attempt_3.rb

class ExampleController < ApplicationController
  before_action :res1, only: [:action_1, :action_2]
  before_action :res2, only: [:action_3, :action_4]
  
  def action_1
    # rest of the logic....
    render json: {data: '...'}, status: 200
  end

  def action_2
    # rest of the logic....
    render json: {data: '...'}, status: 200
  end

  def action_3
    # rest of the logic....
    render json: {data: '...'}, status: 200
  end

  def action_4
    # rest of the logic....
    render json: {data: '...'}, status: 200
  end
  
  private
  
  def res_1
    # perform some operations
    render json: {message: 'Failed'}, status: 400 unless operation1_successful?
  end
  
  def res_2
    # perform some operations
    render json: {message: 'Failed'}, status: 400 unless operation1_successful?
  end
end