I expected a strong biological preference for amount of sleep and for the sleep cycle (how often we need sleep) but didn't expect there to be a strong biological cause for various sleep timings.
I was wrong: there does seem to be a biological cause for sleep timing (and it can change with age). However, most people aren't strong early birds are or night owls (estimates of people with strong preferences range widely, from 15% up to 50%, although most are around 30%), even though people commonly overestimate their preference. For those that aren't, sleep patterns can vary up to 2 hours on either side and people can shift sleep cycles (presumably without ill effect, although I haven't found good information on exact effects). Also, there are many external factors, social and biological that can shift sleep cycles.
Based on my limited research, my findings are:
- There definitely is a biological preference for being early bird or night owl.
- For a minority of people, this preference is ver