positive modelling on sports and fruit. Low parental education was associated with unhealthy cluster 1, while high(er) education was associated with healthy clusters 2, 3 and 5. Separate clusters were related to both child dietary and activity behaviour in the hypothesized directions: healthy clusters were positively related to obesity-reducing behaviours and negatively to obesity-inducing behaviours.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Parenting practices cluster <italic>across</italic> the dietary and activity domain. Parental education can be seen as an indicator of a broader parental context in which clusters of parenting practices operate. Separate clusters are related to both child dietary and activity behaviour. Interventions that focus on clusters of parenting practices to assist parents (especially low-educated parents) in changing their child’s dietary and activity behaviour seems justified.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Regression_analysis, 1.00, 1), (Partial_correlation, 1.00, 1), (Principal_component_analysis, 1.00, 1), (Nutrition, 0.98, 2), (INPACT, 0.90, 1), (Parent, 0.87, 2), (Principal, 0.66, 0), (Human, 0.65, 1), (Weight_loss, 0.59, 2) | |
| === 238 === ArticleID: 1LNUODCVQJLXIXRK SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Optimal control of nonlinear second order evolution equations | |
| URL: http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijsa/1993/285451.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'Dirichlet form', u'compact embedding', u'evolution triple', u'hyperbolic systems', u'monotone and hemicontinuous map'] | |
| ABSTRACT: In this paper we study the optimal control of systems governed by second order nonlinear evolution equations. We establish the existence of optimal solutions for Lagrange problem. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Evolution, 1.00, 1), (Nonlinear_system, 0.98, 2), (Optimal_control, 0.95, 2), (Compactly_embedded, 0.95, 1), (General_topology, 0.80, 1), (Mathematical_analysis, 0.71, 1), (Control_theory, 0.68, 1) | |
| === 239 === ArticleID: REV01ETH68K6YNQT SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: On Some Discrete Differential Equations | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0805.1744 | |
| TAGS: [u'Difference equations', u'General Mathematics', u'functional equations'] | |
| ABSTRACT: In this short note, we present few results on the use of the discrete Laplace transform in solving first and second order initial value problems of discrete differential equations. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Recurrence_relation, 1.00, 1), (Laplace_transform, 1.00, 2), (Functional_equation, 1.00, 1), (Differential_equation, 0.99, 2), (Mathematics, 0.94, 1), (Equation, 0.86, 1), (General_Mathematics, 0.85, 1), (Maxwell's_equations, 0.71, 1) | |
| === 240 === ArticleID: CGQU0RM6C1N09KBT SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Primordial black holes, phase transitions, and the fate of the universe | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0003062 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Phase transitions in the early universe are prime settings for the production of primordial black holes, since they can break the relatively quiescent homogeneity and isotropy of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmologies. These epochs of "symmetry breaking," moreover, can affect the subsequent development of spacetime by changing the evolution of some FRW parameters, including the present age and density of the universe. We discuss the relative importance of such effects on constraining mechanisms of black hole formation. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Primordial_black_hole, 1.00, 2), (Spacetime, 1.00, 1), (Phase_transition, 1.00, 1), (Black_hole, 1.00, 2), (Evolution, 1.00, 1), (General_relativity, 0.99, 1), (Big_Bang, 0.90, 1), (Universe, 0.88, 1), (Symmetry_breaking, 0.87, 1), (Physics, 0.78, 1), (Physical_cosmology, 0.72, 1), (Time, 0.72, 1), (Gravitational_singularity, 0.57, 1), (String_theory, 0.57, 1) | |
| === 241 === ArticleID: HD3OONIERFL8I8J3 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: MASSIVE FIELDS AND THE 2-D STRING | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9804012 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The first massive level of closed bosonic string theory is studied. Free-field equations are derived by imposing Weyl invariance on the world sheet. A two-parameter solution to the equation of motion and constraints is found in two dimensions with a flat linear-dilaton background. One-to-one tachyon scattering is studied in this background. The results support Dhar, Mandal and Wadia's proposal that 2 D critical string theory corresponds to the c=1 matrix model in which both sides of the Fermi sea are excited. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Bosonic_string_theory, 1.00, 2), (Tachyon, 1.00, 1), (String_theory, 1.00, 1), (Matrix_(mathematics), 1.00, 1), (Scattering, 0.99, 1), (Tehsil, 0.82, 1), (Dhar, 0.82, 1), (Physics, 0.79, 1), (Wadia, 0.75, 1), (Fermi, 0.73, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 242 === ArticleID: T3E6FUQBRQ5EC3UD SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Maximally-Mixed Three Generations of Neutrinos and the Solar and Atmospheric Neutrino Problems | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9311317 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Phenomenology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Motivated by the indication that both the Solar and the atmospheric neutrino puzzles may simultaneously be solved by (vacuum as well as matter-induced resonant) oscillations of two generations of neutrinos with large mixing, we have analyzed the data on the Solar and atmospheric neutrinos assuming that all {\it three} neutrinos are maximally mixed. It is shown that the results of two-generation analyses are still valid even in the three-generation scheme, {\it i. e.}, the two puzzles can be solved simultaneously if $\Delta m_{21}^2 = m_2^2-m_1^2\simeq10^{-10}\mbox{eV}^2$ and $\Delta m_{31}^2 = 10^{-3}\sim10^{-1}\mbox{eV}^2$. We have also demonstrated explicitly that with the use of the see-saw mechanism it is possible to have large or maximal mixings for neutrinos even though their masses are highly non-degenerate. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Neutrino, 1.00, 2), (Mbox, 1.00, -1), (Vacuum, 0.99, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.97, 1), (Standard_Model, 0.70, 1), (Sun, 0.63, 2) | |
| === 243 === ArticleID: UVDA3RFH2BLV5C83 SCORE: 1! | |
| TITLE: First multi-reference correlation treatment of bulk metals | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1402.6514 | |
| TAGS: [u'Chemical Physics', u'Materials Science'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Existence of the sp-d hybridization of the valence band states of the fcc Ca and Sr in the vicinity of the Fermi level indicates that their electronic wave function can have a multi-reference (MR) character. We performed a wave function-based correlation treatment for these materials by means of the method of increments. As oppose to the single-reference correlation treatment (here: coupled cluster), which fails to describe cohesive properties in both cases, employing the MR averaged coupled pair functional one can achieve almost 100 % of the experimental correlation energy. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Coupled_cluster, 1.00, 1), (Valence_band, 1.00, 2), (Fermi_level, 1.00, 2), (Condensed_matter_physics, 0.95, 1), (Chemistry, 0.77, 1), (Semiconductor, 0.67, -2), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 244 === ArticleID: GQG5H9RM2OTID9IF SCORE: 0 | |
| TITLE: Counting toroidal binary arrays | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1301.2352 | |
| TAGS: [u'Combinatorics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: A formula for the number of toroidal m x n binary arrays, allowing rotation of the rows and/or the columns but not reflection, is known. Here we find a formula for the number of toroidal m x n binary arrays, allowing rotation and/or reflection of the rows and/or the columns. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Set_theory, 0.90, 1) | |
| === 245 === ArticleID: VRLU79T8D0UQB986 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Search for correlations between nearby AGNs and ultra-high energy cosmic rays | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0609655 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The majority of the highest energy cosmic rays are thought to be electrically charged: protons or nuclei. Charged particles experience angular deflections as they pass through galactic and extra-galactic magnetic fields. As a consequence correlation of cosmic ray arrival directions with potential sources has proved to be difficult. This situation is not helped by current data samples where the number of cosmic rays/source are typically < O(1). Progress will be made when there are significantly larger data samples and perhaps with better catalogs of candidate sources. This paper reports a search for correlations between the RXTE catalog of nearby active galactic nuclei, AGNs, and the published list of ultra-high energy cosmic rays from the AGASA experiment. Although no statistically significant correlations were found, two correlations were observed between AGASA events and the most inclusive category of RXTE AGNs. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Active_galactic_nucleus, 1.00, 1), (Proton, 1.00, 1), (Electron, 0.99, 1), (Electric_charge, 0.95, 1), (AGNs, 0.88, 1), (Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin_limit, 0.83, 1), (Cosmic_ray, 0.75, 1), (Electromagnetism, 0.71, 1), (Electric_current, 0.59, 1), (Ultra-high-energy_cosmic_ray, 0.58, 1), (Lightning, 0.57, -2) | |
| === 246 === ArticleID: 4A9EZ38GM8S3HCUL SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Factors predicting surgical outcome of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: A 16-year experience | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3271465/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Myasthenia gravis', u'thymectomy', u'video-assisted thymectomy'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec id="st1"><title>Aim:</title><p>To assess the surgical outcome of myasthenia gravis (MG) following thymectomy and to determine the outcome predictors to such therapeutic approach.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Materials and Methods:</title><p>This study is a retrospective review of 80 consecutive thymectomies performed for MG over a 16-year period.</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Results:</title><p>There were 41 females and 39 males (mean age, 34.32 years) with mean disease duration of 17.45 months prior to surgery. Stagewise distribution of the patients revealed 2.5% in stage I, 48.7% in stage IIA, 33.8% in stage IIB, 8.7% in stage III, and 6.3% in stage IV. The surgical approach was either trans-sternal (<italic>n</italic>=67) or video-assisted thoracoscopic route (<italic>n</italic>=13). Follow-up was obtained in 91.2% (<italic>n</italic>=73) of patients with mean duration of 67.7 months. At their last follow-up, 26.0% were in complete remission, 35.6% were asymptomatic on decreased medications, and 17.8% had clinical improvement on decreased medications. Overall, 79.4% of patients benefited from surgery, 8.2% had unchanged disease status, and 12.3% worsened clinically. Factors influencing favorable outcome include sex, disease stage, gland weight, and preoperative medication with anti-cholinesterase (<italic>P</italic><0.05). There was one death in the perioperative period due to septicemia. Two patients died at fourth and seventh month following thymectomy.</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Conclusion:</title><p>Thymectomy for MG is safe and effective. Certain influencing factors may shape treatment decisions and target higher risk patients.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Thymectomy, 1.00, 2), (Myasthenia_gravis, 1.00, 2), (Sepsis, 1.00, 1), (Medicine, 0.92, 2), (Asymptomatic, 0.80, 1), (Sex, 0.70, 1), (Thymus, 0.65, 1), (Female, 0.57, 0) | |
