Meta-wrappers are wrappers within wrappers; these allow for nested decorators and nested wrappers

meta_wrapper.py

from functools import wraps

# the f argument is a function that we pass
def base_wrapper(f):
  # you need this in all wrappers/decorators
  @wraps(f)
  # the *args and **kwargs allow for passing 
  # arguments into the wrapped function;
  # notice how we define a function within a 
  # function with a return value, and then 
  # return that function we defined
  def decorated_function(*args, **kwargs):
      print("1. login_required here")
      return f(*args, **kwargs)
  return decorated_function

# creating the meta wrapper and 
# defining the meta decorator
def meta_wrapper(f):
  # need this again
  @wraps(f)
  # next we decorate the function that we're 
  # going to return with the base_wrapper so
  # that it is called before this one
  @base_wrapper
  def decorated_function(*args, **kwargs):
    print("2. newwrapper executed here")
    return f(*args, **kwargs) 
  return decorated_function

# decorating change function with meta_wrapper
# will call the base wrapper and the meta wrapper
@meta_wrapper 
def change():
  print("3. change function executed here")

change()

Output

1. login_required here
2. newwrapper executed here
3. change function executed here