TestClass.java

package nl.hu.esb.nps.internal.route.exceptionflowtodlqs;


import org.apache.camel.LoggingLevel;
import org.apache.camel.builder.AdviceWithRouteBuilder;
import org.apache.camel.builder.RouteBuilder;
import org.apache.camel.component.mock.MockEndpoint;
import org.apache.camel.test.junit4.CamelTestSupport;
import org.apache.cxf.binding.soap.SoapFault;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Text;

public class TestClass extends CamelTestSupport {

    @Override
    public boolean isUseRouteBuilder() {
        return false;
    }

    @Test
    public void testBlaat() throws Exception {

        context.addRoutes(new RouteBuilder() {
            @Override
            public void configure() throws Exception {
                onException(Exception.class)
                        .log(LoggingLevel.INFO, "outer catch")
                        //.markRollbackOnly()
                        .handled(true)
                ;

                from("direct:start")
                        .doTry()
                        .to("mock:exception")

                        .doCatch(Exception.class)
                        .log(LoggingLevel.INFO, "inner catch")
                        .to("mock:count")
                        .end();
            }
        });

        context.getRouteDefinitions().get(0).adviceWith(context, new AdviceWithRouteBuilder() {
            @Override
            public void configure() throws Exception {
                interceptSendToEndpoint("mock:exception").throwException(new Exception());
            }
        });

        context.start();

        template.sendBody("direct:start", "start");

        MockEndpoint endpoint = getMockEndpoint("mock:count");
        endpoint.expectedMessageCount(1);

        assertMockEndpointsSatisfied();
    }
}

change line 46-51 to this:

context.getRouteDefinitions().get(0).adviceWith(context, new AdviceWithRouteBuilder() {
@OverRide
public void configure() throws Exception {
interceptSendToEndpoint("mock:exception").skipSendToOriginalEndpoint().
throwException(new Exception());
}
});

Scratch that. I just tried it myself. You should use the method explained in my mailing list response. Using a separate adviceWith route builder will create a new "route" channel http://camel.apache.org/message-channel.html and the channel at that point does not see a try/catch which is constructed in the original route.