| === 247 === ArticleID: 4B4RWRVCD4IV8IPA SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Participation motivation and competition anxiety among Korean and non-Korean wheelchair tennis players | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3884872/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Cross-cultural comparison', u'Disabled athletes', u'Physical disabilities'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>The purpose of this study was to examine differences in participation motivation and competition anxiety between Korean and non-Korean wheelchair tennis players and to identify relations between participation motivation and competition anxiety in each group. Sixty-six wheel-chair tennis players who participated in the 2013 Korea Open Wheel-chair Tennis Tournament in Seoul completed the Participation Motivation Survey and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory II. Data were analyzed by a frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and independent samples t-test to identify participants’ demographic characteristics, differences in participation motivation, competition anxiety between Korean and non-Korean players, and correlations between participation motivation and competition anxiety in each group. Korean players reported significantly higher motivation in purification compared to non-Korean players, whereas non-Korean players reported significantly higher motivation in enjoyment. In addition, non-Korean players demonstrated higher cognitive anxiety and self-confidence compared to Korean players. Moreover, the physical anxiety of Korean players was negatively correlated with learning, health-fitness, and enjoyment motivation. On the other hand, only self-confidence was significantly related to learning motivation and enjoyment motivation in non-Korean players. Thus, the results presented herein provide evidence for the development of specialized counseling programs that consider the psychological characteristics of Korean wheelchair tennis players.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Descriptive_statistics, 1.00, 1), (Disability, 1.00, 2), (Frequency_analysis, 1.00, 1), (Tennis, 1.00, 2), (Anxiety, 1.00, 1), (Wheelchair_tennis, 0.92, 1), (Wheelchair, 0.92, 2), (Non-Korean, 0.88, 1), (T-test, 0.70, 1), (Pearson_product-moment_correlation_coefficient, 0.60, 1), (Correlation_and_dependence, 0.60, 1), (South_Korea, 0.51, 2) | |
| === 248 === ArticleID: 50SUYKYR6Q6950O0 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: On the Wake Structure in Streaming Complex Plasmas | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1201.1714 | |
| TAGS: [u'Plasma Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The theoretical description of complex (dusty) plasmas requires multiscale concepts that adequately incorporate the correlated interplay of streaming electrons and ions, neutrals, and dust grains. Knowing the effective dust-dust interaction, the multiscale problem can be effectively reduced to a one-component plasma model of the dust subsystem. The goal of the present publication is a systematic evaluation of the electrostatic potential distribution around a dust grain in the presence of a streaming plasma environment by means of two complementary approaches: (i) a high precision computation of the dynamically screened Coulomb potential from the dynamic dielectric function, and (ii) full 3 D particle-in-cell simulations, which self-consistently include dynamical grain charging and non-linear effects. The applicability of these two approaches is addressed. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Particle-in-cell, 1.00, 1), (Permittivity, 1.00, 1), (Plasma_(physics), 1.00, 1), (Electric_charge, 0.99, 1), (Electric_potential, 0.90, 1), (Magnetic_field, 0.75, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.72, 1), (Electrostatics, 0.65, 1), (Mathematics, 0.61, 1), (Electron, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 249 === ArticleID: CWDUQNCYEP43B8TS SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Outcomes of Trabeculectomy with 5-Fluorouracil at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3740464/ | |
| TAGS: [u'5-fluorouracil', u'Nigeria', u'Trabeculectomy'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec id="st1"><title>Purpose</title><p>To report the outcomes of trabeculectomy with adjunctive 5-Fluorouracil (5- FU) at a Nigerian tertiary hospital.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Methods</title><p>In this prospective study, all patients with glaucoma undergoing trabeculectomy with 5-FU at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, from June 2009 to May2010 were enrolled. Each patient had a complete ophthalmic evaluation. Intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity (VA) and complications post-trabeculectomy were assessed at one year. Success of the procedure was defined as complete when no additional medications were required to achieve an IOP of ≤18mmHg, or qualified when additional medications were required to achieve the same goal.</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Results</title><p>A total of 47 eyes of 31 patients with mean age of 48.9±19.6 (range 14-77; median 52) years including 21 (67.7%) male subjects underwent trabeculectomy with 5-FU. Mean presenting IOP was 31.8±12.2 mmHg. Mean deviation (MD) on Humphrey visual fields was -15.9±9.7dB with the majority of the patients (18 subjects 58.1%) presenting with advanced glaucoma based on MD worse than -12dB and severe glaucomatous optic neuropathy (cup to disc ratio of 0.9-1.0). At 1 year postoperatively, 95.1% achieved qualified success while 83% had complete success.</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>This prospective study adds to the existing knowledge that trabeculectomy with 5-FU is effective at controlling IOP in Nigerian patients.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Intraocular_pressure, 1.00, 1), (Trabeculectomy, 1.00, 2), (Visual_acuity, 1.00, 1), (Nigeria, 1.00, 2), (Ophthalmology, 0.97, 1), (Optic_neuropathy, 0.93, 1), (Nigerian_tertiary_hospital, 0.85, 1), (Glaucoma, 0.75, 2), (Absolute_deviation, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 250 === ArticleID: I2O5AZ5E11LS694E SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Difference in susceptibility to lysis between clones of the Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi | |
| URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=s0074-02761993000400005 | |
| TAGS: [u'Trypanosoma cruzi', u'clones', u'complement mediated lysis', u'tissue culture'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Three clones isolated from the Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi - YP 1, YP 2 and YP 3 - were adapted to in vitro cultivation in VERO cells. The recovery of the parasites from the Y strain and clone YP 3 was similar after 24 hr of contact with cells (3.2% and 2.7%, respectively) and much lower than the recovery of clones YP 1 and YP 2 (56.7% and 60.0% of inoculum, respectively). After five days incubation, the ratio Trypomastigotes/Amastigotes released into the supernatants was about 90/10 for clone YP 1, YP 3 and Y strain, and 50/50 for clone YP 2. After nine days, the ratio was 62/38 for clone YP 1, 97/3 for clone YP 3, 81/19 for Y strain and 50/50 for clone YP 2. The susceptibility of tissue culture derived trypomastigotes (TCT) to lysis in the presence of chronic chagasic human sera and human complement was assessed using Complement Mediated Lysis reaction (CML). Trypomastigotes from clone YP 2 were consistently less susceptible to CML (% lysis less than 20), than parasites from the other clones and Y strain. Parasites of clone YP 3 had susceptibility to CML comparable to that of the Y strain (about 70%), while TCT of clone YP 1 had intermediary susceptibility (40%). | |
| CONCEPTS: (Trypanosomatid, 1.00, 1), (Trypanosoma_cruzi, 1.00, 2), (Vero_cell, 1.00, 1), (Parasitism, 1.00, 2), (Lysis, 0.99, 2), (Amastigote, 0.83, 1), (Lysis_(dialogue), 0.76, -1) | |
| === 251 === ArticleID: QUQNSJ78ZMX17RCE SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: Malaria incidence and efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment in infants (IPTi) | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2234423/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: Background Intermittent preventive antimalarial treatment in infants (IPTi) is currently evaluated as a malaria control strategy. Among the factors influencing the extent of protection that is provided by IPTi are the transmission intensity, seasonality, drug resistance patterns, and the schedule of IPTi administrations. The aim of this study was to determine how far the protective efficacy of IPTi depends on spatio-temporal variations of the prevailing incidence of malaria. Methods One thousand seventy infants were enrolled in a registered controlled trial on the efficacy of IPTi with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in the Ashanti Region, Ghana, West Africa (ClinicalTrial. gov: NCT 00206739). Stratification for the village of residence and the month of birth of study participants demonstrated that the malaria incidence was dependent on spatial (range of incidence rates in different villages 0.6–2.0 episodes/year) and temporal (range of incidence rates in children of different birth months 0.8–1.2 episodes/year) factors. The range of spatio-temporal variation allowed ecological analyses of the correlation between malaria incidence rates, anti-Plasmodium falciparum lysate IgG antibody levels and protective efficacies provided by IPTi. Results Protective efficacy of the first SP administration was positively correlated with malaria incidences in children living in a distinct village or born in a distinct month (R 2 0.48, p < 0.04 and R 2 0.63, p < 0.003, respectively). Corresponding trends were seen after the second and third study drug administration. Accordingly, IgG levels against parasite lysate increased with malaria incidence. This correlation was stronger in children who received IPTi, indicating an effect modification of the intervention. Conclusion The spatial and temporal variations of malaria incidences in a geographically and meteorologically homogeneous study area exemplify the need for close monitoring of local incidence rates in all types of intervention studies. The increase of the protective efficacy of IPTi with malaria incidences relevant for IPTi implementation strategies and, possibly, for other malaria control measures. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Malaria, 1.00, 2), (Antibody, 1.00, 1), (Parasitism, 1.00, 1), (West_Africa, 0.99, 1), (Village, 0.99, 1), (Immune_system, 0.95, 1), (Ashanti, 0.86, 1), (IPTi, 0.80, 1), (Africa, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 252 === ArticleID: TL4IEK6OVS1RRG5P SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Remarks on the Cosmological Constant and the $\lambda\Phi^4$ Phase Transition | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9505323 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Phenomenology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We reanalyze the problem of the cosmological constant associated with the phase transition in a self-interacting scalar theory. It is pointed out that the generally accepted "triviality" of $(\lambda\Phi^4)_4$ implies a first-order phase transition. As a consequence, Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking can be consistent with zero cosmological constant if one assumes that it vanishes in the symmetric phase $<\Phi>=0$. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Cosmological_Constant, 1.00, 2), (Phase_transition, 1.00, 1), (Symmetry, 0.96, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.88, 1), (Physics, 0.86, 1), (Standard_Model, 0.75, 1), (Spontaneous_symmetry_breaking, 0.72, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.69, 1), (Superconductivity, 0.68, 1), (Scalar_(mathematics), 0.59, 1) | |
| === 253 === ArticleID: 8GAK00ZZT6M68HEL SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Lower critical field, anisotropy, and two-gap features of LiFeAs | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1004.1387 | |
| TAGS: [u'Superconductivity'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The magnetic properties of LiFeAs, as single crystalline and polycrystalline samples, were investigated. The lower critical field deduced from the vortex penetration of two single crystals appears to be almost isotropic with a temperature dependence closer to that of two-gap superconductors. The parameters extracted from the reversible magnetizations of sintered polycrystalline samples are in good agreement with those from the single crystal data. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Superconductivity, 1.00, 1), (Vortex, 0.99, 1), (Polycrystal, 0.96, 1), (Sintering, 0.96, 1), (Solid, 0.95, 1), (LiFeAs, 0.91, 1), (Isotropic, 0.87, 1), (Crystal, 0.84, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.83, 1), (Crystallite, 0.82, 1) | |
| === 254 === ArticleID: 6S7FNHP8S96WQAAE SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Pseudofree group actions on spheres | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0906.1529 | |
| TAGS: [u'Geometric Topology', u'Manifolds'] | |
