https://procomp.cs.hs-rm.de/subato/Exercise/697/314

snape.py

def make(goal, book, pantry, costs):
    def guess(steps, required_ingredients):
        if all(pantry.count(ingredient) >= required_ingredients.count(ingredient) for ingredient in required_ingredients):
            yield tuple(sorted(required_ingredients)), steps
        for ingredient in set(required_ingredients) & set(book):
            new_required_ingredients = required_ingredients + book[ingredient]
            new_required_ingredients.remove(ingredient)
            yield from guess([ingredient] + steps, new_required_ingredients)
    yield from guess([goal], book[goal])

book = {
    #'polyjuice': ['fluxweed', 'seeds'],
    'liquid_luck': ['tincture', 'tincture', 'powder'],
    'laurel': ['seeds', 'seeds'],
    'powder': ['laurel'],
    'tincture': ['thyme', 'oil'],
}
pantry = ['seeds', 'seeds', 'thyme', 'oil', 'tincture', 'oil', 'thyme']
costs = {'seeds': 3, 'thyme': 10, 'oil': 2, 'tincture': 25}

goal = 'liquid_luck'
print(f'To make {goal}...')
for i, solution in enumerate(dict(make(goal, book, pantry, costs)).items()):
    required_ingredients, steps = solution
    cost = sum(costs[ingredient] for ingredient in required_ingredients)
    print(f'Option {i+1}) Take from the pantry {", ".join(required_ingredients)}, for a total cost of {cost}, then make {", then ".join(steps)}.')

Output:

To make liquid_luck...
Option 1) Take from the pantry oil, seeds, seeds, thyme, tincture, for a total cost of 43, then make laurel, then powder, then tincture, then liquid_luck.
Option 2) Take from the pantry oil, oil, seeds, seeds, thyme, thyme, for a total cost of 30, then make laurel, then powder, then tincture, then tincture, then liquid_luck.