golang-patterns

import "regexp"

// Basic regular expressions for validating strings
const (
	Email          string = "^(((([a-zA-Z]|\\d|[!#\\$%&'\\*\\+\\-\\/=\\?\\^_`{\\|}~]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])+(\\.([a-zA-Z]|\\d|[!#\\$%&'\\*\\+\\-\\/=\\?\\^_`{\\|}~]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])+)*)|((\\x22)((((\\x20|\\x09)*(\\x0d\\x0a))?(\\x20|\\x09)+)?(([\\x01-\\x08\\x0b\\x0c\\x0e-\\x1f\\x7f]|\\x21|[\\x23-\\x5b]|[\\x5d-\\x7e]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])|(\\([\\x01-\\x09\\x0b\\x0c\\x0d-\\x7f]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}]))))*(((\\x20|\\x09)*(\\x0d\\x0a))?(\\x20|\\x09)+)?(\\x22)))@((([a-zA-Z]|\\d|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])|(([a-zA-Z]|\\d|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])([a-zA-Z]|\\d|-|\\.|_|~|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])*([a-zA-Z]|\\d|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])))\\.)+(([a-zA-Z]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])|(([a-zA-Z]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])([a-zA-Z]|\\d|-|\\.|_|~|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])*([a-zA-Z]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])))\\.?$"
	CreditCard     string = "^(?:4[0-9]{12}(?:[0-9]{3})?|5[1-5][0-9]{14}|6(?:011|5[0-9][0-9])[0-9]{12}|3[47][0-9]{13}|3(?:0[0-5]|[68][0-9])[0-9]{11}|(?:2131|1800|35\\d{3})\\d{11})$"
	ISBN10         string = "^(?:[0-9]{9}X|[0-9]{10})$"
	ISBN13         string = "^(?:[0-9]{13})$"
	UUID3          string = "^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-3[0-9a-f]{3}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$"
	UUID4          string = "^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-4[0-9a-f]{3}-[89ab][0-9a-f]{3}-[0-9a-f]{12}$"
	UUID5          string = "^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-5[0-9a-f]{3}-[89ab][0-9a-f]{3}-[0-9a-f]{12}$"
	UUID           string = "^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$"
	Alpha          string = "^[a-zA-Z]+$"
	Alphanumeric   string = "^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$"
	Numeric        string = "^[-+]?[0-9]+$"
	Int            string = "^(?:[-+]?(?:0|[1-9][0-9]*))$"
	Float          string = "^(?:[-+]?(?:[0-9]+))?(?:\\.[0-9]*)?(?:[eE][\\+\\-]?(?:[0-9]+))?$"
	Hexadecimal    string = "^[0-9a-fA-F]+$"
	Hexcolor       string = "^#?([0-9a-fA-F]{3}|[0-9a-fA-F]{6})$"
	RGBcolor       string = "^rgb\\(\\s*(0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*,\\s*(0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*,\\s*(0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*\\)$"
	ASCII          string = "^[\x00-\x7F]+$"
	Multibyte      string = "[^\x00-\x7F]"
	FullWidth      string = "[^\u0020-\u007E\uFF61-\uFF9F\uFFA0-\uFFDC\uFFE8-\uFFEE0-9a-zA-Z]"
	HalfWidth      string = "[\u0020-\u007E\uFF61-\uFF9F\uFFA0-\uFFDC\uFFE8-\uFFEE0-9a-zA-Z]"
	Base64         string = "^(?:[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{4})*(?:[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{2}==|[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{3}=|[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{4})$"
	PrintableASCII string = "^[\x20-\x7E]+$"
	DataURI        string = "^data:.+\\/(.+);base64$"
	Latitude       string = "^[-+]?([1-8]?\\d(\\.\\d+)?|90(\\.0+)?)$"
	Longitude      string = "^[-+]?(180(\\.0+)?|((1[0-7]\\d)|([1-9]?\\d))(\\.\\d+)?)$"
	DNSName        string = `^([a-zA-Z0-9]{1}[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,62}){1}(.[a-zA-Z0-9]{1}[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,62})*$`
	URL            string = `^((ftp|https?):\/\/)?(\S+(:\S*)?@)?((([1-9]\d?|1\d\d|2[01]\d|22[0-3])(\.(1?\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])){2}(?:\.([0-9]\d?|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-4]))|(([a-zA-Z0-9]+([-\.][a-zA-Z0-9]+)*)|((www\.)?))?(([a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}0-9]+-?-?)*[a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}0-9]+)(?:\.([a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}]{2,}))?))(:(\d{1,5}))?((\/|\?|#)[^\s]*)?$`
	SSN            string = `^\d{3}[- ]?\d{2}[- ]?\d{4}$`
	WinPath        string = `^[a-zA-Z]:\\(?:[^\\/:*?"<>|\r\n]+\\)*[^\\/:*?"<>|\r\n]*$`
	UnixPath       string = `^((?:\/[a-zA-Z0-9\.\:]+(?:_[a-zA-Z0-9\:\.]+)*(?:\-[\:a-zA-Z0-9\.]+)*)+\/?)$`
	Semver         string = "^v?(?:0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.(?:0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.(?:0|[1-9]\\d*)(-(0|[1-9]\\d*|\\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*)(\\.(0|[1-9]\\d*|\\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*))*)?(\\+[0-9a-zA-Z-]+(\\.[0-9a-zA-Z-]+)*)?$"
	tagName        string = "valid"
)

