854941f58ddf202ef0d90334ca94f65309db211
MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
# load specific toolchain settings
toolchain :gcc
conf.gem :github => 'mattn/mruby-uv'
conf.gem :github => 'mattn/mruby-http'
conf.gem :github => 'bamchoh/mruby-simplehttp'
# include the default GEMs
conf.gembox 'default'
end$ ./bin/mruby -e 'SimpleHttp.new("192.168.0.8", "80")'
*** glibc detected *** ./bin/mruby: double free or corruption (out): 0x00007f584c001710 ***
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x7eb96)[0x7f58543f1b96]
./bin/mruby[0x40580b]
./bin/mruby[0x406602]
./bin/mruby[0x41790f]
./bin/mruby[0x404a28]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xed)[0x7f585439476d]
./bin/mruby[0x404ec5]
======= Memory map: ========
00400000-004b8000 r-xp 00000000 fd:01 550627 /root/git/bam-mrubitter/mruby5/bin/mruby
006b7000-006b8000 r--p 000b7000 fd:01 550627 /root/git/bam-mrubitter/mruby5/bin/mruby
006b8000-006b9000 rw-p 000b8000 fd:01 550627 /root/git/bam-mrubitter/mruby5/bin/mruby
006b9000-006bc000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
008af000-00914000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
7f584c000000-7f584c021000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f584c021000-7f5850000000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
7f5851d2f000-7f5851d44000 r-xp 00000000 fd:01 262191 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f5851d44000-7f5851f43000 ---p 00015000 fd:01 262191 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f5851f43000-7f5851f44000 r--p 00014000 fd:01 262191 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f5851f44000-7f5851f45000 rw-p 00015000 fd:01 262191 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f5851f45000-7f5851f51000 r-xp 00000000 fd:01 283083 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files-2.15.so
7f5851f51000-7f5852150000 ---p 0000c000 fd:01 283083 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files-2.15.so
7f5852150000-7f5852151000 r--p 0000b000 fd:01 283083 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files-2.15.so
7f5852151000-7f5852152000 rw-p 0000c000 fd:01 283083 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files-2.15.so
7f5852152000-7f5852153000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
7f5852153000-7f5852953000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f5852953000-7f5852954000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
7f5852954000-7f5853154000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f5853154000-7f5853155000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
7f5853155000-7f5853955000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f5853955000-7f5853956000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
7f5853956000-7f5854156000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f5854156000-7f585416e000 r-xp 00000000 fd:01 283075 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.15.so
7f585416e000-7f585436d000 ---p 00018000 fd:01 283075 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.15.so
7f585436d000-7f585436e000 r--p 00017000 fd:01 283075 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.15.so
7f585436e000-7f585436f000 rw-p 00018000 fd:01 283075 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.15.so
7f585436f000-7f5854373000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f5854373000-7f5854528000 r-xp 00000000 fd:01 283073 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so
7f5854528000-7f5854727000 ---p 001b5000 fd:01 283073 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so
7f5854727000-7f585472b000 r--p 001b4000 fd:01 283073 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so
7f585472b000-7f585472d000 rw-p 001b8000 fd:01 283073 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so
7f585472d000-7f5854732000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f5854732000-7f5854739000 r-xp 00000000 fd:01 283077 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt-2.15.so
7f5854739000-7f5854938000 ---p 00007000 fd:01 283077 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt-2.15.so
7f5854938000-7f5854939000 r--p 00006000 fd:01 283077 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt-2.15.so
7f5854939000-7f585493a000 rw-p 00007000 fd:01 283077 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt-2.15.so
7f585493a000-7f5854a35000 r-xp 00000000 fd:01 283081 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.15.so
7f5854a35000-7f5854c34000 ---p 000fb000 fd:01 283081 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.15.so