| ABSTRACT: R. S. Kulkarni showed that a finite group acting pseudofreely, but not freely, preserving orientation, on an even-dimensional sphere (or suitable sphere-like space) is either a periodic group acting semifreely with two fixed points, a dihedral group acting with three singular orbits, or one of the polyhedral groups, occurring only in dimension 2. It is shown here that the dihedral group does not act pseudofreely and locally linearly on an actual n-sphere when n is congruent to 0 mod 4. The possibility of such an action when n is congruent to 2 mod 4 and n>2 remains open. Orientation-reversing actions are also considered. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Dihedral_group, 1.00, 1), (Group_action, 1.00, 12, (Fixed_point_(mathematics), 0.99, 1), (Manifold, 0.99, 1), (Group_(mathematics), 0.94, 1), (Finite_group, 0.90, 1), (R._S._Kulkarni, 0.87, 1), (Topology, 0.86, 1), (N-sphere, 0.74, 2), (Group_(periodic_table), 0.71, -1), (Vector_space, 0.70, 1), (Geometry, 0.69, 1), (Group_theory, 0.62, 1), (Symmetry_group, 0.60, 1), (Mathematics, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 255 === ArticleID: 40C18GDMSKTSPM73 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Optimal Combinatorial Batch Codes based on Block Designs | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.5505 | |
| TAGS: [u'Combinatorics', u'Discrete Mathematics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Batch codes, introduced by Ishai, Kushilevitz, Ostrovsky and Sahai, represent the distributed storage of an $n$-element data set on $m$ servers in such a way that any batch of $k$ data items can be retrieved by reading at most one (or more generally, $t$) items from each server, while keeping the total storage over $m$ servers equal to $N$. This paper considers a class of batch codes (for $t=1$), called combinatorial batch codes (CBC), where each server stores a subset of a database. A CBC is called optimal if the total storage $N$ is minimal for given $n, m$, and $k$. A $c$-uniform CBC is a combinatorial batch code where each item is stored in exactly $c$ servers. A $c$-uniform CBC is called optimal if its parameter $n$ has maximum value for given $m$ and $k$. Optimal $c$-uniform CBCs have been known only for $c\in\{2,k-1,k-2\}$. In this paper we present new constructions of optimal CBCs in both the uniform and general settings, for values of the parameters where tight bounds have not been established previously. In the uniform setting, we provide constructions of two new families of optimal uniform codes with $c\sim\sqrt{k}$. Our constructions are based on affine planes and transversal designs. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Combinatorics, 0.99, 2), (Discrete_mathematics, 0.98, 1), (CBCs, 0.92, 1), (Block_Designs, 0.84, 2), (Mathematics, 0.83, 1), (Discrete_Mathematics_(journal), 0.75, -1), (Set_theory, 0.67, 1) | |
| === 256 === ArticleID: YZEN5YOG264N08OA SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) in Another Big Cat: Should CDV Be Renamed Carnivore Distemper Virus? | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3774196/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <title>ABSTRACT</title><p>One of the greatest threats to the conservation of wild cat populations may be dogs or, at least, one of their viruses. Canine distemper virus (CDV), a single-stranded RNA virus in the <italic>Paramyxoviridae</italic> family and genus <italic>Morbillivirus</italic>, infects and causes disease in a variety of species, not just canids. An outbreak of CDV in wild lions in the Serengeti, Tanzania, in 1994 was a wake-up call for conservationists, as it demonstrated that an infectious disease could swiftly impact a previously healthy felid population. To understand how this virus causes disease in noncanid hosts, researchers have focused on specific mutations in the binding site of the CDV hemagglutinin gene. Now, Seimon et al. provide information on CDV in its latest feline victim, the endangered wild Amur tiger (<italic>Panthera tigris altaica</italic>) [T. A. Seimon et al., mBio 4(4):e00410-13, 2013, doi:10.1128/mBio.00410-13]. Their findings of CDV strains infecting tigers, in combination with recent information from other felids, paints a different picture, one in which CDV strains from a variety of geographic lineages and with a variety of amino acid residues in the hemagglutinin gene binding site can infect cats and cause disease. Although CDV has been known as a multihost disease since its discovery in domestic dogs in 1905, perhaps it is time to reconsider whether these noncanid species are not just incidental or “spillover” hosts but, rather, a normal part of the complex ecology of this infectious disease.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Siberian_tiger, 1.00, 1), (RNA_virus, 1.00, 1), (Paramyxoviridae, 1.00, 1), (Morbillivirus, 1.00, 1), (Canine_distemper, 1.00, 2), (Dog, 1.00, 1), (Genus, 1.00, 1), (Gene, 1.00, 1), (Infection, 1.00, 1), (Ecology, 1.00, 2), (Amino_acid, 1.00, 1), (Species, 1.00, 1), (Panthera, 1.00, 1), (Virus, 1.00, 2), (Serengeti, 0.97, 1), (Tiger, 0.96, 1), (CDV, 0.95, 1), (Mutation, 0.94, 1), (Carnivore, 0.93, 2), (Hemagglutinin, 0.85, 1), (Wildcat, 0.79, 2), (Felidae, 0.77, 1), (Lion, 0.76, 1), (RNA, 0.74, 1), (Cdv_Software_Entertainment, 0.57, -2) | |
| === 257 === ArticleID: D2OK6KVX3QSJNQYV SCORE: 1! | |
| TITLE: Abelian monopoles in finite temperature lattice gauge fields: Classically perfect action, smoothing and various Abelian gauges | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9809154 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Lattice'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Using the renormalization group motivated smoothing technique, the large scale structure of lattice configurations at finite temperature is characterized in terms of Abelian monopoles identified in the maximally Abelian, the Laplacian Abelian, and the Polyakov gauge. Abundance and anisotropy of monopoles at deconfinement and gauge invariant properties like local non-Abelian action and topological density are studied. Monopoles are predominantly found in regions of large action and topological charge, rather independent of the chosen gauge. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Topological_quantum_number, 1.00, 1), (Deconfinement, 1.00, 1), (Renormalization_group, 1.00, 1), (Observable_universe, 0.99, -2), (Laplace_operator, 0.98, 1), (Quantum_field_theory, 0.97, 1), (Gauge_theory, 0.97, 1), (Abelian, 0.89, 1), (String_theory, 0.83, 1), (Standard_Model, 0.80, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 258 === ArticleID: ES7EJZ4XK89BL41T SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Insecticide control in a Dengue epidemics model | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1007.5159 | |
| TAGS: [u'Biology', u'Optimization and Control', u'Populations and Evolution', u'Systems theory', u'control', u'natural sciences', u'optimal control'] | |
| ABSTRACT: A model for the transmission of dengue disease is presented. It consists of eight mutually-exclusive compartments representing the human and vector dynamics. It also includes a control parameter (insecticide) in order to fight the mosquitoes. The main goal of this work is to investigate the best way to apply the control in order to effectively reduce the number of infected humans and mosquitoes. A case study, using data of the outbreak that occurred in 2009 in Cape Verde, is presented. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Dengue_fever, 1.00, 2), (Insecticide, 1.00, 2), (Mosquito, 1.00, 2), (Systems_theory, 1.00, 2), (Epidemic, 0.99, 1), (Natural_science, 0.99, 1), (Mathematics, 0.98, 1), (Biology, 0.92, 1), (Scientific_method, 0.91, 1), (Science, 0.89, 1), (Optimal_control, 0.81, 1), (Epidemiology, 0.75, 1), (Natural_selection, 0.62, 1) | |
| === 259 === ArticleID: H0380WSUQ64PRZ3O SCORE: 1! | |
| TITLE: Electrostatic Conversion for Vibration Energy Harvesting | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.5191 | |
| TAGS: [u'Classical Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: This chapter focuses on vibration energy harvesting using electrostatic converters. It synthesizes the various works carried out on electrostatic devices, from concepts, models and up to prototypes, and covers both standard (electret-free) and electret-based electrostatic vibration energy harvesters (VEH). | |
| CONCEPTS: (Energy_harvesting, 1.00, 2), (Electrostatics, 0.99, 2), (Physics, 0.99, 1), (Energy, 0.95, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.95, -2), (Classical_Physics, 0.92, 1), (Classical_mechanics, 0.73, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.66, 1), (General_relativity, 0.65, -2) | |
| === 260 === ArticleID: 5XRYLSZDCXFJGI82 SCORE: 1! | |
| TITLE: Dineutron formation and breaking in $^8$He | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.4323 | |
| TAGS: [u'Nuclear Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We discuss the correlation of the spin-singlet two-neutron pair, the dineutron correlation, in the ground and excited $0^+$ states of $^8$He by using a method to describe the dineutron correlation in neutron-rich nuclei, the dineutron condensate wave function. The shell-model configuration and the dineutron configuration compete with each other in the ground state of $^8$He. We compare the ground state structure of $^8$He with that of $^6$He and suggest that the dineutron correlation is weaker in the ground state of $^8$He than $^6$He. We also suggest the possibility of the dineutron condensation in an excited $0^+$ state of $^8$He. In addition, we investigate the formation mechanism of the dineutron condensation in $^8$He by using a newly developed framework, $\alpha$ and dineutron condensate wave function, and conclude that the attraction from the core is essential for the formation of the dineutron condensation. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Neutronium, 1.00, 2), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.99, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 261 === ArticleID: W7BN3OU99DEY8WJK SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Mobility in the structure of E.coli recQ helicase upon substrate binding as seen from molecular dynamics simulations | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3280434/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Helicase mechanism', u'Homology modeling', u'Molecular Dynamics simulations', u'translocation', u'unwinding'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>RecQ helicases feature multiple domains in their structure, of which the helicase domain, the RecQ-Ct domain and the HRDC domains are well conserved among the SF 2 helicases. The helicase domain and the RecQ-Ct domain constitute the catalytic core of the enzyme. The domain interfaces are the DNA binding sites which display significant conformational changes in our molecular dynamics simulation studies. The preferred conformational states of the DNA bound and unbound forms of RecQ appear to be quite different from each other. DNA binding induces inter-domain flexibility leading to hinge mobility between the domains. The divergence in the dynamics of the two structures is caused by changes in the interactions at the domain interface, which seems to propagate along the whole protein structure. This could be essential in ssDNA binding after strand separation, as well as aiding translocation of the RecQ protein like an inch-worm.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Homology_modeling, 1.00, 1), (Molecular_Dynamics, 1.00, 2), (Helicase, 1.00, 2), (RecQ_helicase, 1.00, 1), (Inter-domain, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (DNA, 1.00, 1), (Enzyme_substrate_(biology), 0.95, 1) | |
| === 262 === ArticleID: 891BKQRF6T0QHNGV SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Testing the Higgs sector of the minimal supersymmetric standard model at large hadron colliders | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9203223 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Phenomenology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We study the Higgs sector of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, in the context of proton-proton collisions at LHC and SSC energies. We assume a relatively heavy supersymmetric particle spectrum, and include recent results on one-loop radiative corrections to Higgs-boson masses and couplings. We begin by discussing present and future constraints from the LEP experiments. We then compute branching ratios and total widths for the neutral ($h, H,A$) and charged ($H^\pm$) Higgs particles. We present total cross-sections and event rates for the important discovery channels at the LHC and SSC. Promising physics signatures are given by $h \to\gamma\gamma$, $H \to\gamma\gamma$ or $Z^* Z^*$ or $\tau^+ \tau^-$, $A \to\tau^+ \tau^-$, and $t \to b H^+$ followed by $H^+ \to\tau^+ \nu_{\tau}$, which should allow for an almost complete coverage of the parameter space of the model. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Higgs_boson, 1.00, 2), (Minimal_Supersymmetric_Standard_Model, 1.00, 1), (Branching_fraction, 1.00, 1), (Hadron, 1.00, 1), (Physics, 1.00, 1), (Supersymmetry, 0.98, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.97, 1), (Higgs_mechanism, 0.97, 1), (Renormalization, 0.95, 1), (Large_Hadron_Collider, 0.95, 2), (Standard_Model, 0.84, 1), (Elementary_particle, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 263 === ArticleID: 410UMDZV65FH1UIO SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: The Effect of Rearing Experience on the Behavior Patterns of Captive Male Alpine Musk Deer | |
