bash config

.bash_aliases--moved to non-Gist dotfiles

This is an old version. See the new one in my dotfiles repo: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/auwsom/dotfiles/main/.bash_aliases

## These lines for importing these command aliases and functions into .bash_aliases (or .bashrc), the settings file for bash
# `wget https://gist.github.com/auwsom/57c4f7c9db585b3f67065f13055986cc/raw -O ~/.bash_aliases && source ~/.bashrc`
# `wget https://bit.ly/3o2fy8S -O ~/.bash_aliases && source ~/.bashrc`
# `cp -f ~/.bash_aliases /home/user/.bash_aliases && chown user:user /home/user/.bash_aliases`
#shellcheck "$0" # `apt install shellcheck` to check any script for any errors. uncomment line to check this one.

# see further down for more general Linux tips and learning sites

## basic .bashrc settings
HISTCONTROL=ignorespace:ignoredups:erasedups   # no duplicate entries
#shopt -s histverify   # confirm bash history (!number) commands before executing. optional for beginners using bang ! commands. can also use ctrl+alt+e to expand before enter.
#export PROMPT_COMMAND='history -a' # will save (append) history every time a new shell is opened. unfortunately, it also adds duplicates before they get removed by writing to file.
# `history -a;history -c;history -r` # this will reload history with commands from other shells 
set -o noclobber  # dont let accidental > overwrite. use >| to force redirection even with noclobber
shopt -s dotglob  # will include dot files in mv, cp and rsync
# alias # unalias # put extra space at end of aliased command will make bash look if the next arg is an alias
alias vibash='vi ~/.bash_aliases ' # use `vimtutor` to learn (`esc` then `:q` to quit. `ctrl+w` sometimes). or use `nano` editor.
alias rebash='source ~/.bashrc ' # have to use `source` command to load the settings file. ~ is home directory
dircolors -p | sed 's/;42/;01/' >| ~/.dircolors # remove directory colors

# some familiar keyboard shortcuts 
stty -ixon # this unsets the ctrl+s to stop(suspend) the terminal. (ctrl+q would start it again).
stty intr ^S # this changes the ctrl+c for interrupt process to ctrl+s, to allow modern ctrl+c for copy.
stty lnext ^N # this changes the ctrl+v for lnext to ctrl+b, to allow modern ctrl+v for paste. lnext shows the keycode of the next key typed.
stty susp undef # ctrl+z for undo have to remove default. https://www.computerhope.com/unix/bash/bind.htm
bind '"\C-z": undo' && bind '"\ez": yank' # crtl+z and alt+z (bash bind wont do ctrl+shift+key, will do alt+shift+key ^[z) \e is esc and alt(meta). 
bind '"\C-f": revert-line' # clear the line

