copy initialization and direct initialization

init.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class A {
public:
	A() { 
		cout << "default constructor" << endl;
	}

	A(const A& x) { 
		cout << "copy constructor" << endl;
	}

	const A& operator = (const A& x) {
		cout << "operator =" << endl;
		return *this;
	}
};

int main() {
	A a;       // default constructor
	A b(a);    // copy constructor
	A c = a;   // copy constructor
	c = b;     // operator =
	return 0;
}