TLDR - Laravel In Kubernetes Part 2

.dockerignore

/vendor
/node_modules

docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
    # We need to run the FPM container for our application
    laravel.fpm:
        build:
            context: .
            target: fpm_server
        image: laravel-in-kubernetes/fpm_server
        # We can override any env values here.
        # By default the .env in the project root will be loaded as the environment for all containers
        environment:
            APP_DEBUG: "true"
        # Mount the codebase, so any code changes we make will be propagated to the running application
        volumes:
            # Here we mount in our codebase so any changes are immediately reflected into the container
            - '.:/opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes'
        networks:
            - laravel-in-kubernetes

    # Run the web server container for static content, and proxying to our FPM container
    laravel.web:
        build:
            context: .
            target: web_server
        image: laravel-in-kubernetes/web_server
        # Expose our application port (80) through a port on our local machine (8080)
        ports:
            - '8080:80'
        environment:
            # We need to pass in the new FPM hst as the name of the fpm container on port 9000
            FPM_HOST: "laravel.fpm:9000"
        # Mount the public directory into the container so we can serve any static files directly when they change
        volumes:
            # Here we mount in our codebase so any changes are immediately reflected into the container
            - './public:/opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes/public'
        networks:
            - laravel-in-kubernetes
    # Run the Laravel Scheduler
    laravel.cron:
        build:
            context: .
            target: cron
        image: laravel-in-kubernetes/cron
        # Here we mount in our codebase so any changes are immediately reflected into the container
        volumes:
            # Here we mount in our codebase so any changes are immediately reflected into the container
            - '.:/opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes'
        networks:
            - laravel-in-kubernetes
    # Run the frontend, and file watcher in a container, so any changes are immediately compiled and servable
    laravel.frontend:
        build:
            context: .
            target: frontend
        # Override the default CMD, so we can watch changes to frontend files, and re-transpile them.
        command: ["npm", "run", "watch"]
        image: laravel-in-kubernetes/frontend
        volumes:
            # Here we mount in our codebase so any changes are immediately reflected into the container
            - '.:/opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes'
            # Add node_modeules as singular volume.
            # This prevents our local node_modules from being propagated into the container,
            # So the node_modules can be compiled for each of the different architectures (Local, Image)
            - '/opt/app/node_modules/'
        networks:
            - laravel-in-kubernetes

    mysql:
        image: 'mysql:8.0'
        ports:
            - '${FORWARD_DB_PORT:-3306}:3306'
        environment:
            MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: '${DB_PASSWORD}'
            MYSQL_DATABASE: '${DB_DATABASE}'
            MYSQL_USER: '${DB_USERNAME}'
            MYSQL_PASSWORD: '${DB_PASSWORD}'
            MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD: 'yes'
        volumes:
            - 'laravel-in-kubernetes-mysql:/var/lib/mysql'
        networks:
            - laravel-in-kubernetes
        healthcheck:
          test: ["CMD", "mysqladmin", "ping", "-p${DB_PASSWORD}"]
          retries: 3
          timeout: 5s

networks:
    laravel-in-kubernetes:

volumes:
    laravel-in-kubernetes-mysql:

Dockerfile

# Create args for PHP extensions and PECL packages we need to install.
# This makes it easier if we want to install packages,
# as we have to install them in multiple places.
# This helps keep ou Dockerfiles DRY -> https://bit.ly/dry-code
# You can see a list of required extensions for Laravel here: https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/deployment#server-requirements
ARG PHP_EXTS="bcmath ctype fileinfo mbstring pdo pdo_mysql tokenizer dom pcntl"
ARG PHP_PECL_EXTS="redis"

# We need to build the Composer base to reuse packages we've installed
FROM composer:2.1 as composer_base

# We need to declare that we want to use the args in this build step
ARG PHP_EXTS
ARG PHP_PECL_EXTS

# First, create the application directory, and some auxilary directories for scripts and such
RUN mkdir -p /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes/bin

# Next, set our working directory
WORKDIR /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes

# We need to create a composer group and user, and create a home directory for it, so we keep the rest of our image safe,
# And not accidentally run malicious scripts
RUN addgroup -S composer \
    && adduser -S composer -G composer \
    && chown -R composer /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes \
    && apk add --virtual build-dependencies --no-cache ${PHPIZE_DEPS} openssl ca-certificates libxml2-dev oniguruma-dev \
    && docker-php-ext-install -j$(nproc) ${PHP_EXTS} \
    && pecl install ${PHP_PECL_EXTS} \
    && docker-php-ext-enable ${PHP_PECL_EXTS} \
    && apk del build-dependencies