## short abc's of common commands. be careful when making one letter test files or variables. use \ to escape alias.
## commands. use `whatis` then command name for official explanation of any command. then command plus `--help`
# use `--help` flag or `man`, `info`, `tldr` and `whatis` commands for more info on any command
# full list: https://www.computerhope.com/unix.htm or `ls /bin`. https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html
# list all builtins with `\help`. then `\help <builtin>` for any single one.
# use \ before any alias command to use the original command
alias apt="sudo apt " # also extend sudo timeout: `echo 'Defaults timestamp_timeout=360 #minutes' | sudo EDITOR='tee -a' visudo`
alias b='bg 1 ' # put background job 1
alias f='fg 1 ' # put foreground job 1
alias c='clear ' # clear terminal
alias cat='cat ' # concatenate (if more than one file) and display. use `realpath` for piping to cat.
alias cd='cd ' # extra space allows aliasing directories `alias fstab='/etc/fstab '`
alias cdh='cd ~ ' # cd home
alias cdb='cd - ' # cd back
alias cdu='cd .. ' # change directory up
alias cp='cp -r ' # recursive. but next command is better because shows progress (not possible with cp without piping)
alias cpr='rsync -aAX --info=progress2 ' # copy with progress info, -a --archive mode: recursive, copies symlinks, keeps permissions, times, owner, group, device. -A acls -X extended attributes.
alias df='df -h -x"squashfs" ' # human readable, will not show all the snap mounts
alias du='du -hs ' # human readable, summarize
alias e='echo ' # show <args>. or for 'exit '-01/816-5165/history-1/index.html
alias fh='find . -iname ' # wildcard * have to be in double quotes (no expansion). -exec needs escaped semicolon \;
alias fr='find / -iname ' # use `tldr find` for basics. -L will follow symlinks
alias fm='findmnt ' # shows mountpoints as tree
alias g='grep -i ' # search for text and more. Global Regular Expressions Print. -i is case-insensitive. use -v to exclude. add mulitple with -e <pattern>
alias i='ip a ' # network info
alias h='history 50 '
alias hhh='history ' # `apt install hstr`. replaces ctrl-r with `hstr --show-configuration >> ~/.bashrc` https://github.com/dvorka/hstr. disables hide by default.
alias hg='history | grep -i '
#alias hd='history -d -2--1 ' #not working # delete last line. `history -d -10--2` to del 9 lines from -10 to -2 inclusive, counting itself. or use space in front of command to hide. 
alias j='jobs ' # dont use much unless `ctrl+z` to stop process
alias k='kill -9 <id> ' # or `kill SIGTERM` to terminate process (or job). or `pgreg __` and then `pkill __`
alias kk='kill %1 ' # kill job 1 gently
alias k3='kill -TERM %1 ' # terminate job 1
alias lo='locate --limit 5' # `apt install locate` finds common file locations fast (fstab, etc) 
#alias ls='ls -F ' # list. F is --classify with symbols or colors. already included in most .bashrc
#alias la='ls -A' # list all. included. 
alias ll='ls -alFh ' # list all long format. included. added human readable.
alias lll='ls -alF ' # list all long format. full bytec count. 
alias ltr='ls -ltr ' # list long, time, reverse. sorted bottom is latest changed. 
alias mo='more ' # break output into pages. or `less`.
alias md='mkdir -p ' # makes all --parents directories necessary
alias mv='mv -in ' # interactive. -n for no clobber
alias mvu='install -o user -g user -D -t ' # target/ dir/* # this copies while keeping target dir ownership
alias new='touch ' # new file. or `echo $text | tee $newfile`. also `netstat`
alias ncdu='ncdu -x ' # manage disk space utility. `apt install ncdu`
alias o=''  
alias ps='ps -ef ' # list processed - all, full-format
alias ps1='ps -O -p ' # <PID> show info on one PID: PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND (ENV)
alias psp='ps -o ppid= -p ' # <PID> show parent PID
alias pgrep='pgrep -af ' # grep processes - full, list-full. use \pgrep for just the PID.
alias pkill='pkill -f ' # kill processed - full
# p for pipe `|` a very powerful feature of shell language. transfers command output to input next command.
alias q='helpany ' # see helpany function
alias rm='rm -Irv ' # make remove confirm and also recursive for directories by default. v is for verbose. 
# ^^ ***maybe most important one***, avoids deleting uninended files. use -i to approve each deletion.
alias s='sudo -s '; alias sudo='sudo ' # elevate privelege for command. see `visudo` to set. And `usermod -aG sudo add`, security caution when adding.
alias ssh='ssh -vvv ' # most verbose level
# `sort` `sort --numeric-sort` `sort --human-numeric-sort` `unique`
# `stat` will show file info 
alias t='htop ' # `q` to exit like in many utilities. htop allows deleting directly. `apt install htop`
alias tree='tree -h --du -L 2 ' #<dir>. `apt install tree`
# `type` will show info on commands and show functions
alias untar='tar -xvf ' # -C /target/directory
alias urel='cat /etc/os-release ' # show OS info
alias vi='vi ' # extra space allows aliasing common files `alias fstab='/etc/fstab '`
#alias w='whatis ' # display one-line manual page descriptions
#alias w='whereis ' # locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a...
#alias w='which ' # locate a command
alias x='xargs ' # take last output and pipe into new command. not all commands support it, but many do. 
# use `xargs -I % some-command %` to use output as non-standard argument
alias rrr='reboot ' # uncomment if you want this. also `systemctl reboot`. DE `reboot -t 120`   
alias zzz='systemctl poweroff ' # uncomment if you want this. also `systemctl halt` or `shutdown -H now`. halt leaves on


