Bash script to create Debian 12 "bookworm" mmdebstrap container and import into systemd-containerd

mmdebstrap-bw1

#!/bin/bash -e
#
# This script creates an mmdebstrap .tar and imports it into systemd-nspawn
#  where it can be managed by machinectl
# 
# On the host machine you should run:
#    systemctl enable systemd-networkd; systemctl start systemd-networkd
#
# Then start the container:
#     machinectl start bw1
#
# To access the container:
#     machinectl login bw1
#       - or -
#     machinectl shell bw1
#
# Systemd should automatically create virtual ethernet interfaces on the host 
#  and the container and assign IP addresses to them.
#
# The container should automatically resolve via mDNS on the host (with an
#  IPv6 address):
#   e.g.: ping bw1
#
# This config below uses an apt-cacher-ng proxy at 192.168.0.10
# It installs openssh-server, ansible, rsync, and vim on the container
#
# If you want to ssh in to the container as root edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#   on the container and use:
#     PermitRootLogin yes
#
# Dhya dhya@bay.systems Mon, 08 May 2023 23:29:36 -0700
#

user="foo"
pass="bar"
groups="adm,staff,sudo"

sources_list="# For information about how to configure apt package sources,
# see the sources.list(5) manual.

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-proposed-updates main contrib non-free

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free

deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free"

apt_proxy='Acquire::http::Proxy::deb.debian.org \"http://192.168.0.10:3142/\";'

NAME="bw1"

mmdebstrap \
 --aptopt='Acquire::http { Proxy "http://192.168.0.10:3142"; }' \
 --include=dbus-broker,systemd-container,systemd-resolved,openssh-server,ansible,rsync,sudo \
 --customize-hook='chroot "$1" apt -y purge ifupdown nano vim-tiny vim-common' \
 --customize-hook='chroot "$1" systemctl enable systemd-networkd systemd-resolved' \
 --customize-hook='echo '"${NAME}"' > "$1/etc/hostname"' \
 --customize-hook='printf "127.0.0.1\tlocalhost\n127.0.1.1\t'"${NAME}"'\n\n::1\tlocalhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\nff02::1\tip6-allnodes\nff02::2\tip6-allrouters" > "$1/etc/hosts"' \
 --customize-hook='printf "'"${sources_list}"'" > "$1/etc/apt/sources.list"' \
 --customize-hook='printf "'"${apt_proxy}"'" > "$1/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/02proxy"' \
 --customize-hook='chroot "$1" useradd -s /bin/bash -m -G '"${groups}"' '"${user}"'' \
 --customize-hook='echo '"${user}":"${pass}"' | chroot "$1" chpasswd' \
 --customize-hook='sed -E -i "s/^%sudo   ALL=\(ALL:ALL\) ALL/%sudo   ALL=\(ALL:ALL\) NOPASSWD:ALL/" "$1/etc/sudoers"' \
 --customize-hook='chroot "$1" apt -y install vim' \
 --customize-hook='chroot "$1" rm -rf /etc/network' \
 bookworm ${NAME}.tar

printf "\nFinished creating ${NAME} container: ${NAME}.tar\n"
sudo machinectl import-tar ${NAME}.tar ${NAME}
printf "\nFinished importing ${NAME}.tar"
echo It can be started with \'machinectl start $NAME\'