| Command |
Description |
Example |
echo <string> |
Print string to screen |
$ echo hello |
man <command> |
Display manual page for command |
$ man echo |
⌃C |
Get out of trouble |
$ tail^C |
⌃A |
Move to beginning of line |
|
⌃E |
Move to end of line |
|
⌃U |
Delete to beginning of line |
|
Option-click |
Move cursor to location clicked |
|
Up & down arrow |
Scroll through previous commands |
|
clear or ⌃L |
Clear screen |
$ clear |
exit or ⌃D |
Exit terminal |
$ exit |
| Command |
Description |
Example |
> |
Redirect output to filename |
$ echo foo > foo.txt |
>> |
Append output to filename |
$ echo bar >> foo.txt |
cat <file> |
Print contents of file to screen |
$ cat hello.txt |
diff <f1> <f2> |
Diff files 1 & 2 |
$ diff foo.txt bar.txt |
ls |
List directory or file |
$ ls hello.txt |
ls -l |
List long form |
$ ls -l hello.txt |
ls -rtl |
Long by reverse modification time |
$ ls -rtl |
ls -a |
List all (including hidden) |
$ ls -a |
touch <file> |
Create an empty file |
$ touch foo |
mv <old> <new> |
Rename (move) from old to new |
$ mv foo bar |
cp <old> <new> |
Copy old to new |
$ cp foo bar |
rm <file> |
Remove (delete) file |
$ rm foo |
rm -f <file> |
Force-remove file |
$ rm -f bar |
| Command | Description | Example |
| ------- | ----------- | ------- ||
| curl | Interact with URLs | $ curl -O example.com
| which | Locate a program on the path | $ which curl
| head <file> | Display first part of file | $ head foo
| tail <file> | Display last part of file | $ tail bar
| wc <file> | Count lines, words, bytes | $ wc foo
| cmd1 | cmd2 | Pipe cmd1 to cmd2 | $ head foo | wc
| ping <url> | Ping a server URL | $ ping google.com
| less <file> | View file contents interactively | $ less foo
| grep <string> <file> | Find string in file | $ grep foo bar.txt
| grep -i <string> <file> | Find case-insensitively | $ grep -i foo bar.txt
| ps | Show processes | $ ps aux
| top | Show processes (sorted) | $ top
| kill -<level> <pid> | Kill a process | $ kill -15 24601
| pkill -<level> -f <name> | Kill matching processes | $ pkill -15 -f spring
#Directories
| Command |
Description |
Example |
mkdir <name> |
Make directory with name |
$ mkdir foo |
pwd |
Print working directory |
$ pwd |
cd <dir> |
Change to |
$ cd foo/ |
cd ~/<dir> |
cd relative to home |
$ cd ~/foo/ |
cd |
Change to home directory |
$ cd |
cd - |
Change to previous directory |
$ cd && pwd && cd - |
| . |
The current directory |
$ cp ~/foo.txt . |
| .. |
One directory up |
$ cd .. |
find |
Find files & directories |
$ find . -name foo*.* |
cp -r <old> <new> |
Copy recursively |
$ cp -r ~/foo . |
rmdir <dir> |
Remove (empty) dir |
$ rmdir foo/ |
rm -rf <dir> |
Remove dir & contents |
$ rm -rf foo/ |
grep -ri <string> <dir> |
Grep recursively (case-insensitive) |
$ grep -ri foo bar/ |
