Project2_CarolineAllan.R

## Caroline Allan
## U.S. History Through Census Data
## Project 2
## Mexican Race in the U.S. 1950-2000
## January 30, 2016

rm(list = ls())

# load packages
library(readr)
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(scales)
library(ggthemes)
library(ggmap)

## Set Working Directory
setwd("~/Desktop/HistThroughCensusData/Project2")

## Read In Data
data_raw <- read_csv('usa_00004.csv')

## Remove Alaska, Hawaii, and oversease military
a <- filter(data_raw, STATEFIP < 60 & (YEAR >= 1960 | !(STATEFIP %in% c(2, 15))))

## Seclect necessary variables
b <- select(a, YEAR, PERWT, BPL, BPLD, STATEFIP)

## Dataset with total foreign-born population in each year
c <- b %>% 
  filter(BPL > 99) %>% 
  group_by(YEAR) %>% 
  summarise(TOTALPOP = sum(PERWT))

## Calculate total foreign-born populations by state by year
c2 <- b %>% 
  filter(BPL > 99) %>% 
  group_by(YEAR, STATEFIP) %>% 
  summarise(STATEPOP = sum(PERWT))

## Add total populations to dataset b
d <- merge(b, c, by = 'YEAR', all.x = TRUE)

## Filter out everyone not born in Mexico
e <- filter(d, BPL == 200 | BPLD == 20000)

## Dataframe with number of Mexican immigrants by year (not by state)
f <- summarise(group_by(e, YEAR), NUMMEX = sum(PERWT))

## Add in total population
g <- merge(f, c, by = 'YEAR', all.x = TRUE)

## Add column for % Mexican immigrants
h <- mutate(g, PERCMEX = NUMMEX/TOTALPOP)

## Create a plot of # Mexican immigrants by year
plot1 <- ggplot(h, aes(x = YEAR, y = NUMMEX)) +
  geom_bar(stat = 'identity') +
  theme_few() +
  labs(x = "Year",
       y = "Estimated Mexican Immigrants",
       title = "Estimated Number of Mexican Immigrants in U.S.\n1950-2000") +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000)) +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = comma)
print(plot1)
ggsave(file="nummex.png",dpi=300)

plot2 <- ggplot(h, aes(x = YEAR, y = PERCMEX)) +
  geom_bar(stat = 'identity') +
  theme_few() +
  labs(x = "Year",
       y = "Percent",
       title = "Percent of Foreign-Born Population Born in Mexico\n1950-2000") +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = percent_format()) + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000))
print(plot2)
ggsave(file="mexshare.png",dpi=300)


## MAPS

## State Name Data
states <- read.csv('states.csv', stringsAsFactors = FALSE)

## Map data
map <- read.csv('map.csv', stringsAsFactors = FALSE)

## Create dataset of number of Mexican Immigrants per year in each state
NumMex_Data <- summarise(group_by(e, YEAR, STATEFIP), NUMMEX = sum(PERWT))

## Add total foreign-born population in each state
i <- merge(NumMex_Data, c2, by = c('YEAR', 'STATEFIP'))

## Calculate Mexican share
map_data_final <- mutate(i, SHAREMEX = NUMMEX/STATEPOP)

## MAP 1
share2000 <- map_data_final %>% 
  select(YEAR, SHAREMEX, STATEFIP) %>% 
  filter(YEAR == 2000)

gg <- merge(share2000,states,by='STATEFIP')
hh <- merge(gg, map, by.x='NAME', by.y='id')

ii <- mutate(hh,section=cut(SHAREMEX,c(0,.1,.2,.4,.5, .9),right=FALSE))

lab <- c('<10%','10%-19.99%','20%-39.99%','40%-49.99%', '>=50%')
jj <- mutate(ii,section=factor(section,labels=lab))

mapShare2000 <- ggplot() +
  geom_polygon(data = jj, 
               aes(x = long, y = lat, group = group, fill = section), 
               color = "black", size = 0.25) +
  labs(title='Percent of Foreign-Born State Population Born in Mexico, 2000') +
  scale_fill_brewer(name = 'Share Mexican\nImmigrants', palette = 'Greens') +
  theme_nothing(legend = TRUE) +
  guides(fill = guide_legend(override.aes = list(colour = NULL)))
ggsave(file="share2000.png",dpi=300)
print(mapShare2000)

## MAP 2

## Dataset with Year, Statefip, and share Mexicans
share1950 <- map_data_final %>% 
  select(YEAR, SHAREMEX, STATEFIP) %>% 
  filter(YEAR == 1950) %>% 
  filter(STATEFIP != 1 | STATEFIP != 15)

## Add in state names
kk <- merge(share1950,states,by='STATEFIP')

## Remove Alaska and Hawaii from map data
map <- map %>% 
  filter(id != 'Alaska' & id != 'Hawaii')

ll <- merge(kk, map, by.x='NAME', by.y='id', all.y = TRUE)

mm <- mutate(ll,section=cut(SHAREMEX, c(0,.1,.2,.4, .9), right=TRUE))

nn <- mutate(mm,section=factor(section))

## Reorder data
oo <- nn[order(nn$order), ] 

mapShare1950 <- ggplot() +
  geom_polygon(data = oo, 
               aes(x = long, y = lat, group = group, fill = section), 
               color = "black", size = 0.25) +
  labs(title='Percent of Foreign-Born State Population Born in Mexico, 1950') +
  scale_fill_brewer(name = 'Share Mexican\nImmigrants', palette = 'Greens',
                    labels = c('<10%','10%-19.99%','20%-39.99%', '>=40%') ) +
  theme_nothing(legend = TRUE) +
  guides(fill = guide_legend(override.aes = list(colour = NULL)))
ggsave(file="share1950.png",dpi=300)
print(mapShare1950)

dev.off()