7f5854c34000-7f5854c35000 r--p 000fa000 fd:01 283081 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.15.so
7f5854c35000-7f5854c36000 rw-p 000fb000 fd:01 283081 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.15.so
7f5854c36000-7f5854c58000 r-xp 00000000 fd:01 283087 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so
7f5854e45000-7f5854e49000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f5854e55000-7f5854e58000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f5854e58000-7f5854e59000 r--p 00022000 fd:01 283087 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so
7f5854e59000-7f5854e5b000 rw-p 00023000 fd:01 283087 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so
7fffb3730000-7fffb3751000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack]
7fffb377b000-7fffb377c000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall]
Aborted (core dumped)
==11637== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==11637== Copyright (C) 2002-2011, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==11637== Using Valgrind-3.7.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==11637== Command: ./bin/mruby -e SimpleHttp.new("192.168.0.8",\ "80")
==11637==
--11637-- Valgrind options:
--11637-- --suppressions=/usr/lib/valgrind/debian-libc6-dbg.supp
--11637-- -v
--11637-- --error-limit=no
--11637-- --leak-check=yes
--11637-- --show-reachable=no
--11637-- Contents of /proc/version:
--11637-- Linux version 3.2.0-29-generic (buildd@allspice) (gcc version 4.6.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) ) #46-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 27 17:03:23 UTC 2012
--11637-- Arch and hwcaps: AMD64, amd64-sse3-cx16
--11637-- Page sizes: currently 4096, max supported 4096
--11637-- Valgrind library directory: /usr/lib/valgrind
--11637-- Reading syms from /root/git/bam-mrubitter/mruby5/bin/mruby (0x400000)
--11637-- Reading syms from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so (0x4000000)
--11637-- Considering /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so ..
--11637-- .. CRC mismatch (computed 269450ce wanted 94894502)
--11637-- Considering /usr/lib/debug/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so ..
--11637-- .. CRC is valid
--11637-- Reading syms from /usr/lib/valgrind/memcheck-amd64-linux (0x38000000)
--11637-- Considering /usr/lib/valgrind/memcheck-amd64-linux ..
--11637-- .. CRC mismatch (computed fd32bc40 wanted 1b1bde8c)
--11637-- object doesn't have a symbol table
--11637-- object doesn't have a dynamic symbol table
--11637-- Reading suppressions file: /usr/lib/valgrind/debian-libc6-dbg.supp
--11637-- Reading suppressions file: /usr/lib/valgrind/default.supp
==11637== embedded gdbserver: reading from /tmp/vgdb-pipe-from-vgdb-to-11637-by-root-on-???
==11637== embedded gdbserver: writing to /tmp/vgdb-pipe-to-vgdb-from-11637-by-root-on-???
==11637== embedded gdbserver: shared mem /tmp/vgdb-pipe-shared-mem-vgdb-11637-by-root-on-???
==11637==
==11637== TO CONTROL THIS PROCESS USING vgdb (which you probably
==11637== don't want to do, unless you know exactly what you're doing,
==11637== or are doing some strange experiment):
==11637== /usr/lib/valgrind/../../bin/vgdb --pid=11637 ...command...
==11637==
==11637== TO DEBUG THIS PROCESS USING GDB: start GDB like this
==11637== /path/to/gdb ./bin/mruby
==11637== and then give GDB the following command
==11637== target remote | /usr/lib/valgrind/../../bin/vgdb --pid=11637
==11637== --pid is optional if only one valgrind process is running
==11637==
--11637-- REDIR: 0x40189e0 (strlen) redirected to 0x380625c7 (???)
--11637-- Reading syms from /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_core-amd64-linux.so (0x4a25000)
--11637-- Considering /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_core-amd64-linux.so ..
--11637-- .. CRC mismatch (computed 8f05ac98 wanted c6d0ab1a)
--11637-- object doesn't have a symbol table
--11637-- Reading syms from /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so (0x4c27000)
--11637-- Considering /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so ..
--11637-- .. CRC mismatch (computed fc059af4 wanted ffc668e8)
--11637-- object doesn't have a symbol table
--11637-- REDIR: 0x4018850 (index) redirected to 0x4c2bc60 (index)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x40188d0 (strcmp) redirected to 0x4c2cc20 (strcmp)
--11637-- Reading syms from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.15.so (0x4e32000)
--11637-- Considering /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.15.so ..
