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September 20, 2019 08:00
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| # awesome vim cheat sheet | |
| here is memo of vim shortcuts | |
| # surround.vim | |
| It's easiest to explain with examples. Press `cs"'` inside | |
| ``` | |
| "Hello world!" | |
| ``` | |
| to change it to | |
| ``` | |
| 'Hello world!' | |
| ``` | |
| Now press `cs'<q>` to change it to | |
| ``` | |
| <q>Hello world!</q> | |
| ``` | |
| To go full circle, press `cst"` to get | |
| ``` | |
| "Hello world!" | |
| ``` | |
| To remove the delimiters entirely, press `ds"`. | |
| ``` | |
| Hello world! | |
| ``` | |
| Now with the cursor on "Hello", press `ysiw]` (`iw` is a text object). | |
| ``` | |
| [Hello] world! | |
| ``` | |
| Let's make that braces and add some space (use `}` instead of `{` for no space): `cs]{` | |
| ``` | |
| { Hello } world! | |
| ``` | |
| Now wrap the entire line in parentheses with `yssb` or `yss)`. | |
| ``` | |
| ({ Hello } world!) | |
| ``` | |
| Revert to the original text: `ds{ds)` | |
| ``` | |
| Hello world! | |
| ``` | |
| Emphasize hello: `ysiw<em>` | |
| ``` | |
| <em>Hello</em> world! | |
| ``` | |
| Finally, let's try out visual mode. Press a capital V (for linewise visual mode) followed by `S<p class="important">`. | |
| ``` | |
| <p class="important"> | |
| <em>Hello</em> world! | |
| </p> | |
| ``` | |
| This plugin is very powerful for HTML and XML editing, a niche which currently seems underfilled in Vim land. (As opposed to HTML/XML _inserting_, for which many plugins are available). Adding, changing, and removing pairs of tags simultaneously is a breeze. | |
| The `.` command will work with `ds`, `cs`, and `yss` if you install [repeat.vim](https://github.com/tpope/vim-repeat). | |
| ## # vim-multiple-cursors | |
| ### It's great for quick refactoring | |
| [](https://github.com/terryma/vim-multiple-cursors/blob/master/assets/example1.gif?raw=true) | |
| Vim command sequence: `fp<C-n><C-n><C-n>cname` | |
| ### [](https://github.com/terryma/vim-multiple-cursors#add-a-cursor-to-each-line-of-your-visual-selection)Add a cursor to each line of your visual selection | |
| [](https://github.com/terryma/vim-multiple-cursors/blob/master/assets/example2.gif?raw=true) | |
| Vim command sequence: `vip<C-n>i"<Right><Right><Right>",<Esc>vipgJ$r]Idays = [` | |
