From https://medium.com/geekculture/generating-a-procedural-solar-system-with-blenders-python-api-9754ece0cf03

proceduralPlanet.py

from math import pi
from random import random
import bpy

def delete_object(name):
    if name in bpy.data.objects:
        obj = bpy.data.objects[name]
        obj.select_set(True)
        bpy.ops.object.delete(use_global=False)

def create_emission_shader(color, strength, mat_name):
    mat = bpy.data.materials.new(mat_name)
    mat.use_nodes = True
    
    #clear all existing nodes
    nodes = mat.node_tree.nodes
    nodes.clear()
    
    #add emission nodes
    node_emission = nodes.new(type="ShaderNodeEmission")
    node_emission.inputs[0].default_value = color
    node_emission.inputs[1].default_value = strength
    
    node_output = nodes.new(type="ShaderNodeOutputMaterial")
    
    links = mat.node_tree.links
    link = links.new(node_emission.outputs[0], node_output.inputs[0])
    
    return mat

def create_sphere(radius, distance_to_sun, obj_name):
    obj = bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add (
        radius = radius,
        location=(distance_to_sun,0,0),
        scale=(1, 1, 1)
    )
    bpy.context.object.name = obj_name
    bpy.ops.object.shade_smooth()
    return bpy.context.object

def create_torus(radius, obj_name):
    obj = bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_torus_add(
        location=(0,0,0),
        major_radius=radius,
        minor_radius = 0.1,
        major_segments=60
    )
    bpy.context.object.name = obj_name
    bpy.ops.object.shade_smooth()
    return bpy.context.object

def find_3dview_space():
    area = None
    for a in bpy.data.window_managers[0].windows[0].screen.areas:
        if a.type == "VIEW_3D":
            area = a
            break
    return area.spaces[0] if area else bpy.context.space_data

def setup_scene():
    #set black background
    bpy.data.worlds["World"].node_tree.nodes["Background"].inputs[0].default_value = (0, 0, 0,1)
    #set render engine to EEVEE
    scene = bpy.context.scene
    scene.render.engine = "BLENDER_EEVEE"
    scene.eevee.use_bloom = True
    #set default start end frame for animation
    scene.frame_start = START_FRAME
    scene.frame_end = END_FRAME
    scene.frame_current = START_FRAME
    #get current 3D view
    space = find_3dview_space()
    #setup viewport
    space.shading.type = 'RENDERED'
    space.overlay.show_floor = False
    space.overlay.show_axis_y = False
    space.overlay.show_axis_x = False
    space.overlay.show_cursor = False
    space.overlay.show_object_origins = False
    
N_PLANETS = 6
START_FRAME = 1
END_FRAME = 200

#call scene setup
setup_scene()

delete_object("Sun")
for n in range (N_PLANETS):
    delete_object("Planet-{:02d}".format(n))
    delete_object("Radius-{:02d}".format(n))
for m in bpy.data.materials:
    bpy.data.materials.remove(m)

ring_mat = create_emission_shader((1, 1, 1, 1), 1, "RingMat")

for n in range(N_PLANETS):
    r = 1 + random() * 4
    d = 30 + n * 12 + (random() * 4 - 2)
    planet = create_sphere(r, d, "Planet-{:02d}".format(n))
    planet.data.materials.append(create_emission_shader((random(), random(), 1, 1), 2, "PlanetMat-{:02d}".format(n)))
    ring = create_torus(d, "Radius-{:02d}".format(n))
    ring.data.materials.append(ring_mat)
    
    #rotate planet
    bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = planet
    planet.select_set(True)
    bpy.ops.object.origin_set(type="ORIGIN_CURSOR", center="MEDIAN")
    
    #animation code
    planet.animation_data_create()
    planet.animation_data.action = bpy.data.actions.new(name="RotationAction")
    fcurve = planet.animation_data.action.fcurves.new(
        data_path="rotation_euler", index=2
    )
    k1 = fcurve.keyframe_points.insert(
        frame=START_FRAME,
        value = 0
    )
    k1.interpolation = "LINEAR"
    
    k2 = fcurve.keyframe_points.insert(
        frame=END_FRAME,
        value = (2 + random() * 2) * pi
    )
    k2.interpolation = "LINEAR"
    
sun = create_sphere(12, 0, "Sun")
sun.data.materials.append(
    create_emission_shader((1, 0.66, 0.08, 1), 10, "SunMat")
)

bpy.ops.object.select_all(action='DESELECT')