Filter out the uncategorized category from an array

remove-uncategorized.php

<?php 

/**
 * Filter out the uncategorized category from an array
 */
function theme_slug_remove_uncategorized( $categories ) {
	return array_filter( $categories, function( $c ) {
			return $c->name != 'Uncategorized';
		} );
}

// Example usage
$terms = get_the_terms( $post->ID, 'category' );
$terms = theme_slug_remove_uncategorized( $terms );