| ### [](https://github.com/terryma/vim-multiple-cursors#match-characters-from-visual-selection)Match characters from visual selection | |
| [](https://github.com/terryma/vim-multiple-cursors/blob/master/assets/example3.gif?raw=true) | |
| Vim command sequence: `df[$r,0f,v<C-n>…<C-n>c<CR><Up><Del><Right><Right><Right><Del>` | |
| ### [](https://github.com/terryma/vim-multiple-cursors#use-the-command-to-match-regexp)Use the command to match regexp | |
| [](https://github.com/terryma/vim-multiple-cursors/blob/master/assets/example4.gif?raw=true) | |
| To see what keystrokes are used for the above examples, see [the wiki page](https://github.com/terryma/vim-multiple-cursors/wiki/Keystrokes-for-example-gifs). | |
| ## vim-go | |
| This plugin adds Go language support for Vim, with the following main features: | |
| - Compile your package with `:GoBuild`, install it with `:GoInstall` or test it with `:GoTest`. Run a single test with `:GoTestFunc`). | |
| - Quickly execute your current file(s) with `:GoRun`. | |
| - Improved syntax highlighting and folding. | |
| - Debug programs with integrated `delve` support with `:GoDebugStart`. | |
| - Completion support via `gocode` and `gopls`. | |
| - `gofmt` or `goimports` on save keeps the cursor position and undo history. | |
| - Go to symbol/declaration with `:GoDef`. | |
| - Look up documentation with `:GoDoc` or `:GoDocBrowser`. | |
| - Easily import packages via `:GoImport`, remove them via `:GoDrop`. | |
| - Precise type-safe renaming of identifiers with `:GoRename`. | |
| - See which code is covered by tests with `:GoCoverage`. | |
| - Add or remove tags on struct fields with `:GoAddTags` and `:GoRemoveTags`. | |
| - Call `gometalinter` with `:GoMetaLinter` to invoke all possible linters (`golint`, `vet`, `errcheck`, `deadcode`, etc.) and put the result in the quickfix or location list. | |
| - Lint your code with `:GoLint`, run your code through `:GoVet` to catch static errors, or make sure errors are checked with `:GoErrCheck`. | |
| - Advanced source analysis tools utilizing `guru`, such as `:GoImplements`, `:GoCallees`, and `:GoReferrers`. | |
| - ... and many more! Please see [doc/vim-go.txt](https://github.com/fatih/vim-go/blob/master/doc/vim-go.txt) for more information. | |
| ## Python-mode, a Python IDE for Vim | |
