apples/slides.html

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class: center, middle

# How to Dev a Game

---

# The Journey

0. Ideas and Design
1. Engines and Scripting
2. Art, Animation, and Audio
3. Aesthetics and the Ludonarrative
4. Scope and Minimum Viable Product
5. Resources

---

# Libre

> "free, having liberty, at liberty"


All software discussed in this presentation is free, as in "free speech".

Please visit the Free Software Foundation at [http://www.fsf.org/](http://www.fsf.org/) for more information.

---

class: center, middle

# 0. Ideas and Design

All ideas are terrible,

but no idea is *too* terrible.

---

## Top-level Genres

- Arcade
- Action
- Adventure
- Puzzle
- Simulation
- Strategy
- (many others)

---

## Derivative Genres

- First-person Shooter
- Metroidvania
- Roguelike
- Roguelite
- Sandbox
- MMO
- Minecraft clone
- (way too many others)

---

## Wikis and Prototypes

- Create a "design wiki" before anything else.
- Prototype early.
- Change the design based on feedback from the prototype.

---

## Keep it Simple!

- Simple ideas are easy to prototype.
- Complex ideas take longer to prototype.
- You need a prototype as soon as possible.

---

class: center, middle

# MAKE A PROTOTYPE

# AS SOON AS POSSIBLE!

---

# 1. Engines and Scripting

- Pick your tech based on the designs
- Use an existing engine if possible
- Scripting should be relatively easy

---

## Engine vs. Framework vs. Library

- Engines do all the heavy lifting for you.
  - Programmed with scripts.
- Frameworks give tools to write an engine.
  - Programmed natively.
- Libraries are just lumps of code.

Frameworks and Engines are often collections of Libraries.

---

## Engines

### Beginner

- GDevelop
- Construct Classic

### Intermediate

- PyGame
- EaselJS
- Oxygine
- Duality

---

## More Engines

### Professional (not libre, but open source)

- Unreal Engine
- Source
- id Tech

### Others *(not libre)*

- Unity3D
- ImpactJS
- GameMaker

---

## Write your own engine!

Pick a framework, write your own, or just hack together some libraries.

C++ and Python are the only languages you need.

C#, Scheme, and Javascript are also nice.

Java considered harmful.

Mobile platforms will require specific tech.

---

## Complete Frameworks

- Allegro
- SDL
- SFML
- Cinder
- GamePlay
- pyglet
- LWJGL

---

## Partial Frameworks and Libraries


- Bullet
- Box2D
- GLFW
- SoLoud
- Boost
- POCO
- Python
- PNG
- Ogg Vorbis
- FreeType
- stb

---

# 2. Art, Animation, Audio

The stuff that gets blasted into the player's face.

---

## 2D vs 3D

- Prefer 3D if possible.
- 3D is easier to deal with in code.
- 2D mechanics do not imply 2D art.
- 2D art does not imply pixels.

---

## Animation

Two options:

- Keyframes
  - Usually better for 2D art.
- Skeleton
  - Usually better for 3D art.

---

## Graphics Tools

- Inkscape (scalable graphics editor)
- GIMP (image manipulation)
- Piskel (sprite animation)
- Blender (modelling, animation, video)

---

## Colorblind Modes

- Around 5-10% of people are colorblind.
- If your game makes mechanical use of color, consider adding a colorblind mode.

---

## Audio Formats

- Ogg Vorbis - Strong general-purpose format.
- FLAC - Lossless compression.
- WAV - No compression. Do not **EVER** use for music.
- MP3 - Never use this. Ogg Vorbis is much better.

---

## Audio Tools

- Audacity - Sound recording and editing.
- SFXR (and derivatives like BFXR) - Sound effect generation.
- Musagi - Music editor and synthesizer.
- MilkyTracker - Music tracker.
- LMMS - Music editor.

---

## Map Editing Tools

- Tiled - Map editor
- Tile Studio - Map and tile editor

---

# 4. Aesthetics and the Ludonarrative

The aesthetics of a game's graphics, music, and mechanics must be complementary.

---

## Aesthetics of Gameplay

- Character growth reflected in the interface.
  - Bigger health bars
  - More items
- Character actions tied to scene.
  - Moving faster -> wide FOV
  - Steady aiming -> narrow FOV
- Large impact (landing from a long fall)
  - Screen shake
  - Dust clouds
  - *thump*
- Music changes when in combat.

---

## The Ludonarrative

- Story told through gameplay
- Gameplay driven by story

Ludonarrative dissonance

- Player actions lie outside the narrative.
- Story and gameplay are not working together.
- Avoid if possible.
- You cannot stop the player from acting like an idiot.

---

# 5. Scope and MVP

"It's an MMO space combat simulator with voxel terrain destruction and a player-driven economy."

---

## Minimizing Scope

- You don't need modding support.
- You don't need online multiplayer.
- You don't need hats.

Make the absolute bare minimum game you can.

Add to it later.

---

# 6. Resources

- http://www.gamedev.net/
- http://gamedev.stackexchange.com/
- http://www.reddit.com/r/gamedev/

- http://www.gpwiki.org/
- http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/

- http://opengameart.org/

---

class: center, middle

...questions?

    </textarea>
    <script src="https://gnab.github.io/remark/downloads/remark-latest.min.js">
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      var slideshow = remark.create();
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</html>
	<!DOCTYPE html>
	<html>
	<head>
	<title>Title</title>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
	<style type="text/css">
	@import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Droid+Sans:400,700,400italic);
	@import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ubuntu+Mono:400,700,400italic);

	body { font-family: 'Helvetica', 'sans-serif' ; }
	h1, h2, h3 {
	font-weight: normal;
	}
	.remark-slide-content { font-size: 200%; }
	.remark-code, .remark-inline-code { font-family: 'Ubuntu Mono'; }
	</style>
	</head>
	<body>
	<textarea id="source">

	class: center, middle

	# How to Dev a Game

	---

	# The Journey

	0. Ideas and Design
	1. Engines and Scripting
	2. Art, Animation, and Audio
	3. Aesthetics and the Ludonarrative
	4. Scope and Minimum Viable Product
	5. Resources

	---

	# Libre

	> "free, having liberty, at liberty"


	All software discussed in this presentation is free, as in "free speech".

