Contoh password hashing dan verifikasinya

password_hash_example.php

<?php

/**
 * Example of password hashing and verification with password_hash and 
 * password_verify
 *
 * Skrip ini dieksekusi melalui command line (CLI)
 * Contoh: 'php -f password_hash_example.php'
 *
 * @bacalah http://stackoverflow.com/a/20809916/1134565
 */

/**
 * LANGKAH 1: PENGGUNA BERGABUNG DI WEB DAN MEMBUAT PASSOWRD
 */
// Bergabung dan membuat password:
$password = 'SuperSecretPassword!';
$passwordHash = password_hash($password, PASSWORD_DEFAULT);

// These are the hashed password's components
// password_verify will use this info to recreate the hash created by password_hash()
$algo = substr($passwordHash, 0, 4); // $2y$ == BLOWFISH
$cost = substr($passwordHash, 4, 2);
$salt = substr($passwordHash, 7, 22);

/**
 * STEP 2: USER LOGS INTO SITE
 */
// User now attempts to log in with $password:
// User provides the password in plain text
$plainText = $password;
// Password hash created when user signed up is now retireved from database
$passwordHashFromDatabase = $passwordHash;
// The application will now use password_verify() to recreate the hash and test
// it against the hash in the database.
$result = password_verify($plainText, $passwordHashFromDatabase);
$success = ($result) ? 'True': 'False';

// Output
$info = <<<__INFO__
Plain text password: $password
Hashed password: $passwordHash
Hash components:
    Algo: $algo
    Cost: $cost
    Salt: $salt

Login attempt:
    User returns to log in with password $plainText.
    Password hash retrieved from DB: $passwordHashFromDatabase
    Login result: 
        password_verify(
            $plainText, 
            $passwordHashFromDatabase
        );

Was login successful? $success.
__INFO__;

echo $info;

// password_compat library included here in case password hash functions
// not available on your computer
// @see https://github.com/ircmaxell/password_compat/blob/master/lib/password.php

if (!defined('PASSWORD_DEFAULT')) {

    define('PASSWORD_BCRYPT', 1);
    define('PASSWORD_DEFAULT', PASSWORD_BCRYPT);

    /**
     * Hash the password using the specified algorithm
     *
     * @param string $password The password to hash
     * @param int    $algo     The algorithm to use (Defined by PASSWORD_* constants)
     * @param array  $options  The options for the algorithm to use
     *
     * @return string|false The hashed password, or false on error.
     */
    function password_hash($password, $algo, array $options = array()) {
        if (!function_exists('crypt')) {
            trigger_error("Crypt must be loaded for password_hash to function", E_USER_WARNING);
            return null;
        }
        if (!is_string($password)) {
            trigger_error("password_hash(): Password must be a string", E_USER_WARNING);
            return null;
        }
        if (!is_int($algo)) {
            trigger_error("password_hash() expects parameter 2 to be long, " . gettype($algo) . " given", E_USER_WARNING);
            return null;
        }
        switch ($algo) {
            case PASSWORD_BCRYPT:
                // Note that this is a C constant, but not exposed to PHP, so we don't define it here.
                $cost = 10;
                if (isset($options['cost'])) {
                    $cost = $options['cost'];
                    if ($cost < 4 || $cost > 31) {
                        trigger_error(sprintf("password_hash(): Invalid bcrypt cost parameter specified: %d", $cost), E_USER_WARNING);
                        return null;
                    }
                }
                // The length of salt to generate
                $raw_salt_len = 16;
                // The length required in the final serialization
                $required_salt_len = 22;
                $hash_format = sprintf("$2y$%02d$", $cost);
                break;
            default:
                trigger_error(sprintf("password_hash(): Unknown password hashing algorithm: %s", $algo), E_USER_WARNING);
                return null;
        }
        if (isset($options['salt'])) {
            switch (gettype($options['salt'])) {
                case 'NULL':
                case 'boolean':
                case 'integer':
                case 'double':
                case 'string':
                    $salt = (string) $options['salt'];
                    break;
                case 'object':
                    if (method_exists($options['salt'], '__tostring')) {
                        $salt = (string) $options['salt'];
                        break;
                    }
                case 'array':
                case 'resource':
                default:
                    trigger_error('password_hash(): Non-string salt parameter supplied', E_USER_WARNING);
                    return null;
            }
            if (strlen($salt) < $required_salt_len) {
                trigger_error(sprintf("password_hash(): Provided salt is too short: %d expecting %d", strlen($salt), $required_salt_len), E_USER_WARNING);
                return null;
            } elseif (0 == preg_match('#^[a-zA-Z0-9./]+$#D', $salt)) {
                $salt = str_replace('+', '.', base64_encode($salt));
            }
        } else {
            $buffer = '';
            $buffer_valid = false;
            if (function_exists('mcrypt_create_iv') && !defined('PHALANGER')) {
                $buffer = mcrypt_create_iv($raw_salt_len, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM);
                if ($buffer) {
                    $buffer_valid = true;
                }
            }
            if (!$buffer_valid && function_exists('openssl_random_pseudo_bytes')) {
                $buffer = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($raw_salt_len);
                if ($buffer) {
                    $buffer_valid = true;
                }
            }
            if (!$buffer_valid && is_readable('/dev/urandom')) {
                $f = fopen('/dev/urandom', 'r');
                $read = strlen($buffer);
                while ($read < $raw_salt_len) {
                    $buffer .= fread($f, $raw_salt_len - $read);
                    $read = strlen($buffer);
                }
                fclose($f);
                if ($read >= $raw_salt_len) {
                    $buffer_valid = true;
                }
            }
            if (!$buffer_valid || strlen($buffer) < $raw_salt_len) {
                $bl = strlen($buffer);
                for ($i = 0; $i < $raw_salt_len; $i++) {
                    if ($i < $bl) {
                        $buffer[$i] = $buffer[$i] ^ chr(mt_rand(0, 255));
                    } else {
                        $buffer .= chr(mt_rand(0, 255));
                    }
                }
            }
            $salt = str_replace('+', '.', base64_encode($buffer));
        }
        $salt = substr($salt, 0, $required_salt_len);

