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##Used to import data | |
library(readr) | |
##Used for adf test | |
library(tseries) | |
##Import data | |
data <- read.csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arimitramaiti/datasets/master/articles/a5_data.csv", header = TRUE, sep = ",") | |
##Use ts() function to create time series object | |
##Object with suffix _GWR stores growth rate series | |
##Growth rate is similar to percentage change from one time point to the other and is already stored in the dataset link above | |
GDP_pc <- ts(data$GDP_pc, | |
start = c(1990, 1), | |
end = c(2019, 4), | |
frequency = 4) | |
GDP_GWR <- ts(data$GDP_GWR, | |
start = c(1990, 1), | |
end = c(2019, 4), | |
frequency = 4) | |
Consumption <- ts(data$Consumption, | |
start = c(1990, 1), | |
end = c(2019, 4), | |
frequency = 4) | |
C_GWR <- ts(data$C_GWR, | |
start = c(1990, 1), | |
end = c(2019, 4), | |
frequency = 4) | |
##Create objects storing adf test results | |
adf1 <- adf.test(GDP_pc) | |
adf2 <- adf.test(GDP_GWR) | |
adf3 <- adf.test(Consumption) | |
adf4 <- adf.test(C_GWR) | |
##Plot Raw series and Growth Rate | |
par(mfrow=c(2,2)) | |
plot(GDP_pc, main="U.S.A GDP Per Capita", xlab="Time", ylab="GDP Per Capita ($$)", sub=paste("ADF Test:p-value: ", round(adf1$p.value,3), "Failure to Reject Null-Not Stationary")) | |
plot(GDP_GWR, main="U.S.A GDP Growth Rate", xlab="Time", ylab="Growth Rate", sub=paste("ADF Test:p-value: ", round(adf2$p.value,3), "Reject Null-Stationary")) | |
plot(Consumption, main="U.S.A Consumption Expenses", xlab="Time", ylab="Consumption Expenses ($$)", sub=paste("ADF Test:p-value: ", round(adf3$p.value,3), "Failure to Reject Null-Not Stationary")) | |
plot(C_GWR, main="U.S.A Consumption Growth Rate", xlab="Time", ylab="Growth Rate", sub=paste("ADF Test:p-value: ", round(adf4$p.value,3), "Reject Null-Stationary")) |
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