## more advanced:
alias bc="BC_ENV_ARGS=<(echo "scale=2") \bc"
alias d='dirs ' # shows dir stack for pushd/popd
alias diff='diff --color ' # compare
alias dmesg='dmesg -HTw ' # messages from the kernel, human readable, timestamp, follow
# dbus-monitor, qdbus
# `env` # shows environment variables
alias fc='fc -s ' #<query> # search and rerun command from history. shebang is similar !<query> or !number. fc -s [old=new] [command]   https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253
alias fsck='fsck -p ' # automatic. or use -y for yes to all except multiple choice.
alias redo='fc -s ' # redo from history. see fc.
alias flmh='find . -type d \( -name .cache -o -name .mozilla \) -prune -o -type f -mmin -1 '
alias flmr='find / -type d \( -name proc -o -name sys -o -name dev -o -name run -o -name var -o -name media \) -prune -o -type f -mmin -1 '
alias free='free -h ' # check memory, human readable
# `inotifywait -m ~/.config/ -e create -e modify` (inotify-tools), watch runs every x sec, entr runs command after file changes
alias jo='journalctl ' # -p err, --list-boots, -b, -b -1, -r, -x, -k (kernel/dmesg), -f, --grep, -g
alias ku='pkill -KILL -u user ' # kill another users processes. use `skill` default is TERM.
alias lnf='ln -f ' # symlink. use -f to overwrite. <target> <linkname>
alias ma='cat /var/mail/root ' # mail
alias pegrep='grep -P ' # PCRE grep https://stackoverflow.com/a/67943782/4240654
alias perl='perl -p -i -e ' # loop through stdin lines. in-place. use as command. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6302025/perl-flags-pe-pi-p-w-d-i-t
alias pd='pushd ' # a way to move through directories in a row (https://linux.101hacks.com/cd-command/dirs-pushd-popd/)
alias pp='popd ' # going back through the 'stack' history
alias pstree='pstree ' # shows what started a process
alias r='read -a ' # reads into array. or see rename function
alias rplasma='pkill plasmashell && plasmashell & ' # restart plasmashell in KDE Kubuntu
alias sys='systemctl ' # `enable --now` will enable and start
alias sysl='systemctl list-unit-files ' # | grep <arg>
alias t0='truncate -s 0 ' # reset file with zeros to wipe. also use wipe -qr.
alias u='users ' # show all users logged in. `last` show last logins
alias uu='sudo apt update && apt -y upgrade ' # show all users logged in. `last` show last logins
alias unama='uname -a ' # show all kernel info 
#alias w='w ' # Show who is logged on and what they are doing. Or `who`.
# wget or curl to download webfile
alias uname='uname -a ' # show all kernel info 
alias zzr='shutdown -r now || true ' # reboot in ssh, otherwise freezes
alias zzs='shutdown -h now || true ' # shutdown in ssh, otherwise freezes
# common typos
alias unmount='umount ' ; alias u='umount ' ; alias mounts='mount ' ; alias m='mount | g -v -e cgroup -e fs' ; alias ma='mount -a' ; alias mg='mount | grep ' 
# change tty term from cli: `chvt 2`
# keyrings https://itnext.io/what-is-linux-keyring-gnome-keyring-secret-service-and-d-bus-349df9411e67 
# encrypt files with `gpg -c`

## extra stuff
# `!!` for last command, as in `sudo !!`. `ctrl+alt+e` expand works here. `!-1:-1` for second to last arg in last command.
# `vi $(!!)` to use output of last command. or use backticks: vi `!!`
# `declare -f <function>` will show it
# export -f <alias> # will export alias as function to be used in scripts. or source .bash_aliases after settinge `shopt -s expand_aliases`
set -a # sets for export to env the following functions, for calling in scripts and subshells (aliases dont get called).
function hdn { history -d $1; history -w; } # delete history line number
function hdl { history -d $(($HISTCMD - 2)); history -w; } # delete history last number
function hdln { history -d $(($HISTCMD - $1 -1))-$(($HISTCMD - 2)); history -w; } # delete last n lines. (add 1 for this command) (history -d -$1--1; has error)
function help { $1 --help; } # use `\help` if you ever want to see the default commands list
function hh { $1 --help; } 
function helpany { $1 --help || help $1 || man $1 || info $1; } # use any of the help docs. # also use tldr. 
function ren { mv $1 $2; } # rename
function sudov { while true; do sudo -v; sleep 360; done; } # will grant sudo 'for 60 minutes
function addpath { export PATH="$1:$PATH"; } # add to path
set +a
# `unset -f foo`; or `unset -f` to remove all functions
export CDPATH=".:/home/user" # can cd to any dir in user home from anywhere just by `cd Documents`
#export CDPATH=".:/etc" # just type `cd grub.d`
#export CDPATH=".:/" # could use at root to remove need for typing lead /, but could cause confusion
export VISUAL='vi' # export EDITOR='vi' is for old line editors like ed
# ! dont use single quotes when setting `export PATH="_:$PATH"`. single quotes do not do parameter expansion.
# export TERM='xterm' # makes vim use End and Home keys. but only vt220 on ubuntu cloud image