// Used by IsFilePath func
const (
	// Unknown is unresolved OS type
	Unknown = iota
	// Win is Windows type
	Win
	// Unix is *nix OS types
	Unix
)

var (
	rxEmail          = regexp.MustCompile(Email)
	rxCreditCard     = regexp.MustCompile(CreditCard)
	rxISBN10         = regexp.MustCompile(ISBN10)
	rxISBN13         = regexp.MustCompile(ISBN13)
	rxUUID3          = regexp.MustCompile(UUID3)
	rxUUID4          = regexp.MustCompile(UUID4)
	rxUUID5          = regexp.MustCompile(UUID5)
	rxUUID           = regexp.MustCompile(UUID)
	rxAlpha          = regexp.MustCompile(Alpha)
	rxAlphanumeric   = regexp.MustCompile(Alphanumeric)
	rxNumeric        = regexp.MustCompile(Numeric)
	rxInt            = regexp.MustCompile(Int)
	rxFloat          = regexp.MustCompile(Float)
	rxHexadecimal    = regexp.MustCompile(Hexadecimal)
	rxHexcolor       = regexp.MustCompile(Hexcolor)
	rxRGBcolor       = regexp.MustCompile(RGBcolor)
	rxASCII          = regexp.MustCompile(ASCII)
	rxPrintableASCII = regexp.MustCompile(PrintableASCII)
	rxMultibyte      = regexp.MustCompile(Multibyte)
	rxFullWidth      = regexp.MustCompile(FullWidth)
	rxHalfWidth      = regexp.MustCompile(HalfWidth)
	rxBase64         = regexp.MustCompile(Base64)
	rxDataURI        = regexp.MustCompile(DataURI)
	rxLatitude       = regexp.MustCompile(Latitude)
	rxLongitude      = regexp.MustCompile(Longitude)
	rxDNSName        = regexp.MustCompile(DNSName)
	rxURL            = regexp.MustCompile(URL)
	rxSSN            = regexp.MustCompile(SSN)
	rxWinPath        = regexp.MustCompile(WinPath)
	rxUnixPath       = regexp.MustCompile(UnixPath)
	rxSemver         = regexp.MustCompile(Semver)
)

validator.go

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"net/url"
	"reflect"
	"regexp"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"

	"unicode"
	"unicode/utf8"
)

var fieldsRequiredByDefault bool

// SetFieldsRequiredByDefault causes validation to fail when struct fields
// do not include validations or are not explicitly marked as exempt (using `valid:"-"` or `valid:"email,optional"`).
// This struct definition will fail govalidator.ValidateStruct() (and the field values do not matter):
//     type exampleStruct struct {
//         Name  string ``
//         Email string `valid:"email"`
// This, however, will only fail when Email is empty or an invalid email address:
//     type exampleStruct2 struct {
//         Name  string `valid:"-"`
//         Email string `valid:"email"`
// Lastly, this will only fail when Email is an invalid email address but not when it's empty:
//     type exampleStruct2 struct {
//         Name  string `valid:"-"`
//         Email string `valid:"email,optional"`
func SetFieldsRequiredByDefault(value bool) {
	fieldsRequiredByDefault = value
}

