import seaborn as sns
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
# load data and plot using sns
tips = sns.load_dataset("tips")
g = sns.FacetGrid(tips, col="sex", row="smoker", margin_titles=True)
g.map(sns.plt.scatter, "total_bill", "tip")
# adjust height of sns plot and add title
plt.subplots_adjust(top=0.9)
g.fig.suptitle('THIS IS A TITLE, YOU BET') # can also get the figure from plt.gcf()Need to
import gzipHi, I was trying to read directly from a compressed file:
data = np.array([9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1])
dt = data.type
with gzip.open("datafile.gz", "wb") as outfile:
outfile.write(data.tobytes())
with gzip.open("datafile.gz", "rb") as infile:
data = np.fromfile(infile, dtype=dt)
print(data)Unfortunately, this returns garbage data:
[6542475788951259935 7594864974085029634 1008947487324530028 3113290099057413416 91954333390038676 6865743131250406218]
The workaround is to load the data into a buffer first, and then let np.frombuffer read it:
with gzip.open("datafile.gz", "rb") as infile:
data = np.frombuffer(infile.read(), dtype=dt)
print(data)Returns: [9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1] as expected.
I think silently returning corrupt data is pretty much the worst possible behaviour in this ase. Either of these options would be an improvement:
- Teach
np.fromfile()to read fromgzip(and possible other compression formats) file bjects - Raise an error explaining that NumPy can't deal with this kind of file object
- At least clearly document what kind of "file object"
np.fromfile()expects.
Right now, the file parameter of np.fromfile is documented as:
file : file or str
Open file object or filename.
And the file object returned from gzip.open is a file object, but apparently not the right ind. That's pretty confusing and should at least be changed in the documentation.
Operating System: Fedora 27, 64-Bit
Python version: 3.6.4
NumPy version: 1.13.3
- python3
- sudo user
sudo apt-get install npm nodejs-legacy
sudo -H pip3 install jupyterhub
sudo npm install -g configurable-http-proxy
sudo -H pip3 install notebook- ref: jupyterhub.readthedocs.io
- Generate a default config file
jupyterhub --generate-config
# this command will generate a config file "jupyterhub_config.py" in current dir- edit "jupyterhub_config.py"
# optional: change "c.JupyterHub.port = 8000" to whatever port you prefer
c.JupyterHub.port = 9999
c.JupyterHub.ssl_cert = '/opt/certkeys/fullchain.pem'
c.JupyterHub.ssl_key = '/opt/certkeys/privkey.pem'
# admin user
c.Authenticator.admin_users = {'hailins', 'rohan'}
# Allowing of use LocalAuthenticator to create system users
c.LocalAuthenticator.create_system_users = True
# JupyterHub.admin_access if False: disabled- sudo edit "/etc/cron.d/certbot", add the
cppart so that renewed pem files are available to everyone
0 */12 * * * root test -x /usr/bin/certbot -a \! -d /run/systemd/system && perl -e 'sleep int(rand(3600))' && certbot -q renew && cp /etc/letsencrypt/live/cuda1.ansci.iastate.edu/[fp]*.pem /opt/certkeys/- Cookie secret
openssl rand -hex 32 > jupyterhub_cookie_secret- SSL: WRONG_VERSION_NUMBER problem
solution: mv
~/.jupyteraway, say, to~/.jupyter.bak
# add user "jupyterhub" and group "jupyterhub"
sudo useradd jupyterhub
sudo -H pip3 install sudospawner
# add existing users into group jupyterhub
sudo adduser hailins jupyterhub
sudo adduser rohan jupyterhub- modify
sudoersviavisudo, adding these content
# the command(s) the Hub can run on behalf of the above users without needing a password
# the exact path may differ, depending on how sudospawner was installed
Cmnd_Alias JUPYTER_CMD = /usr/local/bin/sudospawner
# actually give the Hub user permission to run the above command on behalf
# of the above users without prompting for a password
jupyterhub ALL=(%jupyterhub) NOPASSWD:JUPYTER_CMD- enabling PAM for non-root
sudo usermod -a -G shadow jupyterhub
sudo passwd jupyterhub # 'I wont tell you'- Make a Directory for JupyterHub
sudo mkdir /etc/jupyterhub
sudo chown jupyterhub /etc/jupyterhub
# copy all the configuration files (3) here!!!- Finally, start the server as our newly configured user
cd /etc/jupyterhub
sudo -u jupyterhub jupyterhub --JupyterHub.spawner_class=sudospawner.SudoSpawnerReferenced from THIS LINK
jupyter notebook --generate-configfrom notebook.auth import passwd
print(passwd())
# copy the output to clipboard like 'sha1:0f89d3214bef:8343fc31e75b9d679c5ca6d02ac6ef530de51bb3'openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:1024 -keyout mykey.key -out mycert.pem
# put these two output files somewhere# Set options for certfile, ip, password, and toggle off browser auto-opening
c.NotebookApp.certfile = u'/absolute/path/to/your/certificate/mycert.pem'
c.NotebookApp.keyfile = u'/absolute/path/to/your/certificate/mykey.key'
# Set ip to '*' to bind on all interfaces (ips) for the public server
c.NotebookApp.ip = '*'
c.NotebookApp.password = u'sha1:bcd259ccf...<your hashed password here>'
c.NotebookApp.open_browser = False
# It is a good idea to set a known, fixed port for server access
c.NotebookApp.port = 9999jupyter notebook