# Next we want to switch over to the composer user before running installs.
# This is very important, so any extra scripts that composer wants to run,
# don't have access to the root filesystem.
# This especially important when installing packages from unverified sources.
USER composer

# Copy in our dependency files.
# We want to leave the rest of the code base out for now,
# so Docker can build a cache of this layer,
# and only rebuild when the dependencies of our application changes.
COPY --chown=composer composer.json composer.lock ./

# Install all the dependencies without running any installation scripts.
# We skip scripts as the code base hasn't been copied in yet and script will likely fail,
# as `php artisan` available yet.
# This also helps us to cache previous runs and layers.
# As long as comoser.json and composer.lock doesn't change the install will be cached.
RUN composer install --no-dev --no-scripts --no-autoloader --prefer-dist

# Copy in our actual source code so we can run the installation scripts we need
# At this point all the PHP packages have been installed,
# and all that is left to do, is to run any installation scripts which depends on the code base
COPY --chown=composer . .

# Now that the code base and packages are all available,
# we can run the install again, and let it run any install scripts.
RUN composer install --no-dev --prefer-dist

# For the frontend, we want to get all the Laravel files,
# and run a production compile
FROM node:14 as frontend

# We need to copy in the Laravel files to make everything is available to our frontend compilation
COPY --from=composer_base /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes

WORKDIR /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes

# We want to install all the NPM packages,
# and compile the MIX bundle for production
RUN npm install && \
    npm run prod

# For running things like migrations, and queue jobs,
# we need a CLI container.
# It contains all the Composer packages,
# and just the basic CLI "stuff" in order for us to run commands,
# be that queues, migrations, tinker etc.
FROM php:8.0-alpine as cli

# We need to declare that we want to use the args in this build step
ARG PHP_EXTS
ARG PHP_PECL_EXTS

WORKDIR /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes

# We need to install some requirements into our image,
# used to compile our PHP extensions, as well as install all the extensions themselves.
# You can see a list of required extensions for Laravel here: https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/deployment#server-requirements
RUN apk add --virtual build-dependencies --no-cache ${PHPIZE_DEPS} openssl ca-certificates libxml2-dev oniguruma-dev && \
    docker-php-ext-install -j$(nproc) ${PHP_EXTS} && \
    pecl install ${PHP_PECL_EXTS} && \
    docker-php-ext-enable ${PHP_PECL_EXTS} && \
    apk del build-dependencies

# Next we have to copy in our code base from our initial build which we installed in the previous stage
COPY --from=composer_base /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes
COPY --from=frontend /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes/public /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes/public

# We need a stage which contains FPM to actually run and process requests to our PHP application.
FROM php:8.0-fpm-alpine as fpm_server

# We need to declare that we want to use the args in this build step
ARG PHP_EXTS
ARG PHP_PECL_EXTS

WORKDIR /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes

RUN apk add --virtual build-dependencies --no-cache ${PHPIZE_DEPS} openssl ca-certificates libxml2-dev oniguruma-dev && \
    docker-php-ext-install -j$(nproc) ${PHP_EXTS} && \
    pecl install ${PHP_PECL_EXTS} && \
    docker-php-ext-enable ${PHP_PECL_EXTS} && \
    apk del build-dependencies

# We have to copy in our code base from our initial build which we installed in the previous stage
COPY --from=composer_base --chown=www-data /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes
COPY --from=frontend --chown=www-data /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes/public /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes/public

# We want to cache the event, routes, and views so we don't try to write them when we are in Kubernetes.
# Docker builds should be as immutable as possible, and this removes a lot of the writing of the live application.
RUN php artisan event:cache && \
    php artisan route:cache && \
    php artisan view:cache

# As FPM uses the www-data user when running our application,
# we need to make sure that we also use that user when starting up,
# so our user "owns" the application when running
USER  www-data

# We need an nginx container which can pass requests to our FPM container,
# as well as serve any static content.
FROM nginx:1.20-alpine as web_server

