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Estudando o OL8, encontrei alguns pontos interessantes sobre o dnf, abaixo seguem pontos que me chamaram a atenção:
Studying OL8, I found some interesting points about DNF, below are points that caught my attention:
1 - Histórico de instalação, quem nunca precisou saber quando foi instalado ou feito um update de pacotes?
Installation history, who never needed to know when packages were installed or updated?
[root@oelestudos1 ~]# dnf history
ID | Command line | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31 | install nginx | 2021-04-06 01:04 | Install | 15
30 | install dnf-automatic | 2021-04-06 00:48 | Install | 1
29 | install tmux | 2021-04-06 00:12 | Install | 1
28 | install logwatch | 2021-04-04 16:35 | Install | 6
27 | install ftp | 2021-04-04 15:54 | Install | 1
26 | install vsftpd | 2021-04-04 15:42 | Install | 1
25 | -y remove kernel-uek-5.4.17-2011.7.4.el8uek | 2021-03-19 19:32 | Removed | 1
24 | -y install http://129.146.131.238/oci-mar-2021/oci-linux-config-2.0-1.0.16.el8.noarch.rpm | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Upgrade | 1 EE
23 | -y install http://129.146.131.238/oci-mar-2021/oraclelinux-release-el8-1.0-16.0.1.el8.x86_64.rpm http://129.1 | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Upgrade | 7 EE
22 | -y install iperf3 | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Install | 2
21 | -y install perf | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Install | 3
20 | -y install trace-cmd | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Install | 1 EE
19 | -y install kernel-uek-devel | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Install | 3
18 | -y install bcc | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 6
17 | -y install ltrace | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 1
16 | -y install dtrace | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 1
15 | -y install oswatcher | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 3 EE
14 | -y install systemtap | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 21
13 | -y install oci-linux-config | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 1 EE
12 | -y install tuned-profiles-oci-recommend | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 2
11 | -y install uptrack | 2021-03-19 19:24 | Install | 36 EE
10 | -y install https://objectstorage.us-phoenix-1.oraclecloud.com/p/H8i2z6l0-4HAPbIayw-5AMXEMw5l8JlKN7Lv-VlWqSXRB | 2021-03-19 19:24 | Install | 1 EE
9 | -y update --exclude=cuda *455* *460* | 2021-03-19 19:23 | I, U | 19 EE
8 | -y install oci-utils | 2021-03-19 19:23 | Install | 10 EE
7 | -y install mysql-release-el8 | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
6 | -y install oracle-epel-release-el8 | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
5 | -y install ksplice-release-el8 | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
4 | -y install oci-release-el8 | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
3 | -y install https://objectstorage.us-phoenix-1.oraclecloud.com/p/QEhSfbu-EXnz8pndSF6Gdo2v2QV7hFicBBg8jm6IfX-Q_ | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
2 | -y install oraclelinux-developer-release-el8 | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
1 | | 2021-03-19 19:15 | Install | 599 EE
| 2021-03-19 19:15 | Install | 599 EE
2 - Desfazer e refazer a instalação de um pacote.
Quem nunca atualizou um pacote e descobriu que a versão mais atual fez uma aplicação parar de funcionar, abaixo segue exemplo de undo e redo.
Undo and redo the installation of a package.
Who never updated a package and found that the most current version made an application to stop working, below follows an example of undo and redo.