// IsEmail check if the string is an email.
func IsEmail(str string) bool {
	// TODO uppercase letters are not supported
	return rxEmail.MatchString(str)
}

// IsURL check if the string is an URL.
func IsURL(str string) bool {
	if str == "" || len(str) >= 2083 || len(str) <= 3 || strings.HasPrefix(str, ".") {
		return false
	}
	u, err := url.Parse(str)
	if err != nil {
		return false
	}
	if strings.HasPrefix(u.Host, ".") {
		return false
	}
	if u.Host == "" && (u.Path != "" && !strings.Contains(u.Path, ".")) {
		return false
	}
	return rxURL.MatchString(str)

}

// IsRequestURL check if the string rawurl, assuming
// it was recieved in an HTTP request, is a valid
// URL confirm to RFC 3986
func IsRequestURL(rawurl string) bool {
	url, err := url.ParseRequestURI(rawurl)
	if err != nil {
		return false //Couldn't even parse the rawurl
	}
	if len(url.Scheme) == 0 {
		return false //No Scheme found
	}
	return true
}

// IsRequestURI check if the string rawurl, assuming
// it was recieved in an HTTP request, is an
// absolute URI or an absolute path.
func IsRequestURI(rawurl string) bool {
	_, err := url.ParseRequestURI(rawurl)
	return err == nil
}

// IsAlpha check if the string contains only letters (a-zA-Z). Empty string is valid.
func IsAlpha(str string) bool {
	if IsNull(str) {
		return true
	}
	return rxAlpha.MatchString(str)
}

//IsUTFLetter check if the string contains only unicode letter characters.
//Similar to IsAlpha but for all languages. Empty string is valid.
func IsUTFLetter(str string) bool {
	if IsNull(str) {
		return true
	}

	for _, c := range str {
		if !unicode.IsLetter(c) {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true

}

// IsAlphanumeric check if the string contains only letters and numbers. Empty string is valid.
func IsAlphanumeric(str string) bool {
	if IsNull(str) {
		return true
	}
	return rxAlphanumeric.MatchString(str)
}

// IsUTFLetterNumeric check if the string contains only unicode letters and numbers. Empty string is valid.
func IsUTFLetterNumeric(str string) bool {
	if IsNull(str) {
		return true
	}
	for _, c := range str {
		if !unicode.IsLetter(c) && !unicode.IsNumber(c) { //letters && numbers are ok
			return false
		}
	}
	return true

}

// IsNumeric check if the string contains only numbers. Empty string is valid.
func IsNumeric(str string) bool {
	if IsNull(str) {
		return true
	}
	return rxNumeric.MatchString(str)
}

// IsUTFNumeric check if the string contains only unicode numbers of any kind.
// Numbers can be 0-9 but also Fractions ¾,Roman Ⅸ and Hangzhou 〩. Empty string is valid.
func IsUTFNumeric(str string) bool {
	if IsNull(str) {
		return true
	}
	if strings.IndexAny(str, "+-") > 0 {
		return false
	}
	if len(str) > 1 {
		str = strings.TrimPrefix(str, "-")
		str = strings.TrimPrefix(str, "+")
	}
	for _, c := range str {
		if unicode.IsNumber(c) == false { //numbers && minus sign are ok
			return false
		}
	}
	return true

}

// IsUTFDigit check if the string contains only unicode radix-10 decimal digits. Empty string is valid.
func IsUTFDigit(str string) bool {
	if IsNull(str) {
		return true
	}
	if strings.IndexAny(str, "+-") > 0 {
		return false
	}
	if len(str) > 1 {
		str = strings.TrimPrefix(str, "-")
		str = strings.TrimPrefix(str, "+")
	}
	for _, c := range str {
		if !unicode.IsDigit(c) { //digits && minus sign are ok
			return false
		}
	}
	return true