| - Run python code (`<leader>r`) | |
| - Add/remove breakpoints (`<leader>b`) | |
| - Run multiple code checkers simultaneously (`:PymodeLint`) | |
| - Autofix PEP8 errors (`:PymodeLintAuto`) | |
| - Search in python documentation (`<leader>K`) | |
| - Go to definition (`<C-c>g`) | |
| ## Delete a file | |
| ## 插件相关 | |
| | 快捷键 | 说明 | | |
| | ------- | ----- | | |
| | `,` | Leader Key | | |
| | `<leader>n` | 打开/关闭代码资源管理器 | | |
| | `<leader>t` | 打开/关闭函数列表 | | |
| | `<leader>a` | .h .cpp 文件切换 | | |
| | `<leader>u` | 转到函数声明 | | |
| | `<leader>U` | 转到函数实现 | | |
| | `<leader>u` | 转到变量声明 | | |
| | `<leader>o` | 打开include文件 | | |
| | `<leader>y` | 拷贝函数声明 | | |
| | `<leader>p` | 生成函数实现 | | |
| | `<leader>w` | 单词跳转 | | |
| | `<leader>f` | 搜索~目录下的文件 | | |
| | `<leader>F` | 搜索当前目录下的文本 | | |
| | `<leader>g` | 显示git仓库提交记录 | | |
| | `<leader>G` | 显示当前文件提交记录 | | |
| | `<leader>gg` | 显示当前文件在某个commit下的完整内容 | | |
| | `<leader>ff` | 语法错误自动修复(FixIt) | | |
| | `<c-p>` | 切换到上一个buffer | | |
| | `<c-n>` | 切换到下一个buffer | | |
| | `<leader>d` | 删除当前buffer | | |
| | `<leader>D` | 删除当前buffer外的所有buffer | | |
| | `vim` | 运行vim编辑器时,默认启动开始页面 | | |
| | `<F5>` | 显示语法错误提示窗口 | | |
| | `<F7>` | 启用markdown实时预览 | | |
| | `<F8>` | 关闭markdown实时预览 | | |
| | `<F9>` | 显示上一主题 | | |
| | `<F10>` | 显示下一主题 | | |
| | `<leader>l` | 按竖线对齐 | | |
| | `<leader>=` | 按等号对齐 | | |
| | `Ya` | 复制行文本到字母a | | |
| | `Da` | 剪切行文本到字母a | | |
| | `Ca` | 改写行文本到字母a | | |
| | `rr` | 替换文本 | | |
| | `<leader>r` | 全局替换，目前只支持单个文件 | | |
| | `gcc` | 注释代码 | | |
| | `gcap` | 注释段落 | | |
| | `vif` | 选中函数内容 | | |
| | `dif` | 删除函数内容 | | |
| | `cif` | 改写函数内容 | | |
| | `vaf` | 选中函数内容（包括函数名 花括号） | | |
| | `daf` | 删除函数内容（包括函数名 花括号） | | |
| | `caf` | 改写函数内容（包括函数名 花括号） | | |
| | `fa` | 查找字母a，然后再按f键查找下一个 | | |
| | `<c-x><c-o>` | Emoji:dog:补全 | | |
| ## 插入模式 | |
| | 快捷键 | 说明 | | |
| | ------- | ----- | | |
| | `i` | 在光标处进入插入模式 | | |
| | `I` | 在行首进入插入模式 | | |
| | `a` | 在光标后进入插入模式 | | |
| | `A` | 在行尾进入插入模式 | | |
| | `o` | 在下一行插入新行并进入插入模式 | | |
| | `O` | 在上一行插入新行并进入插入模式 | | |
| | `gi` | 进入到上一次插入模式的位置 | | |
| | `<esc>` | 退出插入模式 | | |
| ## 缓存操作 | |
| | 快捷键 | 说明 | | |
| | ------- | ----- | | |
| | `:e <filename>` | 新建buffer打开文件 | | |
| | `:bp` | 切换到上一个buffer | | |
| | `:bn` | 切换到下一个buffer | | |
| | `:bd` | 删除当前buffer | | |
| ## 窗口操作 | |
| | 快捷键 | 说明 | | |
| | ------- | ----- | | |
| | `:sp <filename>` | 横向切分窗口并打开文件 | | |