[root@oelestudos1 ~]# dnf list installed | grep nginx
nginx.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.0.1.module+el8.0.0+5347+9282027e @ol8_appstream
nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.14.1-9.0.1.module+el8.0.0+5347+9282027e @ol8_appstream
nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.14.1-9.0.1.module+el8.0.0+5347+9282027e @ol8_appstream
nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.0.1.module+el8.0.0+5347+9282027e @ol8_appstream
nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.0.1.module+el8.0.0+5347+9282027e @ol8_appstream
nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.0.1.module+el8.0.0+5347+9282027e @ol8_appstream
nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.0.1.module+el8.0.0+5347+9282027e @ol8_appstream
nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.0.1.module+el8.0.0+5347+9282027e @ol8_appstream
[root@oelestudos1 ~]# dnf history
ID | Command line | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31 | install nginx | 2021-04-06 01:04 | Install | 15
[root@oelestudos1 ~]# dnf history undo 31 -y
[root@oelestudos1 ~]# dnf list installed | grep nginx
[root@oelestudos1 ~]# | 2021-03-19 19:15 | Install | 599 EE
[root@oelestudos1 ~]# dnf history redo 31 -y
[root@oelestudos1 ~]# dnf list installed | grep nginx
nginx.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.0.1.module+el8.0.0+5347+9282027e @ol8_appstream
nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.14.1-9.0.1.module+el8.0.0+5347+9282027e @ol8_appstream
nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.14.1-9.0.1.module+el8.0.0+5347+9282027e @ol8_appstream
nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.0.1.module+el8.0.0+5347+9282027e @ol8_appstream
nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.0.1.module+el8.0.0+5347+9282027e @ol8_appstream
nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.0.1.module+el8.0.0+5347+9282027e @ol8_appstream
nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.0.1.module+el8.0.0+5347+9282027e @ol8_appstream
nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.0.1.module+el8.0.0+5347+9282027e @ol8_appstream
3 - Verificar e atualizar o OL apenas atualizações de segurança?
Check and update the OL only security updates?
[root@oelestudos1 ~]# dnf updateinfo sec
Last metadata expiration check: 0:30:53 ago on Tue 06 Apr 2021 12:42:01 AM GMT.
Updates Information Summary: available
5 Security notice(s)
4 Important Security notice(s)
1 Moderate Security notice(s)
4 - Aplicar atualizações de segurança.
Apply security updates.
[root@oelestudos1 ~]# dnf update --security
[root@oelestudos1 ~]# dnf updateinfo sec
Last metadata expiration check: 0:43:08 ago on Tue 06 Apr 2021 12:42:01 AM GMT.
Updates Information Summary: available
2 Security notice(s)
1 Important Security notice(s)
1 Moderate Security notice(s)
Security: kernel-uek-5.4.17-2102.200.13.el8uek.x86_64 is an installed security update
Security: kernel-uek-5.4.17-2036.104.5.el8uek.x86_64 is the currently running version
5 - Verificar atualizações de segurança aplicadas.
Check for applied security updates.
[root@oelestudos1 ~]# dnf history
ID | Command line | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
34 | update --security | 2021-04-06 01:17 | I, U | 19 EE
33 | history redo 31 -y | 2021-04-06 01:10 | Install | 15
32 | history undo 31 -y | 2021-04-06 01:08 | Removed | 15
31 | install nginx | 2021-04-06 01:04 | Install | 15
30 | install dnf-automatic | 2021-04-06 00:48 | Install | 1
29 | install tmux | 2021-04-06 00:12 | Install | 1
28 | install logwatch | 2021-04-04 16:35 | Install | 6
27 | install ftp | 2021-04-04 15:54 | Install | 1
26 | install vsftpd | 2021-04-04 15:42 | Install | 1
25 | -y remove kernel-uek-5.4.17-2011.7.4.el8uek | 2021-03-19 19:32 | Removed | 1
24 | -y install http://129.146.131.238/oci-mar-2021/oci-linux-config-2.0-1.0.16.el8.noarch.rpm | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Upgrade | 1 EE
23 | -y install http://129.146.131.238/oci-mar-2021/oraclelinux-release-el8-1.0-16.0.1.el8.x86_64.rpm http://129.1 | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Upgrade | 7 EE
22 | -y install iperf3 | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Install | 2
21 | -y install perf | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Install | 3
20 | -y install trace-cmd | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Install | 1 EE
19 | -y install kernel-uek-devel | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Install | 3
18 | -y install bcc | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 6
17 | -y install ltrace | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 1
16 | -y install dtrace | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 1
15 | -y install oswatcher | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 3 EE
14 | -y install systemtap | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 21
13 | -y install oci-linux-config | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 1 EE
12 | -y install tuned-profiles-oci-recommend | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 2
11 | -y install uptrack | 2021-03-19 19:24 | Install | 36 EE
10 | -y install https://objectstorage.us-phoenix-1.oraclecloud.com/p/H8i2z6l0-4HAPbIayw-5AMXEMw5l8JlKN7Lv-VlWqSXRB | 2021-03-19 19:24 | Install | 1 EE
9 | -y update --exclude=cuda *455* *460* | 2021-03-19 19:23 | I, U | 19 EE
8 | -y install oci-utils | 2021-03-19 19:23 | Install | 10 EE
7 | -y install mysql-release-el8 | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
6 | -y install oracle-epel-release-el8 | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
5 | -y install ksplice-release-el8 | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
4 | -y install oci-release-el8 | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
3 | -y install https://objectstorage.us-phoenix-1.oraclecloud.com/p/QEhSfbu-EXnz8pndSF6Gdo2v2QV7hFicBBg8jm6IfX-Q_ | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
2 | -y install oraclelinux-developer-release-el8 | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
1 | | 2021-03-19 19:15 | Install | 599 EE
6 - Reverter atualizações de segurança.