}

// IsHexadecimal check if the string is a hexadecimal number.
func IsHexadecimal(str string) bool {
	return rxHexadecimal.MatchString(str)
}

// IsHexcolor check if the string is a hexadecimal color.
func IsHexcolor(str string) bool {
	return rxHexcolor.MatchString(str)
}

// IsRGBcolor check if the string is a valid RGB color in form rgb(RRR, GGG, BBB).
func IsRGBcolor(str string) bool {
	return rxRGBcolor.MatchString(str)
}

// IsLowerCase check if the string is lowercase. Empty string is valid.
func IsLowerCase(str string) bool {
	if IsNull(str) {
		return true
	}
	return str == strings.ToLower(str)
}

// IsUpperCase check if the string is uppercase. Empty string is valid.
func IsUpperCase(str string) bool {
	if IsNull(str) {
		return true
	}
	return str == strings.ToUpper(str)
}

// IsInt check if the string is an integer. Empty string is valid.
func IsInt(str string) bool {
	if IsNull(str) {
		return true
	}
	return rxInt.MatchString(str)
}

// IsFloat check if the string is a float.
func IsFloat(str string) bool {
	return str != "" && rxFloat.MatchString(str)
}

// IsDivisibleBy check if the string is a number that's divisible by another.
// If second argument is not valid integer or zero, it's return false.
// Otherwise, if first argument is not valid integer or zero, it's return true (Invalid string converts to zero).
func IsDivisibleBy(str, num string) bool {
	f, _ := ToFloat(str)
	p := int64(f)
	q, _ := ToInt(num)
	if q == 0 {
		return false
	}
	return (p == 0) || (p%q == 0)
}

// IsNull check if the string is null.
func IsNull(str string) bool {
	return len(str) == 0
}

// IsByteLength check if the string's length (in bytes) falls in a range.
func IsByteLength(str string, min, max int) bool {
	return len(str) >= min && len(str) <= max
}

// IsUUIDv3 check if the string is a UUID version 3.
func IsUUIDv3(str string) bool {
	return rxUUID3.MatchString(str)
}

// IsUUIDv4 check if the string is a UUID version 4.
func IsUUIDv4(str string) bool {
	return rxUUID4.MatchString(str)
}

// IsUUIDv5 check if the string is a UUID version 5.
func IsUUIDv5(str string) bool {
	return rxUUID5.MatchString(str)
}

// IsUUID check if the string is a UUID (version 3, 4 or 5).
func IsUUID(str string) bool {
	return rxUUID.MatchString(str)
}

// IsCreditCard check if the string is a credit card.
func IsCreditCard(str string) bool {
	r, _ := regexp.Compile("[^0-9]+")
	sanitized := r.ReplaceAll([]byte(str), []byte(""))
	if !rxCreditCard.MatchString(string(sanitized)) {
		return false
	}
	var sum int64
	var digit string
	var tmpNum int64
	var shouldDouble bool
	for i := len(sanitized) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		digit = string(sanitized[i:(i + 1)])
		tmpNum, _ = ToInt(digit)
		if shouldDouble {
			tmpNum *= 2
			if tmpNum >= 10 {
				sum += ((tmpNum % 10) + 1)
			} else {
				sum += tmpNum
			}
		} else {
			sum += tmpNum
		}
		shouldDouble = !shouldDouble
	}

	if sum%10 == 0 {
		return true
	}
	return false
}

// IsISBN10 check if the string is an ISBN version 10.
func IsISBN10(str string) bool {
	return IsISBN(str, 10)
}

// IsISBN13 check if the string is an ISBN version 13.
func IsISBN13(str string) bool {
	return IsISBN(str, 13)
}