--11637-- .. CRC mismatch (computed e81d4037 wanted fad28d48)
--11637-- Considering /usr/lib/debug/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.15.so ..
--11637-- .. CRC is valid
--11637-- Reading syms from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt-2.15.so (0x512e000)
--11637-- Considering /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt-2.15.so ..
--11637-- .. CRC mismatch (computed aca1815f wanted f26cc34e)
--11637-- Considering /usr/lib/debug/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt-2.15.so ..
--11637-- .. CRC is valid
--11637-- Reading syms from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so (0x5336000)
--11637-- Considering /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so ..
--11637-- .. CRC mismatch (computed d1cc6f49 wanted 7994f9f0)
--11637-- Considering /usr/lib/debug/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so ..
--11637-- .. CRC is valid
--11637-- Reading syms from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.15.so (0x56f5000)
--11637-- Considering /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.15.so ..
--11637-- .. CRC mismatch (computed 8e430e5b wanted e619a829)
--11637-- Considering /usr/lib/debug/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.15.so ..
--11637-- .. CRC is valid
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53c2e40 (strcasecmp) redirected to 0x4a25610 (_vgnU_ifunc_wrapper)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53bf1e0 (strnlen) redirected to 0x4a25610 (_vgnU_ifunc_wrapper)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53c5110 (strncasecmp) redirected to 0x4a25610 (_vgnU_ifunc_wrapper)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53c0bd0 (__GI_strrchr) redirected to 0x4c2ba80 (__GI_strrchr)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53b9660 (realloc) redirected to 0x4c2b730 (realloc)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53c1c20 (memset) redirected to 0x4a25610 (_vgnU_ifunc_wrapper)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53c1c60 (__GI_memset) redirected to 0x4c2e080 (memset)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53c77f0 (memcpy@@GLIBC_2.14) redirected to 0x4a25610 (_vgnU_ifunc_wrapper)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x547dfa0 (__memcpy_ssse3_back) redirected to 0x4c2cf30 (memcpy@@GLIBC_2.14)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53c1600 (bcmp) redirected to 0x4a25610 (_vgnU_ifunc_wrapper)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x5493510 (__memcmp_sse4_1) redirected to 0x4c2dca0 (bcmp)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53bf0b0 (strlen) redirected to 0x4a25610 (_vgnU_ifunc_wrapper)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x5498be0 (__strlen_sse2_pminub) redirected to 0x4c2bfa0 (strlen)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53b9560 (free) redirected to 0x4c2a7c0 (free)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53bea50 (strcpy) redirected to 0x4a25610 (_vgnU_ifunc_wrapper)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53ccb70 (__strcpy_sse2_unaligned) redirected to 0x4c2bfe0 (strcpy)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53b8f50 (malloc) redirected to 0x4c2b660 (malloc)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53bf100 (__GI_strlen) redirected to 0x4c2bfc0 (__GI_strlen)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53ba2c0 (calloc) redirected to 0x4c29cf0 (calloc)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53c12b0 (memchr) redirected to 0x4c2cce0 (memchr)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53c8d10 (strchrnul) redirected to 0x4c2e3b0 (strchrnul)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53bd600 (__GI_strcmp) redirected to 0x4c2cbc0 (__GI_strcmp)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53c2ce0 (__GI_stpcpy) redirected to 0x4c2de10 (__GI_stpcpy)
--11637-- Reading syms from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files-2.15.so (0x7d16000)
--11637-- Considering /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files-2.15.so ..
--11637-- .. CRC mismatch (computed 93b6e136 wanted 0e7fce87)
--11637-- Considering /usr/lib/debug/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files-2.15.so ..