| | `:vsp <filename>` | 竖向切分窗口并打开文件 | | |
| | `<c-w>h` | 跳到左边的窗口 | | |
| | `<c-w>j` | 跳到下边的窗口 | | |
| | `<c-w>k` | 跳到上边的窗口 | | |
| | `<c-w>l` | 跳到右边的窗口 | | |
| | `<c-w>c` | 关闭当前窗口 | | |
| | `<c-w>o` | 关闭其他窗口 | | |
| | `:only` | 关闭其他窗口 | | |
| ## 光标移动 | |
| | 快捷键 | 说明 | | |
| | ------- | ----- | | |
| | `h` | 上下左右移动 | | |
| | `j` | 上下左右移动 | | |
| | `k` | 上下左右移动 | | |
| | `l` | 上下左右移动 | | |
| | `0` | 光标移动到行首 | | |
| | `^` | 跳到从行首开始第一个非空白字符 | | |
| | `$` | 光标移动到行尾 | | |
| | `<c-o>` | 跳到上一个位置 | | |
| | `<c-i>` | 跳到下一个位置 | | |
| | `<c-b>` | 上一页 | | |
| | `<c-f>` | 下一页 | | |
| | `<c-u>` | 上移半屏 | | |
| | `<c-d>` | 下移半屏 | | |
| | `H` | 调到屏幕顶上 | | |
| | `M` | 调到屏幕中间 | | |
| | `L` | 调到屏幕下方 | | |
| | `:n` | 跳到第n行 | | |
| | `w` | 跳到下一个单词开头(标点或空格分隔的单词) | | |
| | `W` | 跳到下一个单词开头(空格分隔的单词) | | |
| | `e` | 跳到下一个单词尾部(标点或空格分隔的单词) | | |
| | `E` | 跳到下一个单词尾部(空格分隔的单词) | | |
| | `b` | 上一个单词头(标点或空格分隔的单词) | | |
| | `B` | 上一个单词头(空格分隔的单词) | | |
| | `ge` | 上一个单词尾 | | |
| | `%` | 在配对符间移动, 可用于()、{}、[] | | |
| | `gg` | 到文件首 | | |
| | `G` | 到文件尾 | | |
| | `fx` | 跳转到下一个为x的字符 | | |
| | `Fx` | 跳转到上一个为x的字符 | | |
| | `tx` | 跳转到下一个为x的字符前 | | |
| | `Tx` | 跳转到上一个为x的字符前 | | |
| | `;` | 跳到下一个搜索的结果 | | |
| | `[[` | 跳转到函数开头 | | |
| | `]]` | 跳转到函数结尾 | | |
| ## 文本编辑 | |
| | 快捷键 | 说明 | | |
| | ------- | ----- | | |
| | `r` | 替换当前字符 | | |
| | `R` | 进入替换模式，直至 ESC 离开 | | |
| | `s` | 替换字符（删除光标处字符，并进入插入模式，前可接数量） | | |
| | `S` | 替换行（删除当前行，并进入插入模式，前可接数量） | | |
| | `cc` | 改写当前行（删除当前行并进入插入模式），同 S | | |
| | `cw` | 改写光标开始处的当前单词 | | |
| | `ciw` | 改写光标所处的单词 | | |
| | `caw` | 改写光标所处的单词，并且包括前后空格（如果有的话） | | |
| | `ct,` | 改写到逗号 | | |
| | `c0` | 改写到行首 | | |
| | `c^` | 改写到行首（第一个非零字符） | | |
| | `c$` | 改写到行末 | | |
| | `C` | 改写到行末（同 c$） | | |
| | `ci"` | 改写双引号中的内容 | | |
| | `ci'` | 改写单引号中的内容 | | |
| | `ci)` | 改写小括号中的内容 | | |
| | `ci]` | 改写中括号中内容 | | |
| | `ci}` | 改写大括号中内容 | | |
| | `cit` | 改写 xml tag 中的内容 | | |
| | `cis` | 改写当前句子 | | |
| | `ciB` | 改写'{}'中的内容 | | |
| | `c2w` | 改写下两个单词 | | |
| | `ct(` | 改写到小括号前 | | |
| | `x` | 删除当前字符，前面可以接数字，3x代表删除三个字符 | | |
| | `X` | 向前删除字符 | | |
| | `dd` | 删除当前行 | | |
| | `d0` | 删除到行首 | | |
| | `d^` | 删除到行首（第一个非零字符） | | |
| | `d$` | 删除到行末 | | |
| | `D` | 删除到行末（同 d$） | | |
| | `dw` | 删除当前单词 | | |
| | `dt,` | 删除到逗号 | | |
| | `diw` | 删除光标所处的单词 | | |
| | `daw` | 删除光标所处的单词，并包含前后空格（如果有的话） | | |
| | `di"` | 删除双引号中的内容 | | |
| | `di'` | 删除单引号中的内容 | | |
| | `di)` | 删除小括号中的内容 | | |
| | `di]` | 删除中括号中内容 | | |
| | `di}` | 删除大括号中内容 | | |
| | `diB` | 删除'{}'中的内容 | | |
| | `dit` | 删除 xml tag 中的内容 | | |
| | `dis` | 删除当前句子 | | |
| | `d2w` | 删除下两个单词 | | |
| | `dt(` | 删除到小括号前 | | |
| | `dgg` | 删除到文件头部 | | |
| | `dG` | 删除到文件尾部 | | |
| | `d}` | 删除下一段 | | |
| | `d{` | 删除上一段 | | |
| | `u` | 撤销 | | |
| | `U` | 撤销整行操作 | | |
| | `CTRL-R` | 撤销上一次 u 命令 | | |
| | `J` | 连接若干行 | | |
| | `gJ` | 连接若干行，删除空白字符 | | |
| | `.` | 重复上一次操作 | | |
| | `~` | 交换大小写 | | |
| | `g~iw` | 替换当前单词的大小写 | | |
| | `gUiw` | 将单词转成大写 | | |
| | `guiw` | 将当前单词转成小写 | | |
| | `guu` | 全行转为小写 | | |
| | `gUU` | 全行转为大写 | | |
| | `gg=G` | 缩进整个文件 | | |
| | `=a{` | 缩进光标所在代码块 | | |
| | `=i{` | 缩进光标所在代码块，不缩进"{" | | |
| | `<<` | 减少缩进 | | |
| | `>>` | 增加缩进 | | |
| | `==` | 自动缩进 | | |
| | `CTRL-A` | 增加数字 | | |
| | `CTRL-X` | 减少数字 | | |
| | `p` | 粘贴到光标后 | | |
| | `P` | 粘贴到光标前 | | |
| | `v` | 开始标记 | | |
| | `y` | 复制标记内容 | | |
| | `V` | 开始按行标记 | | |
| | `CTRL-V` | 开始列标记 | | |
| | `y$` | 复制当前位置到本行结束的内容 | | |
| | `yy` | 复制当前行 | | |
| | `Y` | 复制当前行，同 yy | | |
| | `yt,` | 复制到逗号 | | |
| | `yiw` | 复制当前单词 | | |
| | `3yy` | 复制光标下三行内容 | | |
| | `v0` | 选中当前位置到行首 | | |
| | `v$` | 选中当前位置到行末 | | |
| | `vt,` | 选中到逗号 | | |
| | `viw` | 选中当前单词 | | |
| | `vi)` | 选中小括号内的东西 | | |
| | `vi]` | 选中中括号内的东西 | | |
| | `viB` | 选中'{}'中的内容 | | |
| | `vis` | 选中句子中的东西 | | |
| | `gv` | 重新选择上一次选中的文字 | | |
| | `:set paste` | 允许粘贴模式（避免粘贴时自动缩进影响格式） | | |
| | `:set nopaste` | 禁止粘贴模式 | | |
| | `"?yy` | 复制当前行到寄存器 ? ，问号代表 0-9 的寄存器名称 | | |
| | `"?p` | 将寄存器 ? 的内容粘贴到光标后 | | |
| | `"?P` | 将寄存器 ? 的内容粘贴到光标前 | | |
| | `:registers` | 显示所有寄存器内容 | | |
| | `:[range]y` | 复制范围，比如 :20,30y 是复制20到30行，:10y 是复制第十行 | | |
| | `:[range]d` | 删除范围，比如 :20,30d 是删除20到30行，:10d 是删除第十行 | | |
| | `ddp` | 交换两行内容：先删除当前行复制到寄存器，并粘贴 | | |
| ## 文件操作 | |
| | 快捷键 | 说明 | | |
| | ------- | ----- | | |
| | `:w` | 保存文件 | | |
| | `:w <filename>` | 按名称保存文件 | | |
| | `ZZ` | 保存文件（如果有改动的话），并关闭窗口 | | |
| | `:e <filename>` | 打开文件并编辑 | | |
| | `:saveas <filename>` | 另存为文件 | | |
| | `:r <filename>` | 读取文件并将内容插入到光标后 | | |
| | `:r !dir` | 将dir命令的输出捕获并插入到光标后 | | |
| | `:close` | 关闭文件 | | |
| | `:q` | 退出 | | |
| | `:q!` | 强制退出 | | |
| | `:wa` | 保存所有文件 | | |
| | `:cd <path>` | 切换Vim当前路径 | | |
| | `:new` | 打开一个新的窗口编辑新文件 | | |
| | `:enew` | 在当前窗口创建新文件 | | |
| | `:vnew` | 在左右切分的新窗口中编辑新文件 | | |