// IsISBN check if the string is an ISBN (version 10 or 13).
// If version value is not equal to 10 or 13, it will be check both variants.
func IsISBN(str string, version int) bool {
	r, _ := regexp.Compile("[\\s-]+")
	sanitized := r.ReplaceAll([]byte(str), []byte(""))
	var checksum int32
	var i int32
	if version == 10 {
		if !rxISBN10.MatchString(string(sanitized)) {
			return false
		}
		for i = 0; i < 9; i++ {
			checksum += (i + 1) * int32(sanitized[i]-'0')
		}
		if sanitized[9] == 'X' {
			checksum += 10 * 10
		} else {
			checksum += 10 * int32(sanitized[9]-'0')
		}
		if checksum%11 == 0 {
			return true
		}
		return false
	} else if version == 13 {
		if !rxISBN13.MatchString(string(sanitized)) {
			return false
		}
		factor := []int32{1, 3}
		for i = 0; i < 12; i++ {
			checksum += factor[i%2] * int32(sanitized[i]-'0')
		}
		if (int32(sanitized[12]-'0'))-((10-(checksum%10))%10) == 0 {
			return true
		}
		return false
	}
	return IsISBN(str, 10) || IsISBN(str, 13)
}

// IsJSON check if the string is valid JSON (note: uses json.Unmarshal).
func IsJSON(str string) bool {
	var js json.RawMessage
	return json.Unmarshal([]byte(str), &js) == nil
}

// IsMultibyte check if the string contains one or more multibyte chars. Empty string is valid.
func IsMultibyte(str string) bool {
	if IsNull(str) {
		return true
	}
	return rxMultibyte.MatchString(str)
}

// IsASCII check if the string contains ASCII chars only. Empty string is valid.
func IsASCII(str string) bool {
	if IsNull(str) {
		return true
	}
	return rxASCII.MatchString(str)
}

// IsPrintableASCII check if the string contains printable ASCII chars only. Empty string is valid.
func IsPrintableASCII(str string) bool {
	if IsNull(str) {
		return true
	}
	return rxPrintableASCII.MatchString(str)
}

// IsFullWidth check if the string contains any full-width chars. Empty string is valid.
func IsFullWidth(str string) bool {
	if IsNull(str) {
		return true
	}
	return rxFullWidth.MatchString(str)
}

// IsHalfWidth check if the string contains any half-width chars. Empty string is valid.
func IsHalfWidth(str string) bool {
	if IsNull(str) {
		return true
	}
	return rxHalfWidth.MatchString(str)
}

// IsVariableWidth check if the string contains a mixture of full and half-width chars. Empty string is valid.
func IsVariableWidth(str string) bool {
	if IsNull(str) {
		return true
	}
	return rxHalfWidth.MatchString(str) && rxFullWidth.MatchString(str)
}

// IsBase64 check if a string is base64 encoded.
func IsBase64(str string) bool {
	return rxBase64.MatchString(str)
}

// IsFilePath check is a string is Win or Unix file path and returns it's type.
func IsFilePath(str string) (bool, int) {
	if rxWinPath.MatchString(str) {
		//check windows path limit see:
		//  http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa365247(VS.85).aspx#maxpath
		if len(str[3:]) > 32767 {
			return false, Win
		}
		return true, Win
	} else if rxUnixPath.MatchString(str) {
		return true, Unix
	}
	return false, Unknown
}

// IsDataURI checks if a string is base64 encoded data URI such as an image
func IsDataURI(str string) bool {
	dataURI := strings.Split(str, ",")
	if !rxDataURI.MatchString(dataURI[0]) {
		return false
	}
	return IsBase64(dataURI[1])
}

// IsISO3166Alpha2 checks if a string is valid two-letter country code
func IsISO3166Alpha2(str string) bool {
	for _, entry := range ISO3166List {
		if str == entry.Alpha2Code {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// IsISO3166Alpha3 checks if a string is valid three-letter country code
func IsISO3166Alpha3(str string) bool {
	for _, entry := range ISO3166List {
		if str == entry.Alpha3Code {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// IsDNSName will validate the given string as a DNS name
func IsDNSName(str string) bool {
	if str == "" || len(strings.Replace(str,".","",-1)) > 255 {
		// constraints already violated
		return false
	}
	return rxDNSName.MatchString(str)
}

