Run WordPress locally using Docker // wp-mysql-minimal

wordpress-docker-compose.yml

version: '3.9'
services:
  wordpress:
    image: 'wordpress:latest'  # Use the latest WordPress image
    depends_on:
      - "db"  # Ensures that the db service is started before WordPress
    env_file: .env  # Load environment variables from an external file
    environment:
      WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db  # Database host, uses the service name 'db'
      WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: '${MYSQL_DATABASE}'  # Database name, loaded from environment
      WORDPRESS_DB_USER: '${MYSQL_USER}'  # Database user, loaded from environment
      WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: '${MYSQL_PASSWORD}'  # Database password, loaded from environment
    ports:
      - "80:80"  # Map port 80 in the container to port 80 on the host
    restart: unless-stopped  # Restart policy to handle crashes
    user: '33:33'  # Run as 'www-data' user group
    volumes:
      - 'wordpress:/var/www/html'  # Persistent storage for WordPress files
      - type: bind
        source: ./wordpress.ini
        target: /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/wordpress.ini
        consistency: cached  # Bind mount for custom PHP configuration, with cached consistency for better performance
    networks:
      - wordpressnet  # Connect to the 'wordpressnet' network
        
  db:
    image: 'mariadb:11.4'  # Use MariaDB version 11.4
    command: '--max_allowed_packet=67108864'  # Increase max allowed packet size for large queries
    env_file: .env  # Load environment variables from an external file
    environment:
      MYSQL_DATABASE: '${MYSQL_DATABASE}'  # Database name
      MYSQL_USER: '${MYSQL_USER}'  # Database user
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: '${MYSQL_PASSWORD}'  # Database password
      MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD: '1'  # Enable random root password for security
      MARIADB_AUTO_UPGRADE: '1'  # Enable automatic MariaDB upgrades
      TZ: 'Etc/GMT+8'  # Set the time zone
    restart: unless-stopped  # Restart policy to handle crashes
    volumes:
      - 'db:/var/lib/mysql'  # Persistent storage for MariaDB files
    networks:
      - wordpressnet  # Connect to the 'wordpressnet' network
    
volumes:
  wordpress: null  # Define the 'wordpress' volume
  db: null  # Define the 'db' volume
  
networks:
  wordpressnet:
    driver: bridge  # Use the bridge driver for the 'wordpressnet' network

Replaced the following configuration for improving I/O performance of the bind mounts from

wordpress:
   volumes:
      - './htdocs:/var/www/html'
      - './wordpress.ini:/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/wordpress.ini'
db:
   volumes:
     - './db:/var/lib/mysql'

to

wordpress:
   volumes:
      - type: bind
        source: ./htdocs
        target: /var/www/html
        consistency: cached
      - type: bind
        source: ./wordpress.ini
        target: /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/wordpress.ini
        consistency: cached
    volumes:
      - type: bind
        source: ./wordpress.ini
        target: /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/wordpress.ini
        consistency: delegated

Update Docker Compose configuration for WordPress and MariaDB services

• Update WordPress service:

  • Replace hardcoded environment variables with variables loaded from .env file for better security and configurability.

    # MySQL settings
    MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress_db
    MYSQL_USER=wordpress_user
    MYSQL_PASSWORD=secure_password
    
    # Optional: You can also define other environment variables here if needed.
    

  • Modify user from "1000:1000" to "33:33" to align with the standard www-data user, enhancing security and compatibility.

  • Add comments to each configuration for better clarity and maintainability.

  • Replace direct volume binding for /var/www/html with a named volume to ensure persistent storage across container recreations.

• Update database service:

  • Switch from MySQL 5.7.34 to MariaDB 11.4 to take advantage of newer features and better performance.
  • Introduce environment variables through .env file, aligning with the WordPress service configuration.
  • Add 'MARIADB_AUTO_UPGRADE' environment variable to enable automatic database upgrades, ensuring the database version is kept up-to-date securely.
  • Adjust volume configuration to use a named volume for database storage, ensuring data persistence.

• Define named volumes and network:

  • Explicitly define 'wordpress' and 'db' volumes in the volume section for clarity and to manage data persistence effectively.
  • Set the network driver to 'bridge' for the 'wordpressnet' network, specifying network behavior.

These changes aim to enhance security, maintainability, and performance of the Docker services for WordPress and MariaDB.