Rollback security updates.
[root@oelestudos1 ~]# dnf history undo 34 -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:47:51 ago on Tue 06 Apr 2021 12:42:01 AM GMT.
Undoing transaction 34, from Tue 06 Apr 2021 01:17:22 AM GMT
Install grub2-tools-efi-1:2.02-90.0.4.el8_3.1.x86_64 @ol8_baseos_latest
Install kernel-uek-devel-5.4.17-2102.200.13.el8uek.x86_64 @ol8_UEKR6
Install kernel-uek-5.4.17-2102.200.13.el8uek.x86_64 @ol8_UEKR6
Upgrade libstdc++-8.3.1-5.1.0.2.el8.x86_64 @ol8_baseos_latest
Upgraded libstdc++-8.3.1-5.1.0.1.el8.x86_64 @@System
Upgrade libgomp-8.3.1-5.1.0.2.el8.x86_64 @ol8_baseos_latest
Upgraded libgomp-8.3.1-5.1.0.1.el8.x86_64 @@System
Upgrade libgcc-8.3.1-5.1.0.2.el8.x86_64 @ol8_baseos_latest
Upgraded libgcc-8.3.1-5.1.0.1.el8.x86_64 @@System
Upgrade openssl-libs-1:1.1.1g-15.el8_3.x86_64 @ol8_baseos_latest
Upgraded openssl-libs-1:1.1.1g-12.el8_3.x86_64 @@System
Upgrade openssl-1:1.1.1g-15.el8_3.x86_64 @ol8_baseos_latest
Upgraded openssl-1:1.1.1g-12.el8_3.x86_64 @@System
Upgrade grub2-tools-1:2.02-90.0.4.el8_3.1.x86_64 @ol8_baseos_latest
Upgraded grub2-tools-1:2.02-90.0.2.el8_3.1.x86_64 @@System
Upgrade grub2-common-1:2.02-90.0.4.el8_3.1.noarch @ol8_baseos_latest
Upgraded grub2-common-1:2.02-90.0.2.el8_3.1.noarch @@System
Upgrade shim-x64-15.3-1.0.2.x86_64 @ol8_baseos_latest
Upgraded shim-x64-15-11.0.5.x86_64 @@System
Upgrade grub2-tools-extra-1:2.02-90.0.4.el8_3.1.x86_64 @ol8_baseos_latest
Upgraded grub2-tools-extra-1:2.02-90.0.2.el8_3.1.x86_64 @@System
Upgrade grub2-efi-x64-1:2.02-90.0.4.el8_3.1.x86_64 @ol8_baseos_latest
Upgraded grub2-efi-x64-1:2.02-90.0.2.el8_3.1.x86_64 @@System
Upgrade grub2-tools-minimal-1:2.02-90.0.4.el8_3.1.x86_64 @ol8_baseos_latest
Upgraded grub2-tools-minimal-1:2.02-90.0.2.el8_3.1.x86_64 @@System
Upgrade python2-libs-2.7.17-2.0.2.module+el8.3.0+el8+9687+03d85b1a.x86_64 @ol8_appstream
Upgraded python2-libs-2.7.17-2.0.1.module+el8.3.0+7833+4aaf98ce.x86_64 @@System
Upgrade python36-3.6.8-2.0.1.module+el8.3.0+el8+9688+bb1990d3.x86_64 @ol8_appstream
Upgraded python36-3.6.8-2.module+el8.3.0+7694+550a8252.x86_64 @@System
Upgrade python2-2.7.17-2.0.2.module+el8.3.0+el8+9687+03d85b1a.x86_64 @ol8_appstream
Upgraded python2-2.7.17-2.0.1.module+el8.3.0+7833+4aaf98ce.x86_64 @@System
Upgrade gcc-8.3.1-5.1.0.2.el8.x86_64 @ol8_appstream
Upgraded gcc-8.3.1-5.1.0.1.el8.x86_64 @@System
Upgrade cpp-8.3.1-5.1.0.2.el8.x86_64 @ol8_appstream
Upgraded cpp-8.3.1-5.1.0.1.el8.x86_64 @@System
Dependencies resolved.