// IsDialString validates the given string for usage with the various Dial() functions
func IsDialString(str string) bool {

	if h, p, err := net.SplitHostPort(str); err == nil && h != "" && p != "" && (IsDNSName(h) || IsIP(h)) && IsPort(p) {
		return true
	}

	return false
}

// IsIP checks if a string is either IP version 4 or 6.
func IsIP(str string) bool {
	return net.ParseIP(str) != nil
}

// IsPort checks if a string represents a valid port
func IsPort(str string) bool {
	if i, err := strconv.Atoi(str); err == nil && i > 0 && i < 65536 {
		return true
	}
	return false
}

// IsIPv4 check if the string is an IP version 4.
func IsIPv4(str string) bool {
	ip := net.ParseIP(str)
	return ip != nil && strings.Contains(str, ".")
}

// IsIPv6 check if the string is an IP version 6.
func IsIPv6(str string) bool {
	ip := net.ParseIP(str)
	return ip != nil && strings.Contains(str, ":")
}

// IsMAC check if a string is valid MAC address.
// Possible MAC formats:
// 01:23:45:67:89:ab
// 01:23:45:67:89:ab:cd:ef
// 01-23-45-67-89-ab
// 01-23-45-67-89-ab-cd-ef
// 0123.4567.89ab
// 0123.4567.89ab.cdef
func IsMAC(str string) bool {
	_, err := net.ParseMAC(str)
	return err == nil
}

// IsMongoID check if the string is a valid hex-encoded representation of a MongoDB ObjectId.
func IsMongoID(str string) bool {
	return rxHexadecimal.MatchString(str) && (len(str) == 24)
}

// IsLatitude check if a string is valid latitude.
func IsLatitude(str string) bool {
	return rxLatitude.MatchString(str)
}

// IsLongitude check if a string is valid longitude.
func IsLongitude(str string) bool {
	return rxLongitude.MatchString(str)
}

// ValidateStruct use tags for fields
func ValidateStruct(s interface{}) (bool, error) {
	if s == nil {
		return true, nil
	}
	result := true
	var err error
	val := reflect.ValueOf(s)
	if val.Kind() == reflect.Interface || val.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
		val = val.Elem()
	}
	// we only accept structs
	if val.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("function only accepts structs; got %s", val.Kind())
	}
	var errs Errors
	for i := 0; i < val.NumField(); i++ {
		valueField := val.Field(i)
		typeField := val.Type().Field(i)
		if typeField.PkgPath != "" {
			continue // Private field
		}
		resultField, err := typeCheck(valueField, typeField)
		if err != nil {
			errs = append(errs, err)
		}
		result = result && resultField
	}
	if len(errs) > 0 {
		err = errs
	}
	return result, err
}

// parseTag splits a struct field's tag into its
// comma-separated options.
func parseTag(tag string) tagOptions {
	split := strings.SplitN(tag, ",", -1)
	return tagOptions(split)
}

func isValidTag(s string) bool {
	if s == "" {
		return false
	}
	for _, c := range s {
		switch {
		case strings.ContainsRune("!#$%&()*+-./:<=>?@[]^_{|}~ ", c):
			// Backslash and quote chars are reserved, but
			// otherwise any punctuation chars are allowed
			// in a tag name.
		default:
			if !unicode.IsLetter(c) && !unicode.IsDigit(c) {
				return false
			}
		}
	}
	return true
}

// IsSSN will validate the given string as a U.S. Social Security Number
func IsSSN(str string) bool {
	if str == "" || len(str) != 11 {
		return false
	}
	return rxSSN.MatchString(str)
}

// IsSemver check if string is valid semantic version
func IsSemver(str string) bool {
	return rxSemver.MatchString(str)
}

// ByteLength check string's length
func ByteLength(str string, params ...string) bool {
	if len(params) == 2 {
		min, _ := ToInt(params[0])
		max, _ := ToInt(params[1])
		return len(str) >= int(min) && len(str) <= int(max)
	}

	return false
}

// StringMatches checks if a string matches a given pattern.
func StringMatches(s string, params ...string) bool {
	if len(params) == 1 {
		pattern := params[0]
		return Matches(s, pattern)
	}
	return false
}