## key bindings. custom emacs. or use `set -o vi` for vim bindings. `set -o emacs` to reverse.
# bind -p # will list all current key bindings. https://www.computerhope.com/unix/bash/bind.htm
# ***very helpful*** press `ctrl+alt+e` to expand the symbol to show. press double keys slowly to use normally. 
# `bind -r <keycode>` to remove. use ctrl+V (lnext) to use key normally. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code
# `set -o posix ; set` or `set | more` lists all variables
bind '"\\\\": "|"' # quick shortcut to | pipe key. double \\ key. (the 4 \\\\s are for escape chars)
bind '",,": "!$"' # easy way to get last argument from last line. can expand. delete $ for ! bang commands.
bind '",.": "$"' # quick shortcut to $ key. 
bind '"..": shell-expand-line' # easy `ctrl+alt+e` expand
bind '".,": "$(!!)"' # easy way to add last output. can expand
bind '"///": reverse-search-history' # easy ctrl+r for history search.
bind '\C-Q: shell-kill-word' # crtl+q is erase forward one word. (ctrl+a, ctrl+q to change first command on line)

: <<'END' 
basic bash commands:
`fdisk -l` # partition table list. also see `cfdisk` for changing
`blkid` # block id
`lsblk` # list block `lsblk --output UUID /dev/sda1`
`mount` # list mounts. or `findmnt` list as tree
`df -h` # filesystem disk usage, human readable
`du -sh`; `du -cd1 . | sort -n` # disk usage --summarize --human-readable or du --total --max-depth 1 pipe to sort numerically
`ncdu -x /` # `apt install ncdu` to find disk usage to delete when full
`ps -ef | grep`   # process snapshot --all in `full format` then search for text string
`kill -9 <pid>` `kill -TERM <pid>` `pidof <> | xargs kill` `pkill` to kill processes
`systemctl status | grep`   # systemctl is the current process manager using services
`uname -a`   # get quick system info
`cat /etc/*release`   # get kernel info
`dircolors -p | sed 's/;42/;01/' >| ~/.dircolors`   # if you need to remove colorization
press `ctrl+alt+e` to expand symbols to show them, such as `!!`
clear line: `ctrl+e`,`ctrl+u` goto end then clear to left, (or ctrl+a, ctrl+k)
cut left word `ctrl w`, paste that word `ctrl y`, use `alt d` to cut forward
undo like this : `ctrl+_`
creation time if available: `stat`
terminal key shortcuts: `stty -a`
search history reverse (type afterward): `ctrl+r`, go forward `ctrl+f`. `ctrl+g` cancels. `alt(meta)+>` go back to history bottom.
ways to kill runaway process: `ctrl+c`, `ctrl+d` (exit current shell), `ctrl+\` 
list last installed `grep -i "install" /var/log/dpkg.log`
apt: remove. purge deletes config except in home dir. autoremove deletes unused.    
apt -s, --simulate, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon, --no-act  = No action; perform a simulation..
`apt show <package>` shows size, unlike simulate, even if not installed, but sizes not same as install info
conditional expressions, if [  ];then ;fi, `man bash` search / comparsion, https://tldp.org
learnshell.org
linuxcommand.org
https://linux.101hacks.com/toc/ CDPATH info
END

## common files: # need extra space in alias for commands on files
shopt -s cdable_vars # makes directories aliasable. see bottom for commonly used directories
alias fstab='/etc/fstab' 
alias pass='/etc/passwd' 
alias group='/etc/group' 
alias shadow='/etc/shadow' 
alias sudoers='/etc/sudoers' 
alias grub='/etc/default/grub' 
alias sources='/etc/apt/sources.list' 
alias crontabf='/etc/crontab' 
alias resolv='/etc/resolv.conf' # resolvectl status 
alias hosts='/etc/hosts' 
alias netman='/etc/network/interfaces' # `man interfaces`
alias netpln='/etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml'
# common directories: # need extra space in alias for commands on files
# /etc/default/grub.d/, /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
# /etc/cron.d/, /etc/cron.daily/ (etc),  /var/cache/apt/archives/ (use apt clean?)visudo
# /proc/cmdline, /dev/disk/by-id (etc), /proc, /dev, /media/user, /home/user
# /var/log/.. syslog auth.log boot.log lastlog
# admin commands: last, w, who, whoami, users, login, uptime, free -th, mpstat, iostat, bashtop, ssh, lsof, lspci, dmesg, dbus, strace, 
# editing: `sed -i 's/<search>/<replace>/g' (g global optional), `awk '{ print $1 }' file` for printing column(s)
# info: file, stat, type, date, +date %F,
# `locate *.desktop`
# `locate *.desktop | grep -v usr` shows program shortcuts location. also: https://askubuntu.com/questions/5172/running-a-desktop-file-in-the-terminal

