From book "How JavaScript Works"

deconstruct.js

function deconstruct(number){
  let sign = 1;
  let coefficient = number;
  let exponent = 0;
  
  // Remove sign from the coefficient
  if(coefficient < 0){
    coefficient = -coefficient;
    sign = -1;
  }
 
  if(Number.isFinite(number) && number !== 0){
    
    //=================================================
    // Reduce coefficient
    exponent = -1128; // Exponent of Number.MIN_VALUE
    let reduction = coefficient;
    
    // Divide by 2 until we have shifted all
    // bits away to zero.
    while(reduction !== 0){
      exponent += 1;
      reduction /= 2;
    }
    
    //=================================================
    // Reduce exponent
    // Bring exponent to zero so number can be viewed as integer
    reduction = exponent;
   
    while(reduction > 0){
      coefficient /= 2;
      reduction -= 1;
    }
    while(reduction < 0){
      coefficient *= 2;
      reduction += 1;
    }
  }
  
  return {
    equation: `${sign} * ${coefficient} * (2 ^ ${exponent})`,
    sign, 
    coefficient, 
    exponent,
    number,
  };
}