--11637-- .. CRC is valid
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53bea90 (__GI_strcpy) redirected to 0x4c2c0b0 (__GI_strcpy)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53c8ac0 (rawmemchr) redirected to 0x4a25610 (_vgnU_ifunc_wrapper)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53c8b00 (__GI___rawmemchr) redirected to 0x4c2e400 (__GI___rawmemchr)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x53bd5c0 (strcmp) redirected to 0x4a25610 (_vgnU_ifunc_wrapper)
--11637-- REDIR: 0x5467e20 (__strcmp_sse42) redirected to 0x4c2cb60 (strcmp)
==11637== Invalid free() / delete / delete[] / realloc()
==11637== at 0x4C2A82E: free (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==11637== by 0x40580A: obj_free (gc.c:597)
==11637== by 0x406601: mrb_free_heap (gc.c:321)
==11637== by 0x41790E: mrb_close (state.c:140)
==11637== by 0x404A27: main (mruby.c:240)
==11637== Address 0x598de00 is 48 bytes inside a block of size 64 alloc'd
==11637== at 0x4C2B6CD: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==11637== by 0x5401263: gaih_inet (getaddrinfo.c:1248)
==11637== by 0x540499D: getaddrinfo (getaddrinfo.c:2423)
==11637== by 0x46EC26: uv__getaddrinfo_work (getaddrinfo.c:33)
==11637== by 0x477B1C: worker (threadpool.c:74)
==11637== by 0x47CE36: uv__thread_start (uv-common.c:322)
==11637== by 0x56FCE99: start_thread (pthread_create.c:308)
==11637==
==11637== Invalid read of size 8
==11637== at 0x5405353: freeaddrinfo (getaddrinfo.c:2657)
==11637== by 0x46F10B: uv_freeaddrinfo (getaddrinfo.c:165)
==11637== by 0x45333C: uv_addrinfo_free (mrb_uv.c:1147)
==11637== by 0x40580A: obj_free (gc.c:597)
==11637== by 0x406601: mrb_free_heap (gc.c:321)
==11637== by 0x41790E: mrb_close (state.c:140)
==11637== by 0x404A27: main (mruby.c:240)
==11637== Address 0x600000021 is not stack'd, malloc'd or (recently) free'd
==11637==
==11637==
==11637== Process terminating with default action of signal 11 (SIGSEGV)
==11637== Access not within mapped region at address 0x600000021
==11637== at 0x5405353: freeaddrinfo (getaddrinfo.c:2657)
==11637== by 0x46F10B: uv_freeaddrinfo (getaddrinfo.c:165)
==11637== by 0x45333C: uv_addrinfo_free (mrb_uv.c:1147)
==11637== by 0x40580A: obj_free (gc.c:597)
==11637== by 0x406601: mrb_free_heap (gc.c:321)
==11637== by 0x41790E: mrb_close (state.c:140)
==11637== by 0x404A27: main (mruby.c:240)
==11637== If you believe this happened as a result of a stack
==11637== overflow in your program's main thread (unlikely but
==11637== possible), you can try to increase the size of the
==11637== main thread stack using the --main-stacksize= flag.
==11637== The main thread stack size used in this run was 8388608.
--11637-- Discarding syms at 0x7d18140-0x7d1fa08 in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files-2.15.so due to munmap()
==11637==
==11637== HEAP SUMMARY:
==11637== in use at exit: 121,359 bytes in 965 blocks
==11637== total heap usage: 2,557 allocs, 1,593 frees, 332,320 bytes allocated
==11637==
==11637== Searching for pointers to 965 not-freed blocks
==11637== Checked 33,813,832 bytes
==11637==
==11637== 32 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 298 of 774
==11637== at 0x4C2B6CD: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==11637== by 0x454202: mrb_uv_getaddrinfo (mrb_uv.c:1190)
==11637== by 0x42113C: mrb_run (vm.c:920)
==11637== by 0x42575F: mrb_funcall_with_block (vm.c:394)
==11637== by 0x40DB9F: mrb_instance_new (class.c:1054)
==11637== by 0x42113C: mrb_run (vm.c:920)
==11637== by 0x42DA1F: load_exec (parse.y:5245)