	Please visit the Free Software Foundation at [http://www.fsf.org/](http://www.fsf.org/) for more information.

	---

	class: center, middle

	# 0. Ideas and Design

	All ideas are terrible,

	but no idea is too terrible.

	---

	## Top-level Genres

	- Arcade
	- Action
	- Adventure
	- Puzzle
	- Simulation
	- Strategy
	- (many others)

	---

	## Derivative Genres

	- First-person Shooter
	- Metroidvania
	- Roguelike
	- Roguelite
	- Sandbox
	- MMO
	- Minecraft clone
	- (way too many others)

	---

	## Wikis and Prototypes

	- Create a "design wiki" before anything else.
	- Prototype early.
	- Change the design based on feedback from the prototype.

	---

	## Keep it Simple!

	- Simple ideas are easy to prototype.
	- Complex ideas take longer to prototype.
	- You need a prototype as soon as possible.

	---

	class: center, middle

	# MAKE A PROTOTYPE

	# AS SOON AS POSSIBLE!

	---

	# 1. Engines and Scripting

	- Pick your tech based on the designs
	- Use an existing engine if possible
	- Scripting should be relatively easy

	---

	## Engine vs. Framework vs. Library

	- Engines do all the heavy lifting for you.
	- Programmed with scripts.
	- Frameworks give tools to write an engine.
	- Programmed natively.
	- Libraries are just lumps of code.

	Frameworks and Engines are often collections of Libraries.

	---

	## Engines

	### Beginner

	- GDevelop
	- Construct Classic

	### Intermediate

	- PyGame
	- EaselJS
	- Oxygine
	- Duality

	---

	## More Engines

	### Professional (not libre, but open source)

	- Unreal Engine
	- Source
	- id Tech

	### Others (not libre)

	- Unity3D
	- ImpactJS
	- GameMaker

	---

	## Write your own engine!

	Pick a framework, write your own, or just hack together some libraries.

	C++ and Python are the only languages you need.

	C#, Scheme, and Javascript are also nice.

	Java considered harmful.

	Mobile platforms will require specific tech.

	---

	## Complete Frameworks

	- Allegro
	- SDL
	- SFML
	- Cinder
	- GamePlay
	- pyglet
	- LWJGL

	---

	## Partial Frameworks and Libraries


	- Bullet
	- Box2D
	- GLFW
	- SoLoud
	- Boost
	- POCO
	- Python
	- PNG
	- Ogg Vorbis
	- FreeType
	- stb

	---

	# 2. Art, Animation, Audio

	The stuff that gets blasted into the player's face.

	---

	## 2D vs 3D

	- Prefer 3D if possible.
	- 3D is easier to deal with in code.
	- 2D mechanics do not imply 2D art.
	- 2D art does not imply pixels.

	---

	## Animation

	Two options:

	- Keyframes
	- Usually better for 2D art.
	- Skeleton
	- Usually better for 3D art.

	---

	## Graphics Tools

	- Inkscape (scalable graphics editor)
	- GIMP (image manipulation)
	- Piskel (sprite animation)
	- Blender (modelling, animation, video)

	---

	## Colorblind Modes

	- Around 5-10% of people are colorblind.
	- If your game makes mechanical use of color, consider adding a colorblind mode.

	---

	## Audio Formats

	- Ogg Vorbis - Strong general-purpose format.
	- FLAC - Lossless compression.
	- WAV - No compression. Do not EVER use for music.
	- MP3 - Never use this. Ogg Vorbis is much better.

	---

	## Audio Tools

	- Audacity - Sound recording and editing.
	- SFXR (and derivatives like BFXR) - Sound effect generation.
	- Musagi - Music editor and synthesizer.
	- MilkyTracker - Music tracker.
	- LMMS - Music editor.

	---

	## Map Editing Tools

	- Tiled - Map editor
	- Tile Studio - Map and tile editor

	---

	# 4. Aesthetics and the Ludonarrative

	The aesthetics of a game's graphics, music, and mechanics must be complementary.

	---

	## Aesthetics of Gameplay

	- Character growth reflected in the interface.
	- Bigger health bars
	- More items
	- Character actions tied to scene.
	- Moving faster -> wide FOV
	- Steady aiming -> narrow FOV
	- Large impact (landing from a long fall)
	- Screen shake
	- Dust clouds
	- thump
	- Music changes when in combat.

	---

	## The Ludonarrative

	- Story told through gameplay
	- Gameplay driven by story

	Ludonarrative dissonance

	- Player actions lie outside the narrative.
	- Story and gameplay are not working together.
	- Avoid if possible.
	- You cannot stop the player from acting like an idiot.

	---

	# 5. Scope and MVP

	"It's an MMO space combat simulator with voxel terrain destruction and a player-driven economy."

	---

	## Minimizing Scope

	- You don't need modding support.
	- You don't need online multiplayer.
	- You don't need hats.

	Make the absolute bare minimum game you can.

	Add to it later.

	---

	# 6. Resources

	- http://www.gamedev.net/
	- http://gamedev.stackexchange.com/
	- http://www.reddit.com/r/gamedev/

	- http://www.gpwiki.org/
	- http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/

	- http://opengameart.org/

	---

	class: center, middle

	...questions?

	</textarea>
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