Script taken from https://blog.nimamoh.net/yubi-key-gpg-wsl2/ and improved

gpg-agent-relay

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Inspired by https://blog.nimamoh.net/yubi-key-gpg-wsl2/

# Guide:
# Install GPG on windows & Unix
# Add "enable-putty-support" to gpg-agent.conf
# Download wsl-ssh-pageant and npiperelay and place the executables in "C:\Users\[USER]\AppData\Roaming\" under wsl-ssh-pageant & npiperelay
# https://github.com/benpye/wsl-ssh-pageant/releases/tag/20190513.14
# https://github.com/NZSmartie/npiperelay/releases/tag/v0.1
# Adjust relay() below if you alter those paths
# Place this script in WSL at ~/.local/bin/gpg-agent-relay
# Start it on login by calling it from your .bashrc: "$HOME/.local/bin/gpg-agent-relay start"

GNUPGHOME="$HOME/.gnupg"
PIDFILE="$GNUPGHOME/gpg-agent-relay.pid"

die() {
  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf "$1\n" >&2
  exit 1
}

main() {
  checkdeps socat start-stop-daemon lsof timeout
  case $1 in
  start)
    if ! start-stop-daemon --pidfile "$PIDFILE" --background --notify-await --notify-timeout 5 --make-pidfile --exec "$0" --start -- foreground; then
      # shellcheck disable=SC2016
      die 'Failed to start. Run `gpg-agent-relay foreground` to see output.'
    fi
    ;;
  stop)
    start-stop-daemon --pidfile "$PIDFILE" --remove-pidfile --stop ;;
  status)
    start-stop-daemon --pidfile "$PIDFILE" --status
    local result=$?
    case $result in
      0) printf "gpg-agent-relay is running\n" ;;
      1 | 3) printf "gpg-agent-relay is not running\n" ;;
      4) printf "unable to determine status\n" ;;
    esac
    return $result
    ;;
  foreground)
    relay ;;
  *)
    die "Usage:\n  gpg-agent-relay start\n  gpg-agent-relay stop\n  gpg-agent-relay status\n  gpg-agent-relay foreground" ;;
  esac
}

relay() {
  set -e
  local winhome
  local wslwinhome
  winhome=$(cmd.exe /c "<nul set /p=%UserProfile%" 2>/dev/null || true)
  wslwinhome="$(wslpath -u "$winhome")"
  local npiperelay="$wslwinhome/AppData/Roaming/npiperelay/npiperelay.exe"
  local wslsshpageant="$wslwinhome/AppData/Roaming/wsl-ssh-pageant/wsl-ssh-pageant-amd64-gui.exe"
  local gpgconnectagent="/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/GnuPG/bin/gpg-connect-agent.exe"
  local gpgagentsocket="$GNUPGHOME/S.gpg-agent"
  local sshagentsocket="$GNUPGHOME/S.gpg-agent.ssh"
  # backslash escaping in socat EXEC doesn't seem to work very well, use forward slashes instead
  # windows/npiperelay handle that just fine
  local wingpgagentpath="${winhome//\\/\/}/AppData/Roaming/gnupg/S.gpg-agent"

  killsocket "$gpgagentsocket"
  killsocket "$sshagentsocket"

  "$gpgconnectagent" /bye

  "$wslsshpageant" --systray --winssh ssh-pageant 2>/dev/null &
  # shellcheck disable=SC2034
  WSPPID=$!

  socat UNIX-LISTEN:"$gpgagentsocket,unlink-close,fork,umask=177" EXEC:"$npiperelay -ep -ei -s -a '$wingpgagentpath'",nofork &
  GNUPID=$!
  # shellcheck disable=SC2064
  trap "kill -TERM $GNUPID" EXIT

  socat UNIX-LISTEN:"$sshagentsocket,unlink-close,fork,umask=177" EXEC:"$npiperelay /\/\./\pipe/\ssh-pageant" &
  SSHPID=$!

  set +e
  # shellcheck disable=SC2064
  trap "kill -TERM $GNUPID; kill -TERM $SSHPID" EXIT

  systemd-notify --ready 2>/dev/null
  wait $GNUPID $SSHPID
  trap - EXIT
}

killsocket() {
  local socketpath=$1
  if [[ -e $socketpath ]]; then
    local socketpid
    if socketpid=$(lsof +E -taU -- "$socketpath"); then
      timeout .5s tail --pid=$socketpid -f /dev/null &
      local timeoutpid=$!
      kill "$socketpid"
      if ! wait $timeoutpid; then
        die "Timed out waiting for pid $socketpid listening at $socketpath"
      fi
    else
      rm "$socketpath"
    fi
  fi
}

checkdeps() {
  local deps=("$@")
  local dep
  local out
  local ret=0
  for dep in "${deps[@]}"; do
    if ! out=$(type "$dep" 2>&1); then
      printf -- "Dependency %s not found:\n%s\n" "$dep" "$out"
      ret=1
    fi
  done
  return $ret
}

main "$@"

@demonbane I tried it out on a fresh container this evening, and it works great! Thanks for simplifying it tenfold.

For anyone coming at systemd new; the socket set up by wsl-gpg-systemd is /run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent.ssh. I had to pause for a second to figure out where the socket was being opened.

The installer takes care to always use gpgconfig to get any paths, and newer releases of gpg have been following the systemd spec and using /run for transient user session storage, like the sockets. And surprisingly, there doesn't appear to be an easy way to override that location. From the gpg-agent manpage:

       --use-standard-socket
       --no-use-standard-socket
       --use-standard-socket-p
              Since GnuPG 2.1 the standard socket is always used.  These options have no more  effect.   The  command
              gpg-agent --use-standard-socket-p will thus always return success.