Class vs. Method Self.Method vs Method Class << Self Method vs Method Extend Self

utility_method_benchmark.rb

require 'benchmark/ips'
# gem install benchmark-ips -v 2.7.2

class TestClass
  def echo(value)
    value
  end
end

module TestModule
  def self.echo(value)
    value
  end
end

module TestModuleSelf
  class << self
    def echo(value)
      value
    end
  end
end

module TestModuleExtendSelf
  extend self
  
  def echo(value)
    value
  end
end

val = :value
Benchmark.ips do |x|
  x.report("klass") { TestClass.new.echo(val) }
  x.report("method") { TestModule.echo(val) }
  x.report("method_self") { TestModuleSelf.echo(val) }
  x.report("extend") { TestModuleExtendSelf.echo(val) }
end

# Warming up --------------------------------------
#                klass   540.240k i/100ms
#               method     1.169M i/100ms
#          method_self     1.254M i/100ms
#               extend     1.196M i/100ms
# Calculating -------------------------------------
#                klass      5.243M (± 5.6%) i/s -     26.472M in   5.067397s
#               method     12.518M (± 2.2%) i/s -     63.110M in   5.044083s
#          method_self     12.516M (± 1.0%) i/s -     62.690M in   5.009332s
#               extend     12.092M (± 4.9%) i/s -     60.987M in   5.060271s