==11637== by 0x43B137: mrb_load_string_cxt (parse.y:5267)
==11637== by 0x404E17: main (mruby.c:226)
==11637==
==11637== 128 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 674 of 774
==11637== at 0x4C2B6CD: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==11637== by 0x454257: mrb_uv_getaddrinfo (mrb_uv.c:1202)
==11637== by 0x42113C: mrb_run (vm.c:920)
==11637== by 0x42575F: mrb_funcall_with_block (vm.c:394)
==11637== by 0x40DB9F: mrb_instance_new (class.c:1054)
==11637== by 0x42113C: mrb_run (vm.c:920)
==11637== by 0x42DA1F: load_exec (parse.y:5245)
==11637== by 0x43B137: mrb_load_string_cxt (parse.y:5267)
==11637== by 0x404E17: main (mruby.c:226)
==11637==
==11637== 1,088 bytes in 4 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 769 of 774
==11637== at 0x4C29DB4: calloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==11637== by 0x4012074: _dl_allocate_tls (dl-tls.c:297)
==11637== by 0x56FDABC: pthread_create@@GLIBC_2.2.5 (allocatestack.c:571)
==11637== by 0x47CEA1: uv_thread_create (uv-common.c:344)
==11637== by 0x477D47: init_once (threadpool.c:125)
==11637== by 0x57023FF: pthread_once (pthread_once.S:104)
==11637== by 0x4775F3: uv_once (thread.c:170)
==11637== by 0x477E42: uv__work_submit (threadpool.c:163)
==11637== by 0x46F0E5: uv_getaddrinfo (getaddrinfo.c:154)
==11637== by 0x45429F: mrb_uv_getaddrinfo (mrb_uv.c:1208)
==11637== by 0x42113C: mrb_run (vm.c:920)
==11637== by 0x42575F: mrb_funcall_with_block (vm.c:394)
==11637==
==11637== LEAK SUMMARY:
==11637== definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==11637== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==11637== possibly lost: 1,248 bytes in 6 blocks
==11637== still reachable: 120,111 bytes in 959 blocks
==11637== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==11637== Reachable blocks (those to which a pointer was found) are not shown.
==11637== To see them, rerun with: --leak-check=full --show-reachable=yes
==11637==
==11637== ERROR SUMMARY: 5 errors from 5 contexts (suppressed: 2 from 2)
==11637==
==11637== 1 errors in context 1 of 5:
==11637== Invalid read of size 8
==11637== at 0x5405353: freeaddrinfo (getaddrinfo.c:2657)
==11637== by 0x46F10B: uv_freeaddrinfo (getaddrinfo.c:165)
==11637== by 0x45333C: uv_addrinfo_free (mrb_uv.c:1147)
==11637== by 0x40580A: obj_free (gc.c:597)
==11637== by 0x406601: mrb_free_heap (gc.c:321)
==11637== by 0x41790E: mrb_close (state.c:140)
==11637== by 0x404A27: main (mruby.c:240)
==11637== Address 0x600000021 is not stack'd, malloc'd or (recently) free'd
==11637==
==11637==
==11637== 1 errors in context 2 of 5:
==11637== Invalid free() / delete / delete[] / realloc()
==11637== at 0x4C2A82E: free (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==11637== by 0x40580A: obj_free (gc.c:597)
==11637== by 0x406601: mrb_free_heap (gc.c:321)
==11637== by 0x41790E: mrb_close (state.c:140)
==11637== by 0x404A27: main (mruby.c:240)
==11637== Address 0x598de00 is 48 bytes inside a block of size 64 alloc'd
==11637== at 0x4C2B6CD: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==11637== by 0x5401263: gaih_inet (getaddrinfo.c:1248)
==11637== by 0x540499D: getaddrinfo (getaddrinfo.c:2423)
==11637== by 0x46EC26: uv__getaddrinfo_work (getaddrinfo.c:33)
==11637== by 0x477B1C: worker (threadpool.c:74)
==11637== by 0x47CE36: uv__thread_start (uv-common.c:322)
==11637== by 0x56FCE99: start_thread (pthread_create.c:308)
==11637==
--11637--
--11637-- used_suppression: 2 dl-hack3-cond-1
==11637==
==11637== ERROR SUMMARY: 5 errors from 5 contexts (suppressed: 2 from 2)