| URL: http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/medwelljournals/javaa/2011/128-132.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus)', u'China', u'agonistic interaction', u'behavioral difference', u'in captivity', u'rearing experience'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The effects of maternal and peer separation during infancy were studied on adult male alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus) at Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm (XMDF) in Gansu province, China. The aim was to determine the effect of early experience on the behavior in adult deer. Doe Reared (DR) males remained with their mothers for a minimum of 3 months, prior to weaning which occurred annually in early October. Hand Reared (HR) males were removed from their parents before 3 weeks of age and reared in isolation, prior to weaning. Focal sampling was conducted on twenty two adult males (13 HR; 9 DR) to record the frequencies of 12 behavioral categories; resting, standing-alert, locomotion, ruminating, tail-pasting, urinating/defecating, environmental sniffing, self-directed behavior, ano-genital sniffing, affinitive interaction and agonistic interaction. The results showed that HR male musk deer demonstrate significantly more agonistic and less affinitive behavior when compared to DR males. This may be owing to the separation of HR deer from their peers and mother, in addition to proportionally greater contact with human caretakers. The results of this study have implication for musk deer farming. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Alpine_musk_deer, 1.00, 2), (Gansu, 1.00, 1), (Moschus, 1.00, 1), (Musk_deer, 1.00, 2), (China, 1.00, 2), (Deer, 1.00, 2), (Weaning, 0.98, 1), (Musk, 0.84, 1), (Behavior, 0.77, 2) | |
| === 264 === ArticleID: ZTZOVIETDBIKVXSQ SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Load Balanced Routing Mechanisms for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks | |
| URL: http://www.scirp.org/journal/paperdownload.aspx?doi=10.4236/ijcns.2009.27070 | |
| TAGS: [u'DLAR', u'Hop Count', u'LARA', u'Load Balanced Routing', u'Residual Battery Capacity'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Properties of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) like dynamic topology and decentralized connectivity make routing a challenging task. Moreover, overloaded nodes may deplete their energy in forwarding others pack-ets resulting in unstable network and performance degradation. In this paper we propose load-balancing schemes that distribute the traffic on the basis of three important metrics -residual battery capacity, average interface queue length and hop count along with the associated weight values. It helps to achieve load bal-ancing and to extend the entire network lifetime. Simulation results show that the proposed load-balancing schemes significantly enhance the network performance and outperform one of the most prominent ad hoc routing protocols AODV and previously proposed load balanced ad hoc routing protocols including DLAR and LARA in terms of average delay, packet delivery fraction and jitter. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Load_balancing_(computing), 1.00, 1), (Mobile_ad_hoc_network, 1.00, 1), (LARA, 0.98, 1), (Mobile, 0.94, 2), (Computer_network, 0.93, 2), (Routing, 0.92, 1), (DLAR, 0.91, 1), (Routing_protocol, 0.88, 1), (Topology, 0.85, 1), (Hop_count, 0.78, 1), (Proposal, 0.59, 0) | |
| === 265 === ArticleID: 1V8BQT1S26CWKZBS SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents in rural China on the use of antibiotics in children: a cross-sectional study | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3938908/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Antimicrobial agents', u'KAP', u'Medicating children', u'Self-medication'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background</title><p>The purpose of the study was to investigate parents’ perceptions of antibiotic use for their children, interactions between parents and physicians regarding treatment with antibiotics, and factors associated with parents self-medicating children with antibiotics.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in vaccination clinics in two rural Chinese counties. Primary caregivers (the child’s parents in 97% of cases) visiting these clinics for the vaccination of their young children were given a 55-item structured questionnaire to collect information on the parents’ knowledge and attitudes regarding when, why, and how to use antibiotics and on their practices of purchasing antibiotics and medicating children.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Of the 854 participating primary caregivers, 79% thought antibiotics could cure viral infections, and half believed that antibiotics could shorten the duration of upper respiratory tract infection. Parents reported a median of two hospital visits for their children during the previous 6 months, equal to the median number of antibiotic prescriptions received from physicians. Sixty-two percent of the parents had self-medicated their children with antibiotics. Living in rural villages (Adj OR = 1.643, 95% CI: 1.108–2.436), raising more than one child (Adj OR = 2.174, 95% CI: 1.485–3.183), increasing age of child (Adj OR = 1.146, 95% CI: 1.037–1.266), purchasing antibiotics without a prescription (Adj OR = 6.264, 95% CI: 4.144–9.469), storing antibiotics at home (Adj OR = 2.792, 95% CI: 1.961–3.975) and good adherence to physicians’ advice (Adj OR = 0.639, 95% CI: 0.451–0.906) were independently associated with self-medicating behavior.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Low levels of knowledge on the use of antibiotics and a high prevalence of self-medicating children with antibiotics were observed among parents in rural China. Interventions for the rational use of antibiotics in children should focus on strengthening mass health education, improving effective communication between physicians and patients, and enforcing supervision of the sale of antibiotics in retail pharmacies.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Cross-sectional_study, 1.00, 2), (Upper_respiratory_tract_infection, 1.00, 1), (Self-medication, 1.00, 1), (China, 1.00, 2), (Respiratory_system, 0.98, 1), (Antibiotic, 0.88, 2), (Upper_respiratory_tract, 0.80, 1), (Katter's_Australian_Party, 0.78, -2), (Infection, 0.68, 1), (Virus, 0.65, 1), (Bacteria, 0.63, 1), (Medicine, 0.62, 1) | |
| === 266 === ArticleID: UMB60VSINPSE5XDK SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Gran Torino's Hmong Lead Bee Vang on Film, Race, and Masculinity: Conversations with Louisa Schein | |
| URL: http://hmongstudies.org/scheinvanghsj11.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'Acting', u'Asian stereotypes', u'Bee Vang', u'Clint Eastwood', u'Detroit', u'Gran Torino', u'Hmong', u'Hmong media', u'Immigrants', u'Masculinity', u'race Asian masculinity', u'refugees'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Bee Vang, of Minneapolis, played the Hmong lead Thao Vang Lor in Clint Eastwood's 2008 Gran Torino. He was sixteen when he shot the film and had no acting training. For 27 days on location in urban Detroit he played before a Hollywood crew opposite an icon of the filmindustry doing multiple takes of each scene and camera angle. The shoot was full of unexpected twists and turns some of which he recounts in these interchanges with Hmong media expert Louisa Schein of the Departments of Anthropology and Women's and Gender Studies at Rutgers University. Over several conversations, condensed here, Vang and Schein talk about Gran Torino, about acting and film critique, about immigrants and stereotypes, about masculinity and sexuality, and about Vang's vision for what needs to change to address problems of race and inequality in and beyond media worlds. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Bee_Vang, 1.00, 2), (Clint_Eastwood, 1.00, 1), (Detroit, 1.00, 1), (Gran_Torino_(film), 0.99, 2), (Asian, 0.99, 1), (Thao_Vang_Lor, 0.95, 1), (Gran_Torino, 0.91, 2), (Hmong, 0.88, 2), (Louisa_Schein, 0.85, 1), (Kyle_Eastwood, 0.79, 1), (Gender, 0.73, 2), (Malpaso_Productions, 0.69, 1), (Anthropology, 0.68, 1), (Changeling_(film), 0.66, -2) | |
| === 267 === ArticleID: 0GCNRP9G9AEVTTI7 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Effects of the Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN throughout the Life Cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3711820/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) induce positive effects in plants, such as increased growth or reduced stress susceptibility. The mechanisms behind PGPR/plant interaction are poorly understood, as most studies have described short-term responses on plants and only a few studies have analyzed plant molecular responses under PGPR colonization. Here, we studied the effects of the PGPR bacterial model <named-content content-type="genus-species"><named-content content-type="genus">Burkholderia</named-content><italic><named-content content-type="species">phytofirmans</named-content></italic></named-content> PsJN on the whole life cycle of <italic><named-content content-type="genus-species">Arabidopsis thaliana</named-content></italic> plants. We reported that at different plant developmental points, strain PsJN can be found in the rhizosphere and also colonizing their internal tissues. In early ontogeny, strain PsJN increased several growth parameters and accelerated growth rate of the plants. Also, an <named-content content-type="genus-species">Arabidopsis</named-content> transcriptome analysis revealed that 408 genes showed differential expression in PsJN-inoculated plants; some of these genes are involved in stress response and hormone pathways. Specifically, genes implicated in auxin and gibberellin pathways were induced. Quantitative transcriptional analyses of selected genes in different developmental stages revealed that the beginning of these changes could be evidenced early in development, especially among the down-regulated genes. The inoculation with heat-killed bacteria provoked a more severe transcriptional response in plants, but was not able to induce plant growth-promotion. Later in ontogeny, the growth rates of inoculated plants decreased with respect to the non-inoculated group and, interestingly, the inoculation accelerated the flowering time and the appearance of senescence signs in plants; these modifications correlate with the early up-regulation of flowering control genes. Then, we show that a single inoculation with a PGPR could affect the whole life cycle of a plant, accelerating its growth rate and shortening its vegetative period, both effects relevant for most crops. Thus, these findings provide novel and interesting aspects of these relevant biological interactions.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Gibberellin, 1.00, 1), (Burkholderia, 1.00, 1), (Ontogeny, 1.00, 1), (Arabidopsis_thaliana, 1.00, 1), (Rhizosphere, 1.00, 1), (Rhizobacteria, 1.00, 1), (Auxin, 1.00, 1), (Genus, 1.00, 1), (Inoculation, 1.00, 1), (Bacteria, 1.00, 1), (Senescence, 1.00, 1), (Species, 1.00, 1), (Gene, 0.96, 1), (Organism, 0.91, 1), (Gene_expression, 0.88, 1), (Life, 0.87, 1), (Genetics, 0.81, 1), (Developmental_biology, 0.74, 1) | |
| === 268 === ArticleID: R1RNPELA7PTG6NF0 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Quality and Cost Assessment of Treatment with SiMg and NiCuMg Master Alloys vs Cored Wire in Production of Ductile Iron | |
| URL: http://www.afe.polsl.pl/index.php/pl/539/quality-and-cost-assessment-of-treatment-with-simg-and-nicumg-master-alloys-vs-cored-wire-in-production-of-ductile-iron.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'Cored wire', u'Costs', u'Ductile cast iron', u'Nodular graphite', u'PE method'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The results of studies on the use of magnesium alloy in modern cored wire injection method for production of nodular and vermicular graphite cast irons were described. The injection of Mg cored wire length is a treatment method which can be used to process high sulphur cupola iron held in ladles or iron melted in an electric induction furnace. This paper describes the results of using a high-magnesium ferrosilicon alloy in cored wire (Mg recovery 47-70% ) for the production of vermicular and nodular graphite cast irons at Ścinawka Foundry, and for the production of nodular graphite iron at the following foundries: GZUT, KRAKODLEW, Centrozap - DEFKA, EE Zawiercie, WSK–Rzeszów, FWM PRZYSUCHA, HSW Stalowa Wola and PIOMA. The results of calculations and experiments have indicated the length of the cored wire to be injected basing on the initial sulfur content and weight of the treated melt. The results of numerous trials have shown that the magnesium cored wire process can produce high quality nodular and vermicular graphite irons under the specific industrial conditions of the above mentioned foundries. It has also been proved that in the manufacture of nodular graphite iron, the cost of the nodulariser in the form of elastic cored wire is lower than the cost of the FeSiMg or NiCuMg master alloys. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Ferrosilicon, 1.00, 1), (Induction_furnace, 1.00, 1), (Magnesium, 1.00, 1), (Sulfur, 1.00, 1), (Graphite, 1.00, 1), (Iron, 0.99, 2), (Cupola, 0.99, 1), (Cost_Assessment_of_Treatment, 0.91, 1), (Ductile_iron, 0.84, 1), (Cast_iron, 0.84, 1), (Stalowa_Wola, 0.74, 1), (Ścinawka_Foundry, 0.63, 1), (Electric_arc_furnace, 0.57, 1) | |
