Add google recaptcha to website

google-recaptcha.md

Opinionated code Laravel code for adding recaptcha on website. Bot protection especially on open form (without user authentication)

1. Create blade component for ease of reuse

resources/views/components/input/captcha.blade.php

@props([
    'id',
    'name',
    'action'
])

{{--
<x-input.captcha
    name="captcha"
    id="captcha_user"
    action="user_create"
/>
--}}

<script>
    (function () {
        const id = @json($id);
        const captchaKey = @json(config('services.google.captcha.public_key'));
        const action = @json($action);
        const onLoaded = () => {
            console.log('recaptcha on loaded')
            if (!window.grecaptcha) {
                console.error('Google catcha not loaded. Aborting...')
                return;
            }
            grecaptcha.ready(function() {
                console.log('grecaptcha ready')
                grecaptcha.execute(captchaKey, { action }).then(function(token) {
                    const captchaInput = document.querySelector('#' + id) || {}
                    captchaInput.value = token
                    console.log({token})
                });
            });
        };
        const resource = 'https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=' + captchaKey;
        const container = document.head;
        let script = container.querySelector(`script[data-captcha=google]`);
        if (script) {
            onLoaded()
            return;
        }
        script = document.createElement('script')
        script.src = resource
        script.setAttribute('data-captcha', 'google')
        script.addEventListener('load', onLoaded)
        container.appendChild(script)
        if (document.readyState === 'complete') {
            onLoaded()
        } else {
            document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', onLoaded)
        }
    })()
</script>
<input type="hidden" id="{{ $id }}" name="{{ $name }}">

2. Add to form markup

<form action="{{ route('user.store') }}" class="form" method="post">
      @csrf
      ...

      <x-input.captcha
          name="captcha"
          id="captcha_user"
          action="user_create"
      />

</form>

3. Add form request

// ContactRequest.php

    public function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            // ... your other fields
            'captcha_user' => [
                'required',
            ]
        ];
    }

    public function messages(): array
    {
        return [
            'captcha_user' => __('validation.captcha')
        ];
    }

    public function validateCaptcha(): bool
    {
        return app(CaptchaClient::class)->verify(
            $this->input('captcha'),
            $this->input('captcha_action')
        );
    }

4. Add google recaptcha client

// CaptchaClient
<?php

namespace Neptune\Services;

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;
use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;

class CaptchaClient
{
    private string $secret;

    /**
     * CaptchaService constructor.
     * @param $secret
     */
    public function __construct($secret)
    {
        $this->secret = $secret;
    }

    public function verify($action, $input)
    {
        $response = Http::asForm()->post('https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api/siteverify', [
            'secret' => $this->secret,
            'response' => $input,
        ])
            ->json();
        $isSuccess = $response['success'];


        if (! $response['success']) {
            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
                'captcha' => __('validation.captcha', ['reason' => $response['error-codes'][0]]),
            ]);
        }

        if ($response['action'] != $action) {
            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
                'captcha' => __('validation.captcha', ['reason' => 'action mismatch']),
            ]);
        }
        if ($response['score'] < .8) {
            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
                'captcha' => __('validation.captcha', ['reason' => 'score did not pass minimum mark']),
            ]);
        }
    }
}

5. Add handler code in controller

// Controller

public function store (ContactRequest $request) {
        $request->validateCaptcha();
        // further logic
}

All good now your form should resist bots a bit better