## basic settings:
# be careful of your filesystem filling up space as it will freeze your OS.. ways to deal with that: create a large dummy file that can be erased, like swapfile, `echo 'SystemMaxUse=200M' >> journald.conf` then limit /tmp and /home 
# use `sudo -s` to elevate user but stay in same user environment (history and bashrc prefs). 
# add user to sudo group: `usermod -aG sudo user` to protect root user (can remove privelege from user if needed)
# careful with changing all permissions to 777: https://superuser.com/questions/132891/how-to-reset-folder-permissions-to-their-default-in-ubuntu

## basic vim settings: 
echo -e '
set nocompatible
set showmode
set whichwrap+=<,> "arrow key wraparound"
set number   " :set nonumber"
set autowrite
set autoindent
set ruler
set wrapscan 
if has("autocmd")\n  au BufReadPost * if line("'\''\"") > 0 && line("'\''\"") <= line("$") | exe "normal! g`\"" | endif\nendif
nnoremap <F5> <esc>:w<enter>:!%:p<enter> "run script"
inoremap <F5> <esc>:w<enter>:!%:p<enter>
' >| ~/.vimrc   # >> to not overwrite 
# https://askubuntu.com/questions/202075/how-do-i-get-vim-to-remember-the-line-i-was-on-when-i-reopen-a-file
# more ideas: https://github.com/amix/vimrc, https://github.com/rwxrob/dot/blob/main/vim/.vimrc
# basic vim commands: https://gist.github.com/auwsom/78c837fde60fe36159ee89e4e29ed6f1
# https://rwxrob.github.io/vi-help/

: <<'END3'
## tmux   wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rwxrob/dot/main/tmux/.tmux.conf
# C-a, (d = detach, [ = copy mode, q = quit) g G w b / ? n N space enter esc ] = paste
git clone https://github.com/tmux-plugins/tpm ~/.tmux/plugins/tpm
echo -e "
set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tpm'
set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-sensible'
set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-resurrect' # C-a, C-b  to save and restore
set -g @continuum-restore 'on' # every 15 min
run '~/.tmux/plugins/tpm/tpm'
" >> ~/.tmux.conf
# https://tmuxcheatsheet.com/
# Scrolling: Ctrl-b then [ then you can use your normal navigation keys to scroll around (eg. Up Arrow or PgDn). Press q to quit scroll mode.
END3

## basic git settings
alias gs='git status '
alias gl='git log '
alias gb='git branch '
alias ga='git add . '
alias gc='git commit -m "commit" '
alias gac='ga && gc '
alias gps='git push -u origin main '
alias gpl='git pull ' # (git fetch && git merge) 
# git clone is for first copy # git status, git log, git branch
#[Configure GitHub SSH Keys - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6KTbytdNgs?disablekb=0)
#git-cheatsheet.com
#[Learn Github in 20 Minutes - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhNq2kIvi9s)
#[Git MERGE vs REBASE - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRlGDDprdOQ) use merge squash
#https://alvar3z.com/blog/git-going-gud/

## misc linux/ubuntu help
# -- marks the end of the option list. This avoids issues with filenames starting with hyphens.
# renaming extensions `for f in file*.txt; do echo/mv "$f" "${f/%txt/text}"; done`
# `apt --fix-broken install` or `dpkg --configure -a`
# `apt clean` then `apt purge <package>` to uninstall package broken from out of disk space.
# use `apt purge *<old kernel number>*` to clear out old kernels for space. orr `journalctl --vacuum-size=5M`
# `apt purge <package>` doesnt erase anything in home dir
# list installed packages by date: `grep " install " /var/log/dpkg.log` or `apt-mark showmanual`
# `apt install mlocate ncdu htop`
# extundelete and ext4magic and testdisk can only recover files because of ext#. keeping data on ntfs has structure info in journal.
# `ntfsundelete /dev/hda1 -t 2d` Look for deleted files altered in the last two days

# bash wildcards (glob/global): `*(pattern|optional-or) ? * + @ ! https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/bash-extended-globbing
# `egrep "(a)(.*b)"` matches everything between a and b inclusively. 
# test regex (non-lookahead) https://regex101.com/
# lookahead can match any combination of `(?=.*word1)(?=.*word2)(?=.*word3)` https://www.ocpsoft.org/tutorials/regular-expressions/and-in-regex/

#alias -p | g ' u=' | xargs -I % bash -c "sed -i 's/="/=" type _ ; /' %"
# wget rc files
#
export home='/home/user' # for setup 
#