| === 269 === ArticleID: P0R4DE41DHGNBBPZ SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Designing And Implementing WBIs for Algorithms | |
| URL: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/view/10883 | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: Many researchers and academicians suggested that there is a need to change the way knowledge is being imparted. It is suggested that along with the traditional teaching and learning method there must be few equipments, tools and frameworks that could provide assistance to both learners and the instructors. This paper presents a framework for WBIs for algorithm learning which will be working as a teaching aid. The framework presented in this paper is aimed to offer the systematic learning of the algorithm for learners of diversified knowledge level and to provide a personal assistance. The paper also discusses the environment and attributes of WBIs for algorithm which will be encouraging interactive learning. Furthermore paper describes the various development phases, architecture and flow of the overall system and presents the WBIs development model and model which depicts the system’s flow. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Algorithm, 1.00, 2), (WBIs, 1.00, 1), (Learning, 0.91, 2), (Psychology, 0.85, 1), (Education, 0.84, 2), (History_of_education, 0.77, 1), (Educational_psychology, 0.76, 1), (WPXN-TV, 0.72, -2), (Computer_programming, 0.67, 0) | |
| === 270 === ArticleID: J02UMPT320W12I61 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: A Human Dynamin-related Protein Controls the Distribution of Mitochondria | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2132828/ | |
| TAGS: [u'GTPase', u'dnm1', u'mitochondrial morphology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Mitochondria exist as a dynamic tubular network with projections that move, break, and reseal in response to local environmental changes. We present evidence that a human dynamin-related protein (Drp1) is specifically required to establish this morphology. Drp1 is a GTPase with a domain structure similar to that of other dynamin family members. To identify the function of Drp1, we transiently transfected cells with mutant Drp1. A mutation in the GTPase domain caused profound alterations in mitochondrial morphology. The tubular projections normally present in wild-type cells were retracted into large perinuclear aggregates in cells expressing mutant Drp1. The morphology of other organelles was unaffected by mutant Drp1. There was also no effect of mutant Drp1 on the transport functions of the secretory and endocytic pathways. By EM, the mitochondrial aggregates found in cells that were transfected with mutant Drp1 appear as clusters of tubules rather than a large mass of coalescing membrane. We propose that Drp1 is important for distributing mitochondrial tubules throughout the cell. The function of this new dynamin-related protein in organelle morphology represents a novel role for a member of the dynamin family of proteins.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Dynamin, 1.00, 2), (Organelle, 1.00, 1), (GTPase, 1.00, 1), (Mitochondrion, 1.00, 2), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (Mutation, 0.99, 1), (Cell_(biology), 0.95, 1), (Morphology_(biology), 0.91, 1), (Mutant, 0.90, 1), (DNA, 0.75, 1), (Cytosol, 0.66, 1), (Cell_biology, 0.65, 1), (Tubule, 0.63, 1), (Eukaryote, 0.60, 1), (Cytoplasm, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 271 === ArticleID: B2KOKGJ8ECDWQ7EC SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Radiative Generation of the Lepton Mass | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.4360 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Phenomenology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We propose a new mechanism where both Dirac masses for the charged-leptons and Majorana masses for neutrinos are generated via quantum levels. The charged-lepton masses are given by the vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of the Higgs doublet field and that of a triplet field. On the other hand, neutrino masses are generated by two VEVs of triplet Higgs fields. As a result, the hierarchy between the masses for charged-leptons and neutrinos can be explained by the triplet VEVs which have to be much smaller than the doublet VEV due to the constraint from the electroweak rho parameter. We construct a concrete model to realize this mechanism with discrete $\mathbb{Z}_2$ and $\mathbb{Z}_4$ symmetries, in which masses for neutrinos and those for the muon and electron are generated at the one-loop level. As a bonus in our model, the deviation in the measured muon $g-2$ from the standard model prediction can be explained by contributions of extra particle loops. Besides, the lightest $\mathbb{Z}_2$-odd neutral particle can be a dark matter candidate. The collider phenomenology is also discussed, especially focusing on doubly-charged scalar bosons which are necessary to introduce to occur our mechanism. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Vacuum_expectation_value, 1.00, 1), (Neutrino, 1.00, 2), (Majorana_equation, 1.00, 1), (Dark_matter, 1.00, 1), (Electron, 1.00, 1), (Phenomenology, 0.99, 1), (Muon, 0.99, 1), (Lepton, 0.98, 2), (Standard_Model, 0.98, 1), (Paul_Dirac, 0.97, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.89, 1), (Higgs_boson, 0.70, 1), (Elementary_particle, 0.69, 1), (Quantum_field_theory, 0.62, 1), (Scalar_(mathematics), 0.59, 1), (Photon, 0.57, 1), (Lepton_Mass, 0.47, 2) | |
| === 272 === ArticleID: 2V7AUKANKJ7TTCHR SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Duration of rise in free fatty acids determines salicylate's effect on hepatic insulin sensitivity | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3601809/ | |
| TAGS: [u'free fatty acids', u'glucose metabolism', u'insulin resistance', u'liver'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>We have shown in rats that sodium salicylate (SS), which inhibits IkBa kinase B (IKKB), prevents hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance caused by short-term (7 h) i. v. administration of Intralipid and heparin (IH). We wished to further determine whether this beneficial effect of SS persisted after prolonged (48 h) IH infusion, which better mimics the chronic free fatty acid (FFA) elevation of obesity. Hence, we performed hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps with tritiated glucose methodology to determine hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in rats infused with saline, IH, IH and SS, or SS alone. SS prevented peripheral insulin resistance (<italic>P</italic><0.05) caused by prolonged plasma FFA elevation; however, it did not prevent hepatic insulin resistance. In skeletal muscle, protein levels of phospho-IkBa were augmented by prolonged IH administration and this was prevented by SS, suggesting that IH activates while SS prevents the activation of IKKB. Markers of IKKB activation, namely protein levels of phospho-IkBa and IkBa, indicated that IKKB is not activated in the liver after prolonged FFA elevation. Phosphorylation of serine 307 at insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, which is a marker of proximal insulin resistance, was not altered by IH administration in the liver, suggesting that this is not a site of hepatic insulin resistance in the prolonged lipid infusion model. Our results suggest that the role of IKKB in fat-induced insulin resistance is time and tissue dependent and that hepatic insulin resistance induced by prolonged lipid elevation is not due to an IRS-1 serine 307 kinase.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Sodium_salicylate, 1.00, 2), (Insulin_resistance, 1.00, 2), (IRS1, 1.00, 1), (Intralipid, 1.00, 1), (Heparin, 1.00, 1), (Phosphorylation, 1.00, 1), (Protein, 1.00, 1), (Glucose, 1.00, 1), (Lipid, 1.00, 1), (Serine, 1.00, 1), (Tritium, 1.00, 1), (Skeletal_striated_muscle, 1.00, 1), (Fatty_acid, 1.00, 1), (Insulin, 0.98, 1), (Kinase, 0.98, 1), (Plasma_(physics), 0.93, -1), (Carbohydrate_metabolism, 0.93, 1), (Fat, 0.79, 1), (Nutrition, 0.79, 1), (Obesity, 0.65, 1), (Glycogen, 0.63, 1), (Diabetes_mellitus, 0.62, 2) | |
| === 273 === ArticleID: WVHSK5OLD8HKF8EB SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Symbiotic Miras vs. Planetary Nebulae in the Near Infrared | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0208115 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: While symbiotic Miras and planetary nebulae are hard to distinguish by optical spectroscopy, their near infrared colors differ. We propose the near infrared two-color diagram to be an excellent tool to easily distinguish these two classes of objects. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Optical_spectroscopy, 1.00, 1), (Planetary_nebula, 1.00, 1), (Symbiosis, 1.00, 1), (Infrared, 1.00, 1), (Sun, 0.98, 1), (Electromagnetic_radiation, 0.97, 1), (Spectroscopy, 0.94, 1), (Near_Infrared, 0.92, 1), (Near_infrared_spectroscopy, 0.90, 1), (Infrared_spectroscopy, 0.87, 1), (Astronomy, 0.79, 1) | |
| === 274 === ArticleID: W2H6FMZRMG6WCN0T SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Atrial fibrillation ablation guided with electroanatomical mapping system: A one year follow up | |
| URL: http://mji.ui.ac.id/journal/index.php/mji/article/view/400 | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: Aim AF is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice and associated with an increased long-term risk of stroke, heart failure, and all-cause mortality. Catheter ablation of AF is relatively new modality to convert AF to sinus rhythm. This study was aimed to elaborate efficacy of catheter ablation in mixed type of AF. Methods Thirty patients (age of 52 ± 8 yo) comprised of 19 paroxysmal and 11 chronic AF underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation guided by electroanatomical CARTO™ mapping system. We used step wise ablation approach with circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) as a cornerstone. Additional ablation comprised of roof line, mitral isthmus line, complex fractionated atrial electrogram (CFAE), septal line and coronary sinus ablation was done respectively if indicated. All patients were followed up to 1 year for AF recurrence. Results Circumferential PVI was successfully performed in all patients but one. Average follow up period was 11.5 months. More than 80% of all patients remain in sinus rhythm at the end of follow period which 62% of them were free from any anti-arrhythmic drug. No major complication in all patients series. Conclusion Radiofrequency ablation guided with electroanatomical mapping is effective and safe in mixed type of AF. (Med J Indones 2009;19:172-8) Key words: Ablation, atrial fibrillation, electroanatomical, Indonesia | |
| CONCEPTS: (Sinus_rhythm, 1.00, 1), (Catheter_ablation, 1.00, 1), (Radiofrequency_ablation, 1.00, 1), (Atrial_fibrillation, 1.00, 2), (Pulmonary_vein, 1.00, 1), (Cardiac_dysrhythmia, 1.00, 1), (Ablation, 0.99, 1), (AF, 0.99, 1), (Heart_failure, 0.96, 1), (Heart, 0.96, 1), (Coronary_sinus, 0.64, 1) | |
| === 275 === ArticleID: 3M1I18O6551U1RNX SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Surgery on Lagrangian and Legendrian Singularities | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/dg-ga/9706005 | |
