- Conscientiousness
- Neuroticism
- Agreeableness
- Openness to experience
- Extroversion
Explorative behaviour + positive emotion
- Openness - creativity (women)
- Intelligence - Ideas (men)
- Imagination / Fantasy
- high: tend to be involved in a lot of fantasy. See the world as boring/plain and add fantasy to make things more interesting.
- low: oriented towards factual information
- Artistic Interests / Aesthetics
- High: interest in and appreciation for: art,
- Low:
- Emotionality / Feelings
- High: Good access to their feelings, and tend to be more expressive with feelings
- Low:
- Adventurousness / Actions
- High: Try new activities,
- Low: uncomfortable when a routine or schedule is altered.
- Intellect / Ideas
- Deals with an intellect style (not ability)
- High:
- Likes: to debate, philosophy, intellectual challenges, riddles, puzzles, and learning new things.
- Low:
- Like to interact with people, as opposed to ideas.
- Don't appreciate philosophy and theory, and instead prefer concrete thinking.
- View intellectual activities as a poor use of time.
- Liberalism / Values
- Deals with tendency to rebel against authority, and not like rules.
- High: Unconventional
- Low: Conventional. Conservative. Like traditional values and tend to conform.
- Industriousness
- Orderliness
- Conscientiousness most tied with career success of all the personality traits.
- Job performance, earnings, being promoted.
- Self-efficacy / Competence
- The ability to accomplish things. Tendency and ability to want to achieve tasks.
- High:
- Believe they are competent, have self-control and drive, common sense, and general mental ability to achieve tasks and be successful.
- Feel effective, and in control of their lives.
- Low:
- Feels like their life is out of control, and that they really cant change much in terms of direction of their life and what’s going on.
- Orderliness / Order
- High - Well organised, like to plan things out, like schedules/routines/lists, and check things off,
- Low - Disorganised and have difficulty getting things together and making plans.
- Dutifulness
- Someone's sense of obligation and duty.
- High:
- have a strong moral obligation.
- Like rules, regulations, contracts, and that they are followed.
- Low:
- viewed as unreliable or irresponsible
- tend to break the rules, and view rules as being too confining and restrictive,
- Achievement Striving
- High:
- Work diligently to achieve success, and to the be top performer in their field
- Internally driven, and have fairly high goals set.
- Singlemindedness in pursuit of goal, restricting individual from being aware of other goals and options (too focused).
- Low:
- Try to get by with a minimal amount of effort.
- High:
- Self-discipline
- High - Will-power, able to persist on unpleasant tasks until completion.
- Low - Tends to not have ability to follow through, even for originally enjoyable tasks
- Cautiousness / Deliberation
- High:
- Tends to think though all the options in a situation before taking any action.
- Thoughtful. Weigh alternatives, consider consequences of actions
- Low:
- Impulsive
- High:
- Assertiveness
- Enthusiasm
- Friendliness / Warmth
- Relationships, close relationships, and a general desire to create friendships.
- High:
- Make friends quickly.
- Easy time forming close relationships.
- Low:
- Viewed as cold or hostile, distant.
- Tends not to reach our / initiate friendship and tends to remain reserved.
- Gregariousness
- Interest in relating to a number of people at the same time. ie: party / crowd.
- High: Finds stimulation and enjoyment in interacting with a group of people.
- Assertiveness
- High: Speak out, take charge, Take control in groups.
- Activity Level
- A tendency to really like having a fast paced, action packed, busy life.
- High: Vigorous, energetic, always trying to stay moving.
- Low: Prefer life at a slower pace. Like things to be relaxed.
- Excitement Seeking
- High: Easily bored. Seek high levels of stimulation, like bright lights, loud music, take chances, thrill seeking,
- Low: Tend to be overwhelmed by a lot of stimulation
- Cheerfulness / Positive Emotions
- Mood and positive feelings
- High: Lot of positive feelings. Happiness, joy, enthusiasm, optimism.
- Politeness
- Compassion
- Trust
- High:
- Tends to believe people are well-intentioned, honest, fair.
- Initially tend to be trusting.
- Low:
- Tends not to trust.
- Worry about other people being devious.
- High:
- Morality / Straight-forwardness
- High:
- Tendency to be Candid, frank, and sincere.
- Direct in a kind with others
- Low:
- Tendency to use deception or manipulation.
- Guarded.
- High:
- Altruism
- Desire to help others, and attitude toward helping others.
- High: See helping others as rewarding and fulfilling
- Low: May be helpful, but sees being helpful as an inconvenience.
- Co-operation / Compliance
- High:
- Don't like confrontations.
- Tend to compromise and are not as concerned with their own needs.
- Low:
- More competitive.
- Tend to look out for their own needs vigorously.
- High:
- Modesty
- How willing someone is to claim they are better or superior to other people.
- High:
- Don't like making the claim of superiority, appearing better, or acting as if they're better.
- Possible Reason: low self-confidence/self-esteem.
- Low:
- Sometimes viewed as arrogant.
- Sympathy / Tendermindedness
- Sometimes seen as Justice-vs-mercy
- High: Compassionate, empathetic, connects with human suffering,
- Low:
- Less Sympathy/Compassionate for individuals.
- Less of an ability to connect with the pain that the people experiences.
- Tend to think of self as objective and reasonable.
- Volatility
- Withdrawal
- more self-aware ... loads on negative emotions
- Anxiety
- How easily someone is worried. How often they look at the environment as dangerous. Takes into account the fight/flight system.
- High - General anxiety, panic, phobias, tension/nervousness.
- Low - Calm, generally not afraid of a lot of circumstances.
- Anger / Angry Hostility
- Tendency to FEEL angry. Does not deal with the "expression" of anger (see agreeableness).
- High:
- Aversion to situations not going their way.
- Sensitive to being treated unfairly. Bitter when they feel they're being cheated.
- Depression
- Not aligned with clinical definition.
- High - Tends to be discouraged, sad. Sometimes experience difficulty with starting tasks because of low motivation and low energy
- Low - Doesn't have depressive feelings (does not mean positive emotions. See Extroversion/Cheerfulness)
- Self-consciousness
- Sensitivity to how people look at an individual.
- High:
- Concerned that people are looking at them negatively, evaluating them negatively.
- Tend to feel awkward, embarrassed, or ashamed,
- Low:
- Doesn't feel like their being evaluated negatively.
- Typically do well in social situations.
- Low nervousness being around people, and potentially being evaluated.
- Immoderation / Impulsiveness
- Inability to resist urges
- High:
- Inability to resist urges. Tend to over indulge.
- Orientation towards short-term gain, short term pleasures than appreciating long term gain.
- Not as concerned with consequences of giving into these urges.
- Vulnerability
- Predisposition to panic. Related to stress (differs to 1. Anxiety). How easily someone panics, feels confused or helpless, when a stressor is present. How resistant they are to stress.
- High:
- Tends to have the flight/flight response triggered easily.
- Low:
- Appear confident, poised, calm
- Appear dispassionate, distant,
High neuroticism is associated with poor career outcomes, and other negative circumstances. However, individuals that are high in neuroticism, tend to do better when also high in conscientiousness.