        $hash = $hash_format . $salt;

        $ret = crypt($password, $hash);

        if (!is_string($ret) || strlen($ret) <= 13) {
            return false;
        }

        return $ret;
    }

    /**
     * Get information about the password hash. Returns an array of the information
     * that was used to generate the password hash.
     *
     * array(
     *    'algo' => 1,
     *    'algoName' => 'bcrypt',
     *    'options' => array(
     *        'cost' => 10,
     *    ),
     * )
     *
     * @param string $hash The password hash to extract info from
     *
     * @return array The array of information about the hash.
     */
    function password_get_info($hash) {
        $return = array(
            'algo' => 0,
            'algoName' => 'unknown',
            'options' => array(),
        );
        if (substr($hash, 0, 4) == '$2y$' && strlen($hash) == 60) {
            $return['algo'] = PASSWORD_BCRYPT;
            $return['algoName'] = 'bcrypt';
            list($cost) = sscanf($hash, "$2y$%d$");
            $return['options']['cost'] = $cost;
        }
        return $return;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the password hash needs to be rehashed according to the options provided
     *
     * If the answer is true, after validating the password using password_verify, rehash it.
     *
     * @param string $hash    The hash to test
     * @param int    $algo    The algorithm used for new password hashes
     * @param array  $options The options array passed to password_hash
     *
     * @return boolean True if the password needs to be rehashed.
     */
    function password_needs_rehash($hash, $algo, array $options = array()) {
        $info = password_get_info($hash);
        if ($info['algo'] != $algo) {
            return true;
        }
        switch ($algo) {
            case PASSWORD_BCRYPT:
                $cost = isset($options['cost']) ? $options['cost'] : 10;
                if ($cost != $info['options']['cost']) {
                    return true;
                }
                break;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Verify a password against a hash using a timing attack resistant approach
     *
     * @param string $password The password to verify
     * @param string $hash     The hash to verify against
     *
     * @return boolean If the password matches the hash
     */
    function password_verify($password, $hash) {
        if (!function_exists('crypt')) {
            trigger_error("Crypt must be loaded for password_verify to function", E_USER_WARNING);
            return false;
        }
        $ret = crypt($password, $hash);
        if (!is_string($ret) || strlen($ret) != strlen($hash) || strlen($ret) <= 13) {
            return false;
        }

        $status = 0;
        for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ret); $i++) {
            $status |= (ord($ret[$i]) ^ ord($hash[$i]));
        }

        return $status === 0;
    }
}