| TAGS: [u'Differential Geometry', u'Manifolds', u'Symplectic Geometry'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Let $\pi: E\to M$ be a smooth fiber bundle whose total space is a symplectic manifold and whose fibers are Lagrangian. Let $L$ be an embedded Lagrangian submanifold of $E$. In the paper we address the following question: how can one simplify the singularities of the projection $\pi: L \to M$ by a Hamiltonian isotopy of $L$ inside $E$? We give an answer in the case when $dim L = 2$ and both $L$ and $M$ are orientable. A weaker version of the result is proved in the higher-dimensional case. Similar results hold in the contact category. As a corollary one gets an answer to one of the questions of V. Arnold about the four cusps on the caustic in the case of the Lagrangian collapse. As another corollary we disprove Y. Chekanov's conjecture about singularities of the Lagrangian projection of certain Lagrangian tori in $R^4$. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Fiber_bundle, 1.00, 1), (Symplectic_Geometry, 1.00, 1), (Symplectomorphism, 1.00, 1), (Symplectic_manifold, 1.00, 1), (Differential_geometry, 0.98, 1), (Lagrangian, 0.98, 1), (Orientability, 0.97, 1), (Cusp_(anatomy), 0.86, -1), (Differential_topology, 0.82, 1), (Manifold, 0.82, 1), (Hamiltonian_mechanics, 0.76, 1), (Mathematics, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 276 === ArticleID: IGFKQJIRNZB0DCPS SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Constraints on resonant particle production during inflation from the matter and CMB power spectra | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0406046 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics', u'General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We analyze the limits on resonant particle production during inflation based upon the power spectrum of fluctuations in matter and the cosmic microwave background. We show that such a model is consistent with features observed in the matter power spectrum deduced from galaxy surveys and damped Lyman-alpha systems at high redshift. It also provides an alternative explanation for the excess power observed in the power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background fluctuations in the range of 1000 < l < 3500. For our best-fit models, epochs of resonant particle creation reenter the horizon at wave numbers 0.4 and/or 0.2 (h/Mpc). The amplitude and location of these features correspond to the creation of fermion species of mass 1-2 Mpl during inflation with a coupling constant between the inflaton field and the created fermion species of near unity. Although the evidence is marginal, if this interpretation is correct, this could be one of the first observational hints of new physics at the Planck scale. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Matter_power_spectrum, 1.00, 1), (Inflaton, 1.00, 1), (Quantum_cosmology, 1.00, 1), (Cosmic_microwave_background, 1.00, 1), (Parsec, 1.00, 1), (Curve_fitting, 1.00, 1), (Fermion, 1.00, 1), (Redshift_survey, 1.00, 1), (General_relativity, 1.00, 1), (Physics, 1.00, 1), (Species, 1.00, 1), (Amplitude, 1.00, 1), (Redshift, 0.99, 1), (Planck_scale, 0.98, 1), (Universe, 0.97, 1), (Coupling_constant, 0.97, 1), (Wavelength, 0.91, 1), (Physical_cosmology, 0.88, 1), (Big_Bang, 0.83, 1), (Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation, 0.79, 1), (Lyman_series, 0.75, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.62, 1) | |
| === 277 === ArticleID: A5DRWN35BFH0QRPO SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: NECESSITY FOR INTEGRATION OF MEDIA EDUCATION AND MATHEMATICS IN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY | |
| URL: http://md.islu.ru/sites/md.islu.ru/files/rar/statya__3_mindeeva_posled_niy_variant.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'engineer', u'fundamental education', u'integration', u'mathematics', u'media competence', u'media education', u'media education elements', u'student', u'technical university'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The article deals with a pressing problem to increase student's interest in mathematics studying. The purpose is to give the solution of the problem – to improve the quality of fundamental preparation of technical university students through integration of media education into educational process. The author gives various arguments based on the quotes of outstanding teachers. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Media_literacy, 0.98, 2), (Education, 0.97, 2), (Student, 0.94, 1), (Engineer, 0.89, 1), (University, 0.83, 2), (Mathematics, 0.78, 2) | |
| === 278 === ArticleID: 04AB0SV1FG126LKA SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Radio emission from early-type galaxies and cosmic microwave background experiments | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0407561 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We investigate the possible contribution from the emission of accretion flows around supermassive black holes in early type galaxies to current measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) at radio frequencies. We consider a range of luminosities suggested by targeted radio observations and accretion models and compute the residual contribution of these sources to the spectrum and bispectrum of the observed CMB maps. As for high-resolution CMB experiments, we find that the unresolved component of these sources could make up to 40-50% of the observed CBI and BIMA power spectrum at l > 2000. As a consequence, the inferred sigma_8^{SZ} value could be biased high by up to 6-7%. As for all sky experiments, we find that the contribution of accretion-flow sources to the WMAP bispectrum is at the 2-3 per cent level at most. At the flux limit that Planck will achieve, however, these sources may contribute up to 15 per cent of the bispectrum in the 60-100 GHz frequency range. Moreover, Planck should detect hundreds of these sources in the 30-300 GHz frequency window. These detections, possibly coupled with galaxy type confirmation from optical surveys, will allow number counts to put tighter constraints on early-type galaxies radio luminosity and accretion flows properties. These sources may also contribute up to the 30 per cent level to the residual radio sources power spectrum in future high-resolution SZ surveys (like ACT or APEX) reaching mJy flux limits. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Jansky, 1.00, 1), (Cosmic_microwave_background, 1.00, 2), (Galaxy, 1.00, 2), (Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation, 0.98, 1), (Bispectrum, 0.98, 1), (Planck, 0.93, 1), (Hertz, 0.92, 1), (Supermassive_black_hole, 0.89, 1), (Microwave, 0.82, 1), (Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe, 0.80, 1), (Frequency, 0.77, 1), (Milky_Way, 0.73, 1), (Accretion_(astrophysics), 0.73, 1), (Universe, 0.68, 1), (Big_Bang, 0.67, 1), (Black_holes, 0.66, 1) | |
| === 279 === ArticleID: 1CMR1USFINBXY560 SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: Exotica possibility of new observations by BES | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0712.3627 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Phenomenology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The employment of interpolating currents of existed studies of four-quark state and glueball with QCD sum rule approach is analyzed. In terms of suitable currents, the masses of the lowest lying scalar and pseudo-scalar glueball were determined. The masses of some tetraquark states and their first orbital excitations were obtained through a combination of the sum rule with the constituent quark model. Exotica possibility of the new observations by BES is discussed. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Tetraquark, 1.00, 1), (Constituent_quark, 1.00, 1), (Pseudoscalar, 1.00, 1), (Glueball, 1.00, 1), (Quantum_chromodynamics, 0.98, 1), (Quark, 0.95, 2), (Particle_physics, 0.93, 1), (Exotica, 0.89, 2), (Standard_Model, 0.75, 1), (Matter, 0.67, 1), (Hadron, 0.60, 1), (Scalar_(mathematics), 0.59, 1) | |
| === 280 === ArticleID: GRQ3465W7PFNSAOQ SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Gravitational Radiation from Coalescing Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in a Hierarchical Galaxy Formation Model | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0502529 | |
| TAGS: [u'Astrophysics', u'General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We investigate the expected gravitational wave emission from coalescing supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries resulting from mergers of their host galaxies. We employ a semi-analytic model of galaxy and quasar formation based on the hierarchical clustering scenario to estimate the amplitude of the expected stochastic gravitational wave background owing to inspiraling SMBH binaries and bursts rates owing to the SMBH binary coalescence events. We find that the characteristic strain amplitude of the background radiation is $h_c(f) \sim10^{-16} (f/1 \mu{\rm Hz})^{-2/3}$ for $f \lesssim1 \mu{\rm Hz}$. The main contribution to the total strain amplitude of the background radiation comes from SMBH coalescence events at $0<z<1$. We also find that a future space-based gravitational wave interferometer such as the planned \textit{Laser Interferometer Space Antenna} ({\sl LISA}) might detect intense gravitational wave bursts associated with coalescence of SMBH binaries with total mass $M_{\rm tot} < 10^7 M_{\odot}$ at $z \gtrsim2$ at a rate $ \sim1.0 {\rm yr}^{-1}$. Our model predicts that burst signals with a larger amplitude $h_{\rm burst} \sim10^{-15}$ correspond to coalescence events of massive SMBH binary with total mass $M_{\rm tot} \sim10^8 M_{\odot}$ at low redshift $ z \lesssim1$ at a rate $ \sim0.1 {\rm yr}^{-1}$ whereas those with a smaller amplitude $h_{\rm burst} \sim10^{-17}$ correspond to coalescence events of less massive SMBH binary with total mass $M_{\rm tot} \sim10^6 M_{\odot}$ at high redshift $ z \gtrsim3$. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Supermassive_black_hole, 1.00, 2), (Quasar, 1.00, 1), (Quantum_cosmology, 1.00, 1), (Subanalytic_set, 1.00, 1), (Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna, 1.00, 1), (Gravitational_wave, 1.00, 1), (General_relativity, 1.00, 1), (Amplitude, 1.00, 1), (Interferometry, 0.99, 1), (Redshift, 0.99, 1), (Galaxy, 0.99, 1), (Black_hole, 0.96, 2), (Background_radiation, 0.95, 1), (Stochastic, 0.87, 1), (Astrophysics, 0.84, 1), (Gravitation, 0.83, 1), (Dark_matter, 0.66, 1) | |
| === 281 === ArticleID: 5J3I12DYF5SULX7U SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: Stress and Reproductive Hormones in Grizzly Bears Reflect Nutritional Benefits and Social Consequences of a Salmon Foraging Niche | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3842319/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Physiological indicators of social and nutritional stress can provide insight into the responses of species to changes in food availability. In coastal British Columbia, Canada, grizzly bears evolved with spawning salmon as an abundant but spatially and temporally constrained food source. Recent and dramatic declines in salmon might have negative consequences on bear health and ultimately fitness. To examine broadly the chronic endocrine effects of a salmon niche, we compared cortisol, progesterone, and testosterone levels in hair from salmon-eating bears from coastal BC (n = 75) with the levels in a reference population from interior BC lacking access to salmon (n = 42). As predicted, testosterone was higher in coastal bears of both sexes relative to interior bears, possibly reflecting higher social density on the coast mediated by salmon availability. We also investigated associations between the amount of salmon individual bears consumed (as measured by stable isotope analysis) and cortisol and testosterone in hair. Also as predicted, cortisol decreased with increasing dietary salmon and was higher after a year of low dietary salmon than after a year of high dietary salmon. These findings at two spatial scales suggest that coastal bears might experience nutritional or social stress in response to on-going salmon declines, providing novel insights into the effects of resource availability on fitness-related physiology.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Isotope_analysis, 1.00, 1), (Grizzly_bear, 1.00, 2), (British_Columbia, 1.00, 1), (Species, 1.00, 1), (Testosterone, 0.99, 1), (Endocrine_system, 0.99, 1), (Cortisol, 0.85, 1), (Bears, 0.79, 2), (Nutrition, 0.77, 2), (Protein, 0.58, 1), (Columbia_River, 0.58, 2) | |
| === 282 === ArticleID: 99S0HGA0STC97SVR SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Possible mechanism of polyspermy block in human oocytes observed by time-lapse cinematography | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3463667/ | |
| TAGS: [u'Embryonic development', u'Human fertilization process', u'Polyspermy block', u'Time-lapse cinematography (TLC)', u'Zona pellucida'] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Purpose</title><p>To analyze the fertilization process related to polyspermy block in human oocytes using an in vitro culturing system for time-lapse cinematography.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We had 122 oocytes donated for this study from couples that provided informed consent. We recorded human oocytes at 2,000 to 2,800 frames every 10 s during the fertilization process and thereafter every 2 min using a new in vitro culture system originally developed by the authors for time-lapse cinematography. We displayed 30 frames per second for analysis of the polyspermy block during fertilization.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Three oocytes showed the leading and following sperm within the zona pellucida in the same microscopic field. The dynamic images obtained during the fertilization process using this new system revealed that once a leading sperm penetrated the zona pellucida and attached to the oocyte membrane, a following sperm was arrested from further penetration into the zona pellucida within 10 s.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The present results strongly suggest the existence of a novel mechanism of polyspermy block that takes place at the zona pellucida immediately after fertilization. These findings are clearly different from previous mechanisms describing polyspermy block as the oocyte membrane block to sperm penetration and the zona reaction. The finding presented herein thus represents a novel discovery about the highly complicated polyspermy block mechanism occurring in human oocytes.</p></sec><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10815-012-9815-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Oocyte, 1.00, 2), (Polyspermy, 1.00, 1), (Zona_pellucida, 1.00, 1), (Cortical_reaction, 1.00, 1), (Human_fertilization, 1.00, 2), (Time-lapse, 0.99, 1), (Spermatozoon, 0.97, 1), (Cinematography, 0.97, 1), (Sperm, 0.92, 1), (TLC_(TV_network), 0.82, -1), (Zygote, 0.82, 1), (Germ_cells, 0.80, 1), (Reproduction, 0.64, 1), (Informed_consent, 0.63, 1), (TLC, 0.58, 1) | |