// StringLength check string's length (including multi byte strings)
func StringLength(str string, params ...string) bool {

	if len(params) == 2 {
		strLength := utf8.RuneCountInString(str)
		min, _ := ToInt(params[0])
		max, _ := ToInt(params[1])
		return strLength >= int(min) && strLength <= int(max)
	}

	return false
}

// Contains returns whether checks that a comma-separated list of options
// contains a particular substr flag. substr must be surrounded by a
// string boundary or commas.
func (opts tagOptions) contains(optionName string) bool {
	for i := range opts {
		tagOpt := opts[i]
		if tagOpt == optionName {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

func checkRequired(v reflect.Value, t reflect.StructField, options tagOptions) (bool, error) {
	if options.contains("required") {
		err := fmt.Errorf("non zero value required")
		return false, Error{t.Name, err}
	} else if fieldsRequiredByDefault && !options.contains("optional") {
		err := fmt.Errorf("All fields are required to at least have one validation defined")
		return false, Error{t.Name, err}
	}
	// not required and empty is valid
	return true, nil
}

func typeCheck(v reflect.Value, t reflect.StructField) (bool, error) {
	if !v.IsValid() {
		return false, nil
	}

	tag := t.Tag.Get(tagName)

	// Check if the field should be ignored
	switch tag {
	case "":
		if !fieldsRequiredByDefault {
			return true, nil
		}
		err := fmt.Errorf("All fields are required to at least have one validation defined")
		return false, Error{t.Name, err}
	case "-":
		return true, nil
	}

	options := parseTag(tag)
	for i := range options {
		tagOpt := options[i]
		if ok := isValidTag(tagOpt); !ok {
			continue
		}
		if validatefunc, ok := CustomTypeTagMap[tagOpt]; ok {
			options = append(options[:i], options[i+1:]...) // we found our custom validator, so remove it from the options
			if result := validatefunc(v.Interface()); !result {
				return false, Error{t.Name, fmt.Errorf("%s does not validate as %s", fmt.Sprint(v), tagOpt)}
			}
			return true, nil
		}
	}

	if isEmptyValue(v) {
		// an empty value is not validated, check only required
		return checkRequired(v, t, options)
	}

	switch v.Kind() {
	case reflect.Bool,
		reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64,
		reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr,
		reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64,
		reflect.String:
		// for each tag option check the map of validator functions
		for i := range options {
			tagOpt := options[i]
			negate := false
			// Check wether the tag looks like '!something' or 'something'
			if len(tagOpt) > 0 && tagOpt[0] == '!' {
				tagOpt = string(tagOpt[1:])
				negate = true
			}
			if ok := isValidTag(tagOpt); !ok {
				err := fmt.Errorf("Unknown Validator %s", tagOpt)
				return false, Error{t.Name, err}
			}

			// Check for param validators
			for key, value := range ParamTagRegexMap {
				ps := value.FindStringSubmatch(tagOpt)
				if len(ps) > 0 {
					if validatefunc, ok := ParamTagMap[key]; ok {
						switch v.Kind() {
						case reflect.String:
							field := fmt.Sprint(v) // make value into string, then validate with regex
							if result := validatefunc(field, ps[1:]...); !result && !negate || result && negate {
								var err error
								if !negate {
									err = fmt.Errorf("%s does not validate as %s", field, tagOpt)
								} else {
									err = fmt.Errorf("%s does validate as %s", field, tagOpt)
								}
								return false, Error{t.Name, err}
							}
						default:
							//Not Yet Supported Types (Fail here!)
							err := fmt.Errorf("Validator %s doesn't support kind %s", tagOpt, v.Kind())
							return false, Error{t.Name, err}
						}
					}
				}
			}