7 - Verificar histórico das atualizadas desfeitas.
Check history of und updates.
[root@oelestudos1 ~]# dnf history
ID | Command line | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35 | history undo 34 -y | 2021-04-06 01:30 | D, E | 19
34 | update --security | 2021-04-06 01:17 | I, U | 19 EE
33 | history redo 31 -y | 2021-04-06 01:10 | Install | 15
32 | history undo 31 -y | 2021-04-06 01:08 | Removed | 15
31 | install nginx | 2021-04-06 01:04 | Install | 15
30 | install dnf-automatic | 2021-04-06 00:48 | Install | 1
29 | install tmux | 2021-04-06 00:12 | Install | 1
28 | install logwatch | 2021-04-04 16:35 | Install | 6
27 | install ftp | 2021-04-04 15:54 | Install | 1
26 | install vsftpd | 2021-04-04 15:42 | Install | 1
25 | -y remove kernel-uek-5.4.17-2011.7.4.el8uek | 2021-03-19 19:32 | Removed | 1
24 | -y install http://129.146.131.238/oci-mar-2021/oci-linux-config-2.0-1.0.16.el8.noarch.rpm | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Upgrade | 1 EE
23 | -y install http://129.146.131.238/oci-mar-2021/oraclelinux-release-el8-1.0-16.0.1.el8.x86_64.rpm http://129.1 | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Upgrade | 7 EE
22 | -y install iperf3 | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Install | 2
21 | -y install perf | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Install | 3
20 | -y install trace-cmd | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Install | 1 EE
19 | -y install kernel-uek-devel | 2021-03-19 19:26 | Install | 3
18 | -y install bcc | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 6
17 | -y install ltrace | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 1
16 | -y install dtrace | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 1
15 | -y install oswatcher | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 3 EE
14 | -y install systemtap | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 21
13 | -y install oci-linux-config | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 1 EE
12 | -y install tuned-profiles-oci-recommend | 2021-03-19 19:25 | Install | 2
11 | -y install uptrack | 2021-03-19 19:24 | Install | 36 EE
10 | -y install https://objectstorage.us-phoenix-1.oraclecloud.com/p/H8i2z6l0-4HAPbIayw-5AMXEMw5l8JlKN7Lv-VlWqSXRB | 2021-03-19 19:24 | Install | 1 EE
9 | -y update --exclude=cuda *455* *460* | 2021-03-19 19:23 | I, U | 19 EE
8 | -y install oci-utils | 2021-03-19 19:23 | Install | 10 EE
7 | -y install mysql-release-el8 | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
6 | -y install oracle-epel-release-el8 | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
5 | -y install ksplice-release-el8 | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
4 | -y install oci-release-el8 | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
3 | -y install https://objectstorage.us-phoenix-1.oraclecloud.com/p/QEhSfbu-EXnz8pndSF6Gdo2v2QV7hFicBBg8jm6IfX-Q_ | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
2 | -y install oraclelinux-developer-release-el8 | 2021-03-19 19:22 | Install | 1
1 | | 2021-03-19 19:15 | Install | 599 EE
8 - Verificar histórico das atualizações de segurança desfeitas.
Check history of broken security updates.
[root@oelestudos1 ~]# dnf updateinfo sec
Last metadata expiration check: 0:50:07 ago on Tue 06 Apr 2021 12:42:01 AM GMT.
Updates Information Summary: available
5 Security notice(s)
4 Important Security notice(s)
1 Moderate Security notice(s)
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