TypeScript from 0 to 60

reason-0-60.re

// No TypeScript, but statically typed
let add = (a, b) => a + b;

ts-0-60.ts

// No TypeScript
function add(a, b) {
  return a + b;
}

// Type function arguments
//              vvvvvv     vvvvvv
function add(a: number, b: number) {
  return a + b;
}

// Type return statement
//                                  vvvvvv
function add(a: number, b: number): number {
  return a + b;
}

// Accept number or string
//              vvvvvvvvvvvvvvv     vvvvvvvvvvvvvvv   vvvvvvvvvvvvvvv    
function add(a: number | string, b: number | string): number | string {
  return a + b;
}

// That's a bit silly...
// a and b should both be numbers or strings, don't mix!
// Introduce a generic type T that represents number or string
// 
// This will effectively result in:
// (a: number, b: number): number
// OR
// (a: string, b: string): string
//           vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv  
function add<T extends number | string>(a: T, b: T): T {
  return a + b;
}

// Think of generic types (<T, Foo, Whatever>) as type variables!

// Return an object with the result
//                                                   vvvvvvvvvvvvv
function add<T extends number | string>(a: T, b: T): { result: T } {
  return {
    result: a + b
  };
}

// Make that type "reusable"
// Notice how we're passing that generic type into the interface
interface ResultObject<T> {
  result: T;
}

//                                                   vvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
function add<T extends number | string>(a: T, b: T): ResultObject<T> {
  // The interface ensures that what we return fits the
  // ResultObject<T> interface
  return {
    result: a + b
  };
}

// Now you know enough to be dangerous ☢️