WORKDIR /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes

# We need to add our NGINX template to the container for startup,
# and configuration.
COPY nginx.conf.template /etc/nginx/templates/default.conf.template

# Copy in ONLY the public directory of our project.
# This is where all the static assets will live, which nginx will serve for us.
COPY --from=frontend /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes/public /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes/public

# We need a CRON container to the Laravel Scheduler.
# We'll start with the CLI container as our base,
# as we only need to override the CMD which the container starts with to point at cron
FROM cli as cron

WORKDIR /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes

# We want to create a laravel.cron file with Laravel cron settings, which we can import into crontab,
# and run crond as the primary command in the forground
RUN touch laravel.cron && \
    echo "* * * * * cd /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes && php artisan schedule:run" >> laravel.cron && \
    crontab laravel.cron

CMD ["crond", "-l", "2", "-f"]

FROM cli

nginx.conf.template

server {
    listen 80 default_server;
    listen [::]:80 default_server;

    # We need to set the root for our sevrer,
    # so any static file requests gets loaded from the correct path
    root /opt/apps/laravel-in-kubernetes/public;

    index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

    # _ makes sure that nginx does not try to map requests to a specific hostname
    # This allows us to specify the urls to our application as infrastructure changes,
    # without needing to change the application
    server_name _;

    # At the root location,
    # we first check if there are any static files at the location, and serve those,
    # If not, we check whether there is an indexable folder which can be served,
    # Otherwise we forward the request to the PHP server
    location / {
        # Using try_files here is quite important as a security concideration
        # to prevent injecting PHP code as static assets,
        # and then executing them via a URL.
        # See https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/#passing-uncontrolled-requests-to-php
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    # Some static assets are loaded on every page load,
    # and logging these turns into a lot of useless logs.
    # If you would prefer to see these requests for catching 404's etc.
    # Feel free to remove them
    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
    location = /robots.txt  { access_log off; log_not_found off; }

    # When a 404 is returned, we want to display our applications 404 page,
    # so we redirect it to index.php to load the correct page
    error_page 404 /index.php;

    # Whenever we receive a PHP url, or our root location block gets to serving through fpm,
    # we want to pass the request to FPM for processing
    location ~ \.php$ {
        #NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_pass ${FPM_HOST};
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name;
    }

    location ~ /\.ht {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~ /\.(?!well-known).* {
        deny all;
    }
}

Hey Chris, thanks for this super awesome guide! ❤️

Please adjust:

• https://gist.github.com/chris-cmsoft/d398cb87907db6f39341df53345d6925#file-dockerfile-L75
  Should be commented out: # Install nginx config

• https://gist.github.com/chris-cmsoft/d398cb87907db6f39341df53345d6925#file-dockerfile-L83
  Comment out or remove as it crashes the NGINX process: # CMD ["nginx", "-c", "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"]. This fixes the issue Mark Foster referred to in Disqus.

Hey Chris, thanks for this super awesome guide! ❤️

Please adjust:

• https://gist.github.com/chris-cmsoft/d398cb87907db6f39341df53345d6925#file-dockerfile-L75
  Should be commented out: # Install nginx config
• https://gist.github.com/chris-cmsoft/d398cb87907db6f39341df53345d6925#file-dockerfile-L83
  Comment out or remove as it crashes the NGINX process: # CMD ["nginx", "-c", "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"]. This fixes the issue Mark Foster referred to in Disqus.

All fixed. Thanks for letting me know Peter ! Glad you're enjoying it :)

Hi, this line according to your blog must be changed to:
COPY docker/nginx.conf.template /etc/nginx/templates/default.conf.template

Hello!
Great tutorial first of all. It's really helping me solve a client's migration to Kubernetes.

I found that on the Dockerfile the PHP version is outdated and I was getting errors on the build. Can you change it from php:8.0-fpm-alpine to php:8.1-fpm-alpine. I also changed the php:8.0-alpine in the cli step locally to keep it the same version, although it wasn't returning any errors on that part.

Also, on the web_server step, on the blog page, you indicate that the nginx template file should be created in a new folder named docker. But in the Dockerfile you attempt to copy from the root. So please change COPY nginx.conf.template /etc/nginx/templates/default.conf.template to COPY docker/nginx.conf.template /etc/nginx/templates/default.conf.template.

Cheers!