This general centering issue was filed here: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=598805
For dragging 1px width change: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=598818 See the section below, "Resizing, one pixel at a time".
For the missing resize bars: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=598822 See the section below, "Resize bar is not always available".
For the missing rotate button: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=598829 See the section below, "Rotate not always available"
For the missing "hover" behavior: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=600180 See the added comment below.
Has this issue been addressed? It bothers me enough that I googled for it, and landed here (and here), but it's not clear from navigating the sea of linked duplicate issues whether a solution exists or not.
Firefox does have a left-align option in devtools settings, but I can't find it in Chrome.