| | `:tabnew` | 在新的标签页中编辑新文件 | | |
| ## 使用外部程序 | |
| | 快捷键 | 说明 | | |
| | ------- | ----- | | |
| | `!` | 告诉vim正在执行一个过滤操作 | | |
| | `!5Gsort<Enter>` | 使用外部sort命令对1-5行文本排序 | | |
| | `!!` | 对当前行执行过滤命令 | | |
| | `!!date<Enter>` | 用"date"的输出代替当前行 | | |
| ## 宏录制 | |
| | 快捷键 | 说明 | | |
| | ------- | ----- | | |
| | `qa` | 开始录制名字为a的宏 | | |
| | `q` | 结束录制宏 | | |
| | `@a` | 播放名字为a的宏 | | |
| | `100@a` | 播放名字为a的宏100次 | | |
| | `:normal@a` | 播放名字为a的宏直到自动结束 | | |
| ## 实用命令 | |
| | 快捷键 | 说明 | | |
| | ------- | ----- | | |
| | `/pattern` | 从光标处向文件尾搜索 pattern | | |
| | `?pattern` | 从光标处向文件头搜索 pattern | | |
| | `n` | 向同一方向执行上一次搜索 | | |
| | `N` | 向相反方向执行上一次搜索 | | |
| | `*` | 向前搜索光标下的单词 | | |
| | `#` | 向后搜索光标下的单词 | | |
| | `:s/p1/p2/g` | 替换当前行的p1为p2 | | |
| | `:%s/p1/p2/g` | 替换当前文件中的p1为p2 | | |
| | `:%s/<p1>/p2/g` | 替换当前文件中的p1单词为p2 | | |
| | `:%s/p1/p2/gc` | 替换当前文件中的p1为p2，并且每处询问你是否替换 | | |
| | `:10,20s/p1/p2/g` | 将第10到20行中所有p1替换为p2 | | |
| | `:%s/1\\2\/3/123/g` | 将“1\2/3” 替换为 “123”（特殊字符使用反斜杠标注） | | |
| | `:%s/\r//g` | 删除 DOS 换行符 ^M | | |
| | `:g/^\s*$/d` | 删除空行 | | |
| | `:g/test/d` | 删除所有包含 test 的行 | | |
| | `:v/test/d` | 删除所有不包含 test 的行 | | |
| | `:%s/^/test/` | 在行首加入特定字符(也可以用宏录制来添加) | | |
| | `:%s/$/test/` | 在行尾加入特定字符(也可以用宏录制来添加) | | |
| | `:sort` | 排序 | | |
| | `:g/^\(.\+\)$\n\1/d` | 去除重复行(先排序) | | |
| | `:%s/^.\{10\}//` | 删除每行前10个字符 | | |
| | `:%s/.\{10\}$//` | 删除每行尾10个字符 | | |
| ## 帮助 | |
| | 快捷键 | 说明 | | |
| | ------- | ----- | | |
| | `h tutor` | 入门文档 | | |
| | `h quickref` | 快速帮助 | | |
| | `h index` | 查询Vim所有键盘命令定义 | | |
| | `h summary` | 帮助你更好的使用内置帮助系统 | | |
| | `h pattern.txt` | 正则表达式帮助 | | |
| | `h eval` | 脚本编写帮助 | | |
| | `h function-list` | 查看VimScript的函数列表 | | |
| | `h windows.txt` | 窗口使用帮助 | | |
| | `h tabpage.txt` | 标签页使用帮助 | | |
| | `h tips` | 查看Vim内置的常用技巧文档 | | |
| | `h quote` | 寄存器 | | |
| | `h autocommand-events` | 所有可能事件 | | |
| | `h write-plugin` | 编写插件 | | |
| ## 其他 | |
| | 快捷键 | 说明 | | |
| | ------- | ----- | | |
| | `vim -u NONE -N` | 开启vim时不加载vimrc文件 | | |
| | `vimdiff file1 file2` | 显示文件差异 | | |
| | `<leader>e` | 快速编辑vimrc文件 | | |
| | `<leader>s` | 重新加载vimrc文件 | | |
| | `<leader>h` | 打开vimplus帮助文档 | | |
| | `<leader>H` | 打开当前光标所在单词的vim帮助文档 | | |
| | `<leader><leader>i` | 安装插件 | | |
| | `<leader><leader>u` | 更新插件 | | |
| | `<leader><leader>c` | 删除插件 | |
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