			if validatefunc, ok := TagMap[tagOpt]; ok {
				switch v.Kind() {
				case reflect.String:
					field := fmt.Sprint(v) // make value into string, then validate with regex
					if result := validatefunc(field); !result && !negate || result && negate {
						var err error
						if !negate {
							err = fmt.Errorf("%s does not validate as %s", field, tagOpt)
						} else {
							err = fmt.Errorf("%s does validate as %s", field, tagOpt)
						}
						return false, Error{t.Name, err}
					}
				default:
					//Not Yet Supported Types (Fail here!)
					err := fmt.Errorf("Validator %s doesn't support kind %s for value %v", tagOpt, v.Kind(), v)
					return false, Error{t.Name, err}
				}
			}
		}
		return true, nil
	case reflect.Map:
		if v.Type().Key().Kind() != reflect.String {
			return false, &UnsupportedTypeError{v.Type()}
		}
		var sv stringValues
		sv = v.MapKeys()
		sort.Sort(sv)
		result := true
		for _, k := range sv {
			resultItem, err := ValidateStruct(v.MapIndex(k).Interface())
			if err != nil {
				return false, err
			}
			result = result && resultItem
		}
		return result, nil
	case reflect.Slice:
		result := true
		for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
			var resultItem bool
			var err error
			if v.Index(i).Kind() != reflect.Struct {
				resultItem, err = typeCheck(v.Index(i), t)
				if err != nil {
					return false, err
				}
			} else {
				resultItem, err = ValidateStruct(v.Index(i).Interface())
				if err != nil {
					return false, err
				}
			}
			result = result && resultItem
		}
		return result, nil
	case reflect.Array:
		result := true
		for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
			var resultItem bool
			var err error
			if v.Index(i).Kind() != reflect.Struct {
				resultItem, err = typeCheck(v.Index(i), t)
				if err != nil {
					return false, err
				}
			} else {
				resultItem, err = ValidateStruct(v.Index(i).Interface())
				if err != nil {
					return false, err
				}
			}
			result = result && resultItem
		}
		return result, nil
	case reflect.Interface:
		// If the value is an interface then encode its element
		if v.IsNil() {
			return true, nil
		}
		return ValidateStruct(v.Interface())
	case reflect.Ptr:
		// If the value is a pointer then check its element
		if v.IsNil() {
			return true, nil
		}
		return typeCheck(v.Elem(), t)
	case reflect.Struct:
		return ValidateStruct(v.Interface())
	default:
		return false, &UnsupportedTypeError{v.Type()}
	}
}

func isEmptyValue(v reflect.Value) bool {
	switch v.Kind() {
	case reflect.String, reflect.Array:
		return v.Len() == 0
	case reflect.Map, reflect.Slice:
		return v.Len() == 0 || v.IsNil()
	case reflect.Bool:
		return !v.Bool()
	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
		return v.Int() == 0
	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
		return v.Uint() == 0
	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
		return v.Float() == 0
	case reflect.Interface, reflect.Ptr:
		return v.IsNil()
	}

	return reflect.DeepEqual(v.Interface(), reflect.Zero(v.Type()).Interface())
}

// ErrorByField returns error for specified field of the struct
// validated by ValidateStruct or empty string if there are no errors
// or this field doesn't exists or doesn't have any errors.
func ErrorByField(e error, field string) string {
	if e == nil {
		return ""
	}
	return ErrorsByField(e)[field]
}

// ErrorsByField returns map of errors of the struct validated
// by ValidateStruct or empty map if there are no errors.
func ErrorsByField(e error) map[string]string {
	m := make(map[string]string)
	if e == nil {
		return m
	}
	// prototype for ValidateStruct

	switch e.(type) {
	case Error:
		m[e.(Error).Name] = e.(Error).Err.Error()
	case Errors:
		for _, item := range e.(Errors).Errors() {
			m[item.(Error).Name] = item.(Error).Err.Error()
		}
	}

	return m
}

// Error returns string equivalent for reflect.Type
func (e *UnsupportedTypeError) Error() string {
	return "validator: unsupported type: " + e.Type.String()
}

func (sv stringValues) Len() int           { return len(sv) }
func (sv stringValues) Swap(i, j int)      { sv[i], sv[j] = sv[j], sv[i] }
func (sv stringValues) Less(i, j int) bool { return sv.get(i) < sv.get(j) }
func (sv stringValues) get(i int) string   { return sv[i].String() }