vmfun.js

const vm = require('vm');
const wrap = require('module').wrap;

const code = `module.exports = {
	foo: function () {
		register(ctx => {
			if (ctx.i === 0) {
				throw new TypeError('boom');
			}
			if (ctx.i === 1) {
				console.log(ctx.data.blah);
			}
		});
	}
};`;

const ctx = { exports: {} };

let fn;

const globalObj = {
	register(handler) {
		fn = handler;
	},
	console: console
};

const compiled = vm.runInNewContext(wrap(code), globalObj, {
	filename: 'foobar.js',
	lineOffset: 0,
	displayErrors: false
});

compiled.apply(ctx.exports, [
	ctx.exports,
	require,
	ctx,
	'foobar.js',
	__dirname
]);

ctx.exports.foo();

try {
	fn({ i: 0 });
	console.log('it worked');
} catch (err) {
	console.error('error!', err);
	console.log(err instanceof Error);
}

try {
	fn({ i: 1 });
	console.log('it worked');
} catch (err) {
	console.error('error!', err);
	console.log(err instanceof Error);
}