| === 283 === ArticleID: CLJD6YAE8ZDRWK7G SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the rectum: a case report. | |
| URL: http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/file/30452/fulltext.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'primary lymphoma', u'rectum', u'surgical treatment'] | |
| ABSTRACT: A rare gastrointestinal tract neoplasm, primary non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma in a 39-year-old, asymptomatic woman is described. The tumor was originally localized in the rectum without evidence of any other lymphoma-involved organ and treated by curative surgical procedure associated with postoperative chemotherapy. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Non-Hodgkin_lymphoma, 1.00, 2), (Neoplasm, 1.00, 1), (Chemotherapy, 1.00, 1), (Human_gastrointestinal_tract, 1.00, 1), (Lymphoma, 0.99, 1), (B-cell_lymphoma, 0.98, 2), (Asymptomatic, 0.80, 1), (Cancer, 0.76, 1), (Surgery, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 284 === ArticleID: CCQUEPCRAZY40POJ SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: A Network Simulation Tool for Task Scheduling | |
| URL: http://ojs.cvut.cz/ojs/index.php/ap/article/view/1658 | |
| TAGS: [u'DAG scheduling', u'network simulation', u'simulation', u'task scheduling'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Distributed computing may be looked at from many points of view. Task scheduling is the viewpoint, where a distributed application can be described as a Directed Acyclic Graph and every node of the graph is executed independently. There are, however, data dependencies and the nodes have to be executed in a specified order. Hence the parallelism of the execution is limited. The scheduling problem is difficult and therefore heuristics are used. However, many inaccuracies are caused by the model used for the system, in which the heuristics are being tested. In this paper we present a tool for simulating the execution of the distributed application on a “real” computer network, and try to tell how the executionis influenced compared to the model. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Directed_acyclic_graph, 1.00, 2), (Scheduling_(computing), 1.00, 2), (Distributed_computing, 1.00, 1), (Network_simulation, 1.00, 1), (Graph_(mathematics), 0.97, 1), (Computer_science, 0.96, 1), (Heuristic, 0.92, 1), (Computer_program, 0.86, 1), (Graph_theory, 0.82, 1), (Computer_graphics, 0.80, -1), (Operations_research, 0.79, 1), (Computer, 0.77, 1) | |
| === 285 === ArticleID: LYMQXKXQ7A3PHJPG SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Measuring and modeling continuous quality distributions of soil organic matter | |
| URL: http://www.biogeosciences.net/7/27/2010/bg-7-27-2010.pdf | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: An understanding of the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) is important for our ability to develop management practices that preserve soil quality and sequester carbon. Most SOM decomposition models represent the heterogeneity of organic matter by a few discrete compartments with different turnover rates, while other models employ a continuous quality distribution. To make the multi-compartment models more mechanistic in nature, it has been argued that the compartments should be related to soil fractions actually occurring and having a functional role in the soil. In this paper, we make the case that fractionation methods that can measure continuous quality distributions should be developed, and that the temporal development of these distributions should be incorporated into SOM models. The measured continuous SOM quality distributions should hold valuable information not only for model development, but also for direct interpretation. Measuring continuous distributions requires that the measurements along the quality variable are so frequent that the distribution approaches the underlying continuum. Continuous distributions lead to possible simplifications of the model formulations, which considerably reduce the number of parameters needed to describe SOM turnover. A general framework for SOM models representing SOM across measurable quality distributions is presented and simplifications for specific situations are discussed. Finally, methods that have been used or have the potential to be used to measure continuous quality SOM distributions are reviewed. Generally, existing fractionation methods will have to be modified to allow measurement of distributions or new fractionation techniques will have to be developed. Developing the distributional models in concert with the fractionation methods to measure the distributions will be a major task. We hope the current paper will help generate the interest needed to accommodate this. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Multi-compartment_model, 1.00, 1), (Carbon, 1.00, 1), (Organic_matter, 0.98, 1), (Measurement, 0.97, 1), (Soil, 0.92, 1), (SOM, 0.87, 1), (Soil_organic_matter, 0.85, 2), (Probability_distribution, 0.74, 1), (Humus, 0.60, 1) | |
| === 286 === ArticleID: 9REBDF3XCIZG1LC0 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Reaction networks as systems for resource allocation: A variational principle for their non-equilibrium steady states | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.4909 | |
| TAGS: [u'Biological Physics', u'Disordered Systems and Neural Networks', u'Molecular Networks'] | |
| ABSTRACT: Within a fully microscopic setting, we derive a variational principle for the non-equilibrium steady states of chemical reaction networks, valid for time-scales over which chemical potentials can be taken to be slowly varying: at stationarity the system minimizes a global function of the reaction fluxes with the form of a Hopfield Hamiltonian with Hebbian couplings, that is explicitly seen to correspond to the rate of decay of entropy production over time. Guided by this analogy, we show that reaction networks can be formally re-cast as systems of interacting reactions that optimize the use of the available compounds by competing for substrates, akin to agents competing for a limited resource in an optimal allocation problem. As an illustration, we analyze the scenario that emerges in two simple cases: that of toy (random) reaction networks and that of a metabolic network model of the human red blood cell. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Chemical_potential, 1.00, 1), (Red_blood_cell, 1.00, 2), (Variational_principle, 1.00, 1), (Chemical_reaction, 0.99, 1), (Enzyme_substrate_(biology), 0.99, 1), (Entropy, 0.94, 1), (Disordered_Systems_and_Neural_Networks, 0.93, 1), (Hebbian_theory, 0.92, 1), (Energy, 0.88, 1), (Physics, 0.87, 1), (Chemistry, 0.85, 1), (Molecular_Networks, 0.83, 2), (Blood, 0.74, 1), (Hamiltonian_(quantum_mechanics), 0.73, -1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.73, 1) | |
| === 287 === ArticleID: EGGR8U9UJ865WXTF SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: On First-Order Definable Colorings | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1403.1995 | |
| TAGS: [u'Combinatorics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We address the problem of characterizing $H$-coloring problems that are first-order definable on a fixed class of relational structures. In this context, we give several characterizations of a homomorphism dualities arising in a class of structure. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Model_theory, 0.93, 1), (Set_theory, 0.80, 1), (Algebra, 0.74, 1), (Discrete_mathematics, 0.72, 1) | |
| === 288 === ArticleID: KCCUEYZLDYHXX42N SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Electron Decay | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0312325 | |
| TAGS: [u'High Energy Physics - Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: The electron would decay into a photon and neutrino if the law of electric charge conservation is not respected. Such a decay would cause vacancy in closed shells of atoms giving rise to emission of x-rays and Auger electrons. Experimental searches for such very rare decay have given an estimate for the life time to be greater than $2.7 \times10^{23}$ years. The simplest theoretical model which would give rise to such a decay is one where the electron is regarded as the first excited state and neutrino as the ground state of a fundamental spin 1/2 particle bound to a scalar particle by a super strong force and the photon is considered as a bound state of a fundamental spin 1/2 fermion-antifermion pair. The fine structure constant of the super strong coupling is found to be unity from the masslessness of the neutrino and the lower bound of the mass of the fundamental particles is estimated by using quantum mechanical formula for photon emission by atoms and found to be $10^{22}$ GeV from the bound for electron decay time indicating thereby that the composite nature of electron, neutrino and the photon would be revealed in the Planckian energy regime. A model based on extension of $SU(2)\otimes SU(2)$ symmetry of Dirac equation to $SU(3)\otimes SU(3)$ gives a lower bound for the mass of the gauge boson mediating the decay to be $10^9 GeV$ which is the geometric mean of the masses of the electron and the fundamental particles. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Charge_conservation, 1.00, 2), (Gauge_boson, 1.00, 1), (Scalar_boson, 1.00, 1), (Neutrino, 1.00, 1), (Electron, 1.00, 2), (Atom, 1.00, 1), (X-ray, 0.99, 1), (Elementary_particle, 0.99, 1), (Fine-structure_constant, 0.98, 1), (Paul_Dirac, 0.97, 1), (Auger_effect, 0.91, 1), (Auger, 0.87, 1), (Dirac, 0.80, 1), (Particle_physics, 0.71, 1), (Quantum_mechanics, 0.67, 1), (Standard_Model, 0.60, 1), (Fundamental_physics_concepts, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 289 === ArticleID: OSBW3V4Z667LTJYL SCORE: 2! | |
| TITLE: On superconvergence of sums of free random variables | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/math/0610075 | |
| TAGS: [u'Functional analysis', u'Operator Algebras', u'Probability', u'Probability theory', u'distribution spaces', u'infinite-dimensional holomorphy', u'integral transforms', u'stochastic processes'] | |
| ABSTRACT: This paper derives sufficient conditions for superconvergence of sums of bounded free random variables and provides an estimate for the rate of superconvergence. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Probability_theory, 1.00, 1), (Functional_analysis, 1.00, 1), (Probability, 0.98, 1), (Random_variable, 0.98, 1), (Stochastic, 0.93, 1), (Stochastic_process, 0.91, 1), (Mathematics, 0.74, 2), (Vector_space, 0.67, 1), (Derivative, 0.66, 1) | |
| === 290 === ArticleID: BR4TI5IZRIX54Z16 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Schwannoma of the Median Nerve at the Wrist and Palmar Regions of the Hand: A Rare Case Report | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3766574/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>Schwannomas are also known as neurolemmas that are usually originated from Schwann cells located in the peripheric nerve sheaths. They are the most common tumours of the hand (0.8–2%). They usually present solitary swelling along the course of the nerve however multiple lesions may be present in cases of NF type 1, familial neurofibromatosis, and sporadic schwannomatosis. Schwannomas are generally represented as an asymptomatic mass; however pain, numbness and fatigue may take place with the increasing size of the tumour. EMG (electromyelography), MRI (magnetic resonance imagination), and USG (ultrasound) are helpful in the diagnosis. Surgical removal is usually curative. In this paper, we present a 24-year-old male referred to our clinic for a lump located at the volar side of the left wrist and a lump located in his left palm and numbness at his 3rd and 4th fingers. Total excision was performed for both lesions. Histopathological examination of the masses revealed typical features of schwannoma. At the 6th-month followup the patient was symptom-free except for slight paresthesia of the 3rd and the 4th fingers. For our knowledge, this is the second case in the literature presenting wrist and palm involvement of the median nerve schwannoma.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Paresthesia, 1.00, 1), (Schwannoma, 1.00, 2), (Schwann_cell, 1.00, 1), (Median_Nerve, 1.00, 1), (Neurofibromatosis, 0.99, 1), (Carpal_tunnel_syndrome, 0.97, 0), (Ultrasound, 0.95, 1), (Resonance, 0.93, 1), (Asymptomatic, 0.80, 1), (Neurology, 0.79, 1), (Brain_tumor, 0.76, 1), (Fatigue_(medical), 0.75, 1), (Oncology, 0.71, 1), (Anatomical_pathology, 0.69, 1), (Medical_signs, 0.61, 1) | |
| === 291 === ArticleID: 0G4V6U8L5JHND18S SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Diagnosing the Course of Learning – Concept, Difficulties and Chances | |
| URL: http://www.psychologie-aktuell.com/fileadmin/download/esp/3-2011_20111130/klauer.pdf | |
| TAGS: [u'binomial test model', u'criterion-referenced tests', u'curriculum-based measurement', u'item sampling', u'mathematics tests', u'measurement of change'] | |
| ABSTRACT: To diagnose the course of learning during a longer period of time as it is similarly practiced in curriculum-based measurement (CBM) one has to use tests which always are equally difficult and every time measure the same competence. Until today it is not clear how to construct a greater number of tests of equal difficulty und validity. Moreover, it is not clear which test theory is suitable for such tests since classical test theory turns out to be problematic with respect to such tests. Finally, suitable tests should be sensitive even to minor changes of competence. In this article a solution is offered based upon criterion-referenced tests, item sampling and the binomial test model. Finally, a forthcoming computer-based test is described which will overcome most of the problems and which can be used to measure the course of learning of mathematics with children of elementary school. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Classical_test_theory, 1.00, 2), (Curriculum-based_measurement, 1.00, 2), (Binomial_test, 1.00, 1), (Criterion-referenced_test, 1.00, 1), (Psychometrics, 0.96, 2), (Measurement, 0.76, 1), (Physics, 0.72, -2), (Model_theory, 0.60, 1), (Measuring_instrument, 0.60, 0) | |
| === 292 === ArticleID: WSAKUXOTRA3HWHD5 SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Alterations in the Colonic Microbiota in Response to Osmotic Diarrhea | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3568139/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <sec><title>Background & Aims</title><p>Diseases of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract are often accompanied by diarrhea with profound alterations in the GI microbiota termed dysbiosis. Whether dysbiosis is due to the disease itself or to the accompanying diarrhea remains elusive. With this study we characterized the net effects of osmotic diarrhea on the composition of the GI microbiota in the absence of disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We induced osmotic diarrhea in four healthy adults by oral administration of polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG). Stool as well as mucosa specimens were collected before, during and after diarrhea and 16 S rDNA-based microbial community profiling was used to assess the microbial community structure.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Stool and mucosal microbiotas were strikingly different, with <italic>Firmicutes</italic> dominating the mucosa and <italic>Bacteroidetes</italic> the stools. Osmotic diarrhea decreased phylotype richness and showed a strong tendency to equalize the otherwise individualized microbiotas on the mucosa. Moreover, diarrhea led to significant relative shifts in the phyla <italic>Bacteroidetes</italic> and <italic>Firmicutes</italic> and to a relative increase in the abundance of <italic>Proteobacteria</italic> on the mucosa, a phenomenon also noted in several inflammatory and diarrheal GI diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Changes in microbial community structure induced by osmotic diarrhea are profound and show similarities to changes observed in other GI diseases including IBD. These effects so must be considered when specimens from diarrheal diseases (i. e. obtained by stratification of samples according to diarrheal status) or conditions wherein bowel preparations like PEG (i. e. specimens obtained during endoscopy) are used.</p></sec> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Gut_flora, 1.00, 2), (Phylotype, 1.00, 1), (Diarrhea, 1.00, 2), (Polyethylene_glycol, 1.00, 1), (Proteobacteria, 1.00, 1), (Firmicutes, 1.00, 1), (Dysbiosis, 1.00, 1), (Bacteroidetes, 0.99, 1), (Phylum, 0.99, 1), (Endoscopy, 0.99, 1), (Osmosis, 0.99, 1), (Intestine, 0.98, 1), (Bacteria, 0.96, 1), (Microbiome, 0.77, 2), (Cell_(biology), 0.57, 1) | |
| === 293 === ArticleID: 260H1CD5ZY1KRMFH SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: Who is the “public” when you make teaching public? Conceptions of audience in the scholarship of teaching and learning | |
| URL: http://josotl.indiana.edu/article/view/2138 | |
| TAGS: [u'classroom audience', u'discourse', u'epistemology', u'public teaching'] | |
| ABSTRACT: This article considers how SoTL practitioners have addressed three types of audiences: personal, administrative, and discipline-based. The analysis draws on narrative data from a collaborative SoTL project at a community college. The findings are discussed in relation to broader trends across institutions and disciplines. It is argued that investigators should take into account the audience’s epistemology of teaching. This approach helps investigators to enter into the professional discourse of that audience. Five strategies are offered to help SoTL practitioners communicate effectively with audiences outside of their professional area. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Audience, 0.96, 1), (SoTL, 0.91, 1), (Audience_theory, 0.84, 2), (Performance, 0.78, 1), (Community_college, 0.59, 2) | |
| === 294 === ArticleID: UJJJ01QHJOKLTWX6 SCORE: 1! | |
| TITLE: A note on Hardy's paradox | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0910.4737 | |
| TAGS: [u'Quantum Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: A classical probabilistic explanation for Hardy's quantum paradox is demonstrated. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Quantum_mechanics, 0.99, 2), (Hardy, 0.97, 2), (Physics, 0.87, 1), (Classical_mechanics, 0.71, -2), (Classical_physics, 0.69, -2), (General_relativity, 0.60, -2), (Energy, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 295 === ArticleID: OFZG6W5EE8TU8DVN SCORE: 1 | |
| TITLE: VectorBase: a home for invertebrate vectors of human pathogens | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc1751530/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>VectorBase (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" ns0:href="http://www. vectorbase. org/" />) is a web-accessible data repository for information about invertebrate vectors of human pathogens. VectorBase annotates and maintains vector genomes providing an integrated resource for the research community. Currently, VectorBase contains genome information for two organisms: <italic>Anopheles gambiae</italic>, a vector for the <italic>Plasmodium</italic> protozoan agent causing malaria, and <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic>, a vector for the flaviviral agents causing Yellow fever and Dengue fever.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Plasmodium, 1.00, 1), (Aedes_aegypti, 1.00, 1), (Dengue_fever, 1.00, 1), (Fever, 1.00, 1), (Invertebrate, 1.00, 1), (Protozoa, 1.00, 1), (Pathogen, 1.00, 2), (Malaria, 0.98, 1), (Mosquito, 0.86, 1), (Aedes, 0.74, 1), (Vector, 0.73, 1), (Yellow_fever, 0.63, 1), (Anopheles_gambiae, 0.62, 1) | |
| === 296 === ArticleID: D9TA10R5UJG4AP3E SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Ramanujan congruences for Siegel modular forms | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/0910.0787 | |
| TAGS: [u'Number Theory'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We determine conditions for the existence and non-existence of Ramanujan-type congruences for Jacobi forms. We extend these results to Siegel modular forms of degree 2 and as an application, we establish Ramanujan-type congruences for explicit examples of Siegel modular forms. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Siegel_modular_form, 1.00, 2), (Number_theory, 0.98, 1), (Siegel, 0.98, 1), (Modular_arithmetic, 0.91, 1), (Reality, 0.62, 0) | |
| === 297 === ArticleID: JTU8785V720PJL6F SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Ileitis Secondary to Oral Capecitabine Treatment? | |
| URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3522479/ | |
| TAGS: [] | |
| ABSTRACT: <p>The efficacy of capecitabine as adjuvant therapy in colon cancer is well demonstrated and its lower toxicity rates when compared with 5-FU make it an increasingly more favourable option for patients. This case highlights the awareness of a potentially severe side effect related to the use of capecitabine, yet through the early identification of symptoms patients can be managed conservatively.</p> | |
| CONCEPTS: (Capecitabine, 1.00, 1), (Colorectal_cancer, 0.96, 2), (Cancer, 0.74, 2), (Ileitis, 0.65, 1), (Chemotherapy, 0.64, 1), (Hereditary_nonpolyposis_colorectal_cancer, 0.64, 1) | |
| === 298 === ArticleID: 2WNKOCF0ADNZ6MXJ SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Photometric observations of the supernova 2009nr | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1205.6973 | |
| TAGS: [u'Solar and Stellar Astrophysics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: We present the results of our UBVRI CCD photometry for the second brightest supernova of 2009, SN 2009nr, discovered during a sky survey with the telescopes of the MASTER robotic network. Its light and color curves and bolometric light curves have been constructed. The light-curve parameters and the maximum luminosity have been determined. SN 2009nr is shown to be similar in light-curve shape and maximum luminosity to SN 1991 T, which is the prototype of the class of supernovae Ia with an enhanced luminosity. SN 2009nr exploded far from the center of the spiral galaxy UGC 8255 and most likely belongs to its old halo population. We hypothesize that this explosion is a consequence of the merger of white dwarfs. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Supernova, 1.00, 1), (Photometry_(astronomy), 1.00, 2), (Light_curve, 0.99, 1), (Spiral_galaxy, 0.99, 1), (SN, 0.86, 0), (Galaxy, 0.84, 1), (Solar_and_Stellar_Astrophysics, 0.77, 1), (Sun, 0.70, 0), (Star, 0.59, 1) | |
| === 299 === ArticleID: B9ILJ519ABE2CDAG SCORE: 2 | |
| TITLE: Performance Analysis and Optimization of Dowels in Jointed Concrete Floors | |
| URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1201.3801 | |
| TAGS: [u'General Physics'] | |
| ABSTRACT: This study examines the performance of traditional round dowels in concrete floors and attempts to optimize the design of dowels through Finite Element (FE) analysis. A new type of Double-Tapered Round (DTR) dowels is proposed, and the performance of DTR dowels is compared to that of traditional cylindrical dowels. Linear Elastic (LE) analysis are performed in Abaqus (v-6.11) order to identify the optimized geometry of DTR dowels that would achieve (1) highest load transfer across adjacent slabs through shear action, and (2) lowest bearing stresses on the concrete. LE analyses are complemented by nonlinear FE analysis. The Riks method available in Abaqus/Standard, coupled with the Concrete Damaged Plasticity (CDP) model is used to simulate the degradation of concrete surrounding both DTR the traditional cylindrical dowels. Results obtained show that the use of DTR dowels can reduce bearing stresses at the face of the joint by as much 2.2 times as compared to traditional cylindrical dowels. While adequate load-transfer is a crucial part for the proper performance pavement structures, the load-transfer capacity of DTR dowels was more effective over cylindrical dowels by as far as 116%. In the inelastic range, even after significant concrete degradation and steel yielding, DTR dowels maintained a higher load-transfer capacity than traditional cylindrical dowels, and also presented lower amounts of differential deflections across concrete floors. Finally, damage in the concrete matrix below the dowel was relatively more confined for the case of DTR dowels, as compared to traditional cylindrical dowels. | |
| CONCEPTS: (Concrete_degradation, 1.00, 2), (Weight_transfer, 1.00, 1), (Abaqus, 1.00, 1), (Dowel, 0.99, 2), (Nonlinear_system, 0.95, 1), (Analysis, 0.95, 1), (Performance, 0.94, 1), (Elasticity_(economics), 0.91, -1), (Volume, 0.90, 1), (Mathematical_analysis, 0.85, 1), (Damage, 0.85, 1), (Reinforced